What is the House of La Rochefoucauld and where does its name originate?

The House of La Rochefoucauld is one of France's ancient noble families, with origins tracing back to the 10th century in the region of Poitou. The family name is derived from the fortified hill (*roche*) where they originated, later becoming associated with the name Foucauld.

When and by whom was the County of La Rochefoucauld elevated to a Duchy and Peerage?

The County of La Rochefoucauld was elevated to a Duchy and Peerage by King Louis XIII of France through Letters Patent issued at Niort in April 1622. This act formally recognized François V of La Rochefoucauld as the first Duke of La Rochefoucauld and a Peer of France.

What were some of the lordships united with the Duchy of La Rochefoucauld upon its elevation in 1622?

Upon its elevation in 1622, the Duchy of La Rochefoucauld was united with several lordships, including Verteuil, Daunart, Joussaume, Vivier, Montignac, Touriers, Celfroin, Saint Clos, La Mothe, and Saint-Angeau. Later, in 1732, Marcillac, Anville, Génac, and Ambéac were added, though these were separated again in 1765.

Who was François I of La Rochefoucauld and what title did he receive in 1528?

François I of La Rochefoucauld (1450–1541) was a significant figure in the family's history, serving as the godfather to King François I of France. In 1528, he was granted the title of Count of La Rochefoucauld, which was established through the union of several baronies and châtellenies.

Who was François VI de La Rochefoucauld and what is he known for?

François VI de La Rochefoucauld (1613–1680) was the second Duke of La Rochefoucauld and a prominent figure during the Fronde. He is celebrated as a moralist writer, most famously for his work 'Réflexions ou sentences et maximes morales' (Reflections or Moral Sentences and Maxims), first published in 1664.

How did the Château de La Roche-Guyon become associated with the House of La Rochefoucauld?

The Château de La Roche-Guyon became associated with the House of La Rochefoucauld through the marriage of François VII of La Rochefoucauld to Jeanne Charlotte of Plessis-Liancourt in 1663. Jeanne Charlotte was the great-granddaughter of Antoinette de Pons and the heiress of the Duke of La Roche-Guyon, thus bringing the domains of La Roche-Guyon and Liancourt into the La Rochefoucauld family.

What significant statement did François XII (Duke of La Rochefoucauld) make during the French Revolution?

François XII (1747–1827), an eminent philanthropist, is remembered for his response to King Louis XVI during the French Revolution. When the King asked if the events were a revolt, François XII famously replied, 'No, Sire, it is a revolution.'

What titles did the House of La Rochefoucauld acquire in the 18th century?

In the 18th century, the House of La Rochefoucauld acquired several additional titles, including Duke of Liancourt, Duke of Enville, and Duke of Estissac. They also became known as the Prince of La Rochefoucauld-Montbel, Duke of Doudeauville, Duke of Estrées, and Duke of Bisaccia.

Which members of the La Rochefoucauld family were beatified after being massacred during the French Revolution?

Two members of the La Rochefoucauld family, Pierre-Louis of La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (1744–1792) and François-Joseph of La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (1736–1792), were massacred during the French Revolution and later beatified.

What is the significance of the La Rochefoucauld family's ancestral seat?

The family's ancestral seat is the La Rochefoucauld Castle, which has remained in their possession since the 10th century, signifying a long and continuous connection to their historical origins.

What are the proposed origins of the House of La Rochefoucauld's name and ancestry?

The name 'La Rochefoucauld' is believed to derive from the fortified hill (*roche*) where the family originated, combined with the name Foucauld. While some historians suggest a link to the House of Lusignan or Adémar of La Roche, André Debord attributes their origins to the House of Montbron in the 12th century.

Who founded the first House of La Rochefoucauld and what significant religious foundation is attributed to Guy I?

Adémar of La Roche (952–1037) is considered the progenitor of the first House of La Rochefoucauld. His son, Guy I of La Roche (1010–1060), founded the priory of Saint-Florent de La Rochefoucauld in 1060.

How did the House of La Rochefoucauld acquire the Lords of Marthon title?

The House of La Rochefoucauld acquired the Lords of Marthon title through the marriage of Emma de La Rochefoucauld (daughter and heiress of Aymar de La Roche, Lord of La Rochefoucauld) to Robert v Marthon. Their son, Guy IV of La Rochefoucauld, took his mother's name and became Lord of La Rochefoucauld, Verteuil, and Marthon.

What role did Foucauld II of La Rochefoucauld play in the service of King Philip II Augustus?

Foucauld II of La Rochefoucauld served in the army of King Philip II Augustus and was captured in 1198 during the Battle of Gisors. He was a Lord of La Rochefoucauld, Verteuil, Blanzac, and Marthon.

What significant act did Guy V of La Rochefoucauld undertake in 1230?

Guy V of La Rochefoucauld founded the Cordeliers Convent in Angoulême in 1230. He was the son of Foucauld II and a Lord of La Rochefoucauld, Verteuil, Blanzac, and Marthon.

What was the fate of Guy VII of La Rochefoucauld at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356?

Guy VII of La Rochefoucauld, Baron of La Rochefoucauld, was killed on September 19, 1356, at the Battle of Poitiers, fighting alongside King John II of France. He had also founded the Couvent des Carmes de La Rochefoucauld in 1329.

Which key historical event marked the end of the Hundred Years' War, and what was the role of Foucauld III de La Rochefoucauld in it?

The Battle of Castillon, which marked the end of the Hundred Years' War, saw Foucauld III de La Rochefoucauld participate. He served as a Councillor and Chamberlain to King Charles VII of France and is credited with rescuing the king at this pivotal battle.

What distinguished Jean I of La Rochefoucauld's career in the 15th century?

Jean I of La Rochefoucauld (1430–1471) held significant positions as Councillor and Grand Chamberlain of France for Kings Louis XI and Charles VIII. He also served as governor of Bayonne and acquired lands including Marcillac and Montignac.

Who was François III of La Rochefoucauld, and what tragic event led to his death?

François III of La Rochefoucauld (1521–1572) was the Count of La Rochefoucauld, Prince of Marcillac, and Count of Roucy. He was killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, a period of intense religious conflict in France.

What was the religious affiliation of François IV of La Rochefoucauld, and how did he die?

François IV of La Rochefoucauld (1554–1591) was a Protestant. He died in Saint-Yrieix, killed by the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion.

Who was François V of La Rochefoucauld, the first Duke, and whom did he marry?

François V of La Rochefoucauld (1588–1650) was the first Duke of La Rochefoucauld. He married Gabrielle of Plessis-Liancourt in 1611, who was the daughter of Antoinette de Pons and sister to Roger of Plessis-Liancourt, Duke of Liancourt.

What historical event did François VII of La Rochefoucauld's wife, Jeanne Charlotte of Plessis-Liancourt, bring into the La Rochefoucauld family?

Jeanne Charlotte of Plessis-Liancourt, wife of François VII of La Rochefoucauld, brought the domains of La Roche-Guyon and Liancourt into the La Rochefoucauld family through her inheritance.

What was the significance of François VIII of La Rochefoucauld's marriage to Magdeleine Charlotte de Tellier?

François VIII of La Rochefoucauld (1663–1728) married Magdeleine Charlotte de Tellier, the daughter of François Michel Le Tellier de Louvois, who was Louis XIV's prime minister. This marriage represented a significant alliance with a powerful figure in the French court.

Who was Alexandre I of La Rochefoucauld, and what was his role in the French court?

Alexandre I of La Rochefoucauld (1690–1762) was the fifth Duke of La Rochefoucauld. He held the prestigious position of grand maître de la garde robe (grand master of the king's wardrobe) for the King of France.

What is the origin of the courtesy title 'Duke of La Roche-Guyon' for the La Rochefoucauld family in the 19th-21st centuries?

The courtesy title 'Duke of La Roche-Guyon' originated in the 19th century when Alfred de La Rochefoucauld, from a cadet branch, adopted the title 'motu proprio' (on his own initiative) after the original ducal title had extinguished in 1762. This courtesy title has been borne by his descendants since.

What was the role of Adélaïde Marie Françoise of Pyvart de Chastullé in relation to Empress Josephine?

Adélaïde Marie Françoise of Pyvart de Chastullé, wife of Alexandre-François of La Rochefoucauld, served as the first lady of honor (dame d'honneur) to Empress Josephine. Her portrait can be seen in the coronation painting of Napoleon, where she is depicted holding Josephine's gown.

What diplomatic roles did Alexandre-François of La Rochefoucauld undertake?

Alexandre-François of La Rochefoucauld served as the French Ambassador to Vienna (Austria) in 1805 and later to The Hague (Kingdom of Holland) from 1808 to 1810. In the latter role, he negotiated the union of the Kingdom of Holland with France.

What was the significance of the title 'Duke of Estissac' for the La Rochefoucauld family?

The title 'Duke of Estissac' was created for Louis François Armand of La Rochefoucauld in 1737, becoming hereditary in 1758. This title passed through various branches of the family, notably through Alexandre Jules of La Rochefoucauld in 1840.

Which La Rochefoucauld family member was known for his philanthropic work and his statement during the French Revolution?

François XII of La Rochefoucauld (1747–1827), also known as the Duke of La Rochefoucauld-Enville, was an eminent philanthropist. He is famously remembered for his statement to Louis XVI during the French Revolution: 'No, Sire, it is a revolution.'

What is the heraldic description of the primitive arms of the House of La Rochefoucauld?

The primitive arms of the House of La Rochefoucauld are described as barruly (traversed by small bars) of ten argent (silver or white) and azure (blue), with three chevrons gules (red), the uppermost one truncated or écimé. These arms are sometimes compared to those of the House of Lusignan due to similarities in the barruly field.

What do the quartered arms of Charles of La Rochefoucauld (1520–1582) symbolize?

The quartered arms of Charles of La Rochefoucauld (1520–1582) symbolize his lineage. The first and fourth quarters feature gules with a bend argent, representing the House of Roye, while the second and third quarters display or with an azure escutcheon, possibly indicating an alliance or connection to the House of Roucy.

What is depicted in the central escutcheon of Charles of La Rochefoucauld's more elaborate coat of arms?

The central escutcheon on Charles of La Rochefoucauld's more elaborate coat of arms features a gold (or) background with two red (gules) cows, horned, collared, and belled in blue (azure), depicted passant (walking) in pale (stacked vertically). This imagery is associated with the arms of Béarn.

What do the different elements on the collar and medallions of the Order of Saint Michael, as depicted in the armorial section, represent?

The armorial section describes the collar of the Order of Saint Michael featuring a medallion at the bottom that depicts Saint Michael the Archangel in armor with a sword and shield, standing over a defeated dragon. This imagery symbolizes the Archangel's victory over evil.

What is the significance of the Maltese cross and fleur-de-lis in the heraldry associated with the Order of the Holy Spirit?

In the heraldry of the Order of the Holy Spirit, the Maltese cross has eight points, symbolizing the eight beatitudes, and features a dove at its center representing the Holy Spirit. The fleur-de-lis between the arms of the cross collectively represent the Twelve Apostles.

What do the different tinctures (colors) used in heraldry, such as argent, or, gules, and azure, typically represent?

In heraldry, tinctures have symbolic meanings: Argent (silver or white) often represents purity and sincerity; Or (gold or yellow) symbolizes generosity, nobility, and prestige; Gules (red) can signify military honor and magnanimity; and Azure (blue) often represents loyalty and truth.

Who was François de La Rochefoucauld (1558–1645), and what were his ecclesiastical and political roles?

François de La Rochefoucauld (1558–1645) was a significant figure who served as Bishop of Clermont, Cardinal of Clermont, Cardinal-Priest of San Callisto and Senlis, and Grand Almoner of France. He was also the nephew of François III of La Rochefoucauld.

What is the historical significance of the La Rochefoucauld family's connection to the Lascaux caves?

The La Rochefoucauld-Montbel family owned the Lascaux caves at the time of their discovery. This connection highlights the family's historical presence and influence over significant cultural heritage sites in France.

What role did Charles-Emmanuel of La Rochefoucauld-Montbel play in preserving historical sites?

Charles-Emmanuel of La Rochefoucauld-Montbel donated the Lascaux caves to France and the lands and buildings of the Pellevoisin sanctuary to the diocese of Bourges, demonstrating a commitment to the preservation of cultural and religious heritage.

What is the meaning of the motto 'C'est mon plaisir' associated with the House of La Rochefoucauld?

The motto 'C'est mon plaisir' translates to 'It is my pleasure.' This motto reflects a sense of personal satisfaction or perhaps a statement of authority and prerogative associated with the family's noble standing.

What is the significance of the 'barruly' and 'chevrons' in the La Rochefoucauld coat of arms, according to heraldic analysis?

The 'barruly' field in the La Rochefoucauld arms, consisting of alternating silver and blue bars, is similar to the arms of the House of Lusignan. The addition of three red chevrons, with the top one truncated, serves as a distinguishing mark or 'brisure,' possibly indicating a separate lineage or a modification from an earlier design.

Who was Robert de La Rochefoucauld (1923–2012), and what notable role did he play?

Robert de La Rochefoucauld (1923–2012) was a World War II spy and a third great-grandson of François of La Rochefoucauld (1765–1848), the 8th Duke of La Rochefoucauld. His wartime activities underscore a history of service and bravery within the family.

What prestigious clubs or institutions were founded or significantly influenced by members of the La Rochefoucauld family?

Members of the La Rochefoucauld family were instrumental in founding prestigious institutions, including the Jockey Club de Paris. They also held positions such as Grand Hospitaller of the Order of Malta and were recognized for their involvement in various cultural and social organizations.

How many members of the La Rochefoucauld family have been associated with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta?

Approximately 40 members of the La Rochefoucauld family have been, or currently are, associated with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, indicating a long-standing tradition of service and commitment within this esteemed chivalric order.

What is the heraldic significance of the colors argent and azure used in the La Rochefoucauld coat of arms?

In heraldry, Argent (silver or white) traditionally symbolizes purity, sincerity, and peace, while Azure (blue) represents loyalty, truth, and steadfastness. These colors in the La Rochefoucauld arms likely reflect these noble virtues.

What does the motto 'C'est mon plaisir' suggest about the House of La Rochefoucauld?

The motto 'C'est mon plaisir,' meaning 'It is my pleasure,' suggests a sense of personal satisfaction, perhaps linked to the fulfillment of duty, the exercise of privilege, or the enjoyment of their noble status and possessions.

What is the historical context behind the elevation of the County of La Rochefoucauld to a Duchy and Peerage in 1622?

The elevation of the County of La Rochefoucauld to a Duchy and Peerage in 1622 by Louis XIII was a significant royal act that formally recognized the family's high status and influence within the French nobility, granting them a seat and voice in the highest echelons of the kingdom's power structure.

How did the La Rochefoucauld family's lineage potentially connect to the House of Lusignan, based on heraldic evidence?

Heraldic evidence, specifically the 'barruly' field of argent and azure in the La Rochefoucauld arms, is similar to the arms of the House of Lusignan. This similarity has led some historians to suggest a potential common origin between the two noble families.

What was the role of the La Rochefoucauld family in the French Revolution, as exemplified by François XII?

François XII of La Rochefoucauld played a notable role during the French Revolution, famously identifying the upheaval not as a revolt but as a 'revolution' when speaking to King Louis XVI. His participation and subsequent philanthropic activities highlight the family's engagement with the significant political transformations of the era.

What does the presence of multiple ducal titles (Liancourt, Enville, Estissac, Doudeauville, Estrées, Bisaccia) indicate about the House of La Rochefoucauld?

The acquisition of multiple ducal titles over centuries signifies the La Rochefoucauld family's sustained prominence, wealth, and influence within French and European aristocracy. These titles reflect strategic marriages, royal favor, and the accumulation of significant estates and political capital.

House Of La Rochefoucauld Wiki: The House of La Rochefoucauld: A Tapestry of French Aristocracy

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Ancient Roots

Foundation of a Dynasty

The House of La Rochefoucauld stands as one of France's most venerable noble families, with origins deeply embedded in the 10th century. Its ancestral seat was established in the region known today as La Rochefoucauld, situated approximately 400 kilometers southwest of Paris. The lineage commences with Foucauld I of La Roche (c. 978–1047), the inaugural Lord of La Roche, later known as La Rochefoucauld. While debated, some historical hypotheses suggest a possible paternal lineage tracing back to Adémar of La Roche, or even the House of Lusignan, underscoring the family's ancient and potentially complex origins.

Etymological Significance

The family name itself, "La Rochefoucauld," is derived from the strategic fortified hill (*roche*) where the family's ancestral seat was located. This etymology signifies a deep connection to their territorial origins and the enduring presence of their lineage within the French landscape. Over the ensuing centuries, the family meticulously cultivated its influence, ascending through the ranks of French nobility and accumulating numerous prestigious titles and distinctions.

A Constellation of Titles

Ducal Elevation

A pivotal moment in the family's history occurred in April 1622 when King Louis XIII elevated the County of La Rochefoucauld to a Duchy and Peerage through Letters Patent. This act formally conferred the title of Duke of La Rochefoucauld upon François V (1588–1650), establishing him as the inaugural Duke and a Peer of France. This elevation marked a significant consolidation of the family's power and prestige within the French aristocracy.

Expanding Domains

The ducal title was further augmented over time through the acquisition of numerous other lordships and titles. These included the prestigious titles of Duke of Liancourt, Duke of Enville, Duke of Estissac, Duke of Doudeauville, Duke of Bisaccia, and Duke of Estrées. The family also held the titles of Prince of Marcillac and Marquis of various territories, demonstrating a vast network of influence and land ownership across France.

Historical Titles

The La Rochefoucauld family's ascent is marked by a succession of titles, beginning with Barons in the 13th century, progressing to Counts in 1528, and later Princes of Marcillac. The creation of the Duchy in 1622 was a landmark achievement, followed by the acquisition of further ducal titles in the 18th century, such as Duke of Enville and Duke of Estissac. These titles, often passed down through complex lines of succession and marriage alliances, underscore the family's enduring prominence.

Illustrious Personalities

François VI: The Moralist

François VI, the 2nd Duke of La Rochefoucauld (1613–1680), remains one of the most celebrated members of the family. Renowned as a moralist writer, his seminal work, Réflexions ou sentences et maximes morales (1664), offered profound insights into human nature and societal motivations. His writings continue to be studied for their sharp wit and enduring relevance, cementing his legacy as a significant figure in French literature and philosophy.

François XII: Witness to Revolution

François XII (1747–1827), the 7th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, was a prominent philanthropist and a figure of historical significance during the tumultuous French Revolution. Famously, he addressed King Louis XVI with the prescient words, "Sir, it is not a revolt; it is a revolution," capturing the gravity of the unfolding events. His family's estates and titles were profoundly impacted by this era of upheaval.

Robert de La Rochefoucauld: Wartime Hero

In more modern times, Robert de La Rochefoucauld (1923–2012) distinguished himself as a World War II spy and a descendant of the ducal line. His courageous actions during the war exemplified the family's continued tradition of service and bravery, adding another layer to their multifaceted historical narrative.

Branching Legacies

Diverse Lineages

Over centuries, the House of La Rochefoucauld diversified into numerous branches, each maintaining distinct lines of succession and often acquiring unique titles and estates. Notable branches include the Elder Branch, the Roye Branch, and lines that held titles such as Marquis of Montendre, Marquis of Surgères, Duke of Doudeauville, Duke of Bisaccia, and Duke of Estrées.

Elder Branch: The primary line, holding the main ducal title of La Rochefoucauld.
Roye Branch: Founded by Charles de La Rochefoucauld, this line produced Dukes of Enville and later inherited the main ducal title.
Marquisates: Branches established as Marquises of Montendre and Surgères, stemming from Isaac de La Rochefoucauld and his descendants.
Duchies of Doudeauville, Bisaccia, and Estrées: These titles were acquired through various marriages and inheritances, notably by Sosthènes I and his descendants, creating distinct lines with significant historical standing.
La Rochefoucauld-Montbel: A branch recognized with princely titles in Bavaria, highlighting international connections.
La Roche-Guyon: A ducal title held by a cadet branch, later becoming a courtesy title.

Intertwined Destinies

The family's history is intricately woven with the political and social fabric of France. Members served as ambassadors, generals, ministers, and held positions within prestigious orders like the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Their influence extended to founding notable institutions such as the Jockey Club de Paris, reflecting their multifaceted engagement with French society.

Ancestral Seats

Enduring Estates

The La Rochefoucauld family has been associated with numerous significant estates and châteaux across France, many of which have remained in their possession for centuries. The ancestral seat, La Rochefoucauld Castle, has been held by the family since the 10th century, a testament to their deep historical roots and enduring connection to their patrimony.

Château de Verteuil
Château de Marthon
Château de Montignac
Château de La Rochefoucauld (Ancestral Seat)
Château de Montbron
Château de Barbezieux
Château de La Barre
Lugérat Lodge in Montignac
Château d'Esclimont
Château de Bayers
Château de La Roche-Guyon
Château de Combreux
Château de Vaugien
Château de Maillot
Château de Versainville
Château de la Lande (Saulzais-le-Potier)
Château de Douy
Château de Pont-Chevron
Château de Fréteval
Château de L'Ormeteau

Territorial Influence

The family's extensive landholdings, particularly in regions like Poitou and Île-de-France, reflect their significant territorial influence. The continuous possession of key properties like La Rochefoucauld Castle for over a millennium highlights the remarkable continuity of their aristocratic presence and their deep integration into the French historical landscape.

Heraldic Distinction

The Arms of La Rochefoucauld

The heraldic achievement of the House of La Rochefoucauld is rich with symbolism, reflecting their noble status and history. The escutcheon features three chevrons gules, with the first truncated or topped. The field is barruly of ten pieces, alternating argent and azure. The achievement is further adorned with a ducal pavilion lined with ermine and decorated with laurel leaves, signifying nobility.

Motto: C'est mon plaisir ("It is my pleasure")
Crest: A ducal coronet topped with a mermaid (siren), blonde-haired, holding a mirror in her left arm and combing her hair with her right.
Supporters: Two male figures, representing strength and protection.
Compartment: Adorned with a fleur-de-lis in the center.

The family's motto, "C'est mon plaisir," encapsulates a sense of noble prerogative and personal authority.

Symbols of Nobility

The heraldic elements, from the specific charges on the shield to the supporters and crest, are meticulously designed to convey the family's lineage, achievements, and status. The inclusion of a ducal coronet and the mermaid crest are particularly distinctive, adding layers of historical and symbolic meaning to their coat of arms.

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References

His eldest son, FranÃ§ois IX de La Rochefoucauld (1681â1699), predeceased him and was succeeded by his younger son, Alexandre.

Also known as Duke of Anville (French: Duc d'Anville)

NYTimes: "Miss Mitchell's Wedding", February 11, 1892, p. 1.

NYTimes: "American Duchess Dies", February 21, 1933, p. 19.

NYTimes: "Son of Duchess Dead", March 12, 1903, p. 3.

Rank of Officer (France), January 1, 2015.

Knight Grand Cross (Italy), April 20, 2021, p. 18.

Knight Grand Cross (Spain), December 30, 2015.

Commander's Cross (Poland), February 15, 2024, p. 8.

"Grand Hospitaller",, 2016 & loc (blog).

A full list of references for this article are available at the House of La Rochefoucauld Wikipedia page

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The House of La Rochefoucauld

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Ancient Roots 🌳

🏰 Foundation of a Dynasty

📜 Etymological Significance

A Constellation of Titles 👑

⚜️ Ducal Elevation

🏰 Expanding Domains

📜 Historical Titles

Illustrious Personalities 👤

✍️ François VI: The Moralist

🗣️ François XII: Witness to Revolution

🎖️ Robert de La Rochefoucauld: Wartime Hero

Branching Legacies 🌳

🔗 Diverse Lineages

🏛️ Intertwined Destinies

Ancestral Seats 🏰

🏡 Enduring Estates

🌍 Territorial Influence

Heraldic Distinction 🛡️

🎨 The Arms of La Rochefoucauld

⚜️ Symbols of Nobility

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Ancient Roots

Foundation of a Dynasty

Etymological Significance

A Constellation of Titles

Ducal Elevation

Expanding Domains

Historical Titles

Illustrious Personalities

François VI: The Moralist

François XII: Witness to Revolution

Robert de La Rochefoucauld: Wartime Hero

Branching Legacies

Diverse Lineages

Intertwined Destinies

Ancestral Seats

Enduring Estates

Territorial Influence

Heraldic Distinction

The Arms of La Rochefoucauld

Symbols of Nobility

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