What is the current legislative representation for Mountain Province in the Philippine Congress?

Mountain Province currently holds a lone congressional district, meaning it is represented by a single member in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines, the House of Representatives.

Which areas were historically part of the representation of the undivided Mountain Province before 1969?

Before 1969, the representation of the undivided Mountain Province included the present-day provinces of Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, and Kalinga, as well as the highly urbanized city of Baguio.

When did the legislative representation of Mountain Province become confined only to the limits of the former sub-province of Bontoc?

The representation of Mountain Province was confined to the limits of the former sub-province of Bontoc starting in 1969, following the division of the larger territory.

Were the non-Christian majority areas of the Philippines, including Mountain Province, initially represented in the Philippine Legislature?

Initially, the non-Christian majority areas of the Philippines, which included the undivided Mountain Province, were excluded from representation in the lower house of the Philippine Legislature when it was established in 1907.

What legislative act extended representation to the non-Christian majority areas of the Philippines?

The Philippine Autonomy Act, passed by the United States Congress in 1916, extended legislative representation to the non-Christian majority areas of the Philippines, including the undivided Mountain Province.

How were the non-Christian majority areas represented in the upper house of the Philippine Legislature after 1917?

After 1917, as elaborated by the Revised Administrative Code (Act No. 2711), the non-Christian majority areas were collectively represented in the upper house by two senators appointed by the Governor-General, forming the 12th senatorial district.

How was the Mountain Province represented in the lower house of the Philippine Legislature between 1917 and 1935?

From 1917 to 1935, the Mountain Province and the chartered city of Baguio were represented in the lower house by three assembly members appointed by the Governor-General, functioning as a single at-large district.

Were the appointed representatives of the Mountain Province required to be residents of the areas they represented?

No, the appointed representatives were not necessarily required to be residents of the areas they represented. For instance, Assemblyman Pedro Aunario resided in Manila and Senator Lope K. Santos resided in Rizal, yet they represented the Mountain Province.

What legislative change in 1935 affected the representation of voters in areas transferred from Mountain Province?

In 1935, Act No. 4203 assigned voters in municipalities and municipal districts previously annexed to Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Cagayan to specific districts for electing members to the National Assembly. This allowed them to participate in electing representatives of their respective new provinces.

How did Act No. 4203 alter the representation for the Mountain Province?

Act No. 4203 abolished the senatorial district system and made the representation to the National Assembly elective through popular vote. It also divided the province into three districts with definite territorial compositions.

How was the sub-province of Bontoc divided for representation purposes under Act No. 4203?

Under Act No. 4203, the sub-province of Bontoc was split. Its eastern portion, including municipalities like Barlig, Bontoc, and Sagada, was represented in the first district, while its western portion, formerly part of the Lepanto sub-province, was represented in the third district.

How was Mountain Province represented in the National Assembly during the Japanese occupation?

During the Japanese occupation and the Second Philippine Republic, the Mountain Province sent two delegates to the National Assembly: one was the provincial governor serving ex officio, and the other was elected by KALIBAPI members. Baguio was represented separately.

What legislative change occurred on June 18, 1966, concerning Mountain Province?

On June 18, 1966, Republic Act No. 4695 was enacted, which transformed the sub-province of Bontoc into a full-fledged province retaining the name 'Mountain Province'. The three incumbent representatives of the pre-division province continued their service until the end of the 6th Congress.

How was Mountain Province represented from 1978 to 1984?

From 1978 to 1984, Mountain Province was part of Region I for representation purposes and elected one representative at-large to the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1984.

What constitutional change in 1987 established the current legislative structure for Mountain Province?

The Constitution proclaimed on February 11, 1987, established Mountain Province as a lone congressional district, and it began electing its member to the restored House of Representatives that same year.

What was the population of Mountain Province's lone district according to the 2015 census?

According to the 2015 census, the population of Mountain Province's lone district was 154,590.

Who was the first representative for the lone district of Mountain Province after its re-establishment in 1969?

Alfredo G. Lamen was the representative for the lone district of Mountain Province in the 7th Congress, serving from 1969 to 1972.

Who represented Mountain Province in the House of Representatives for multiple consecutive terms starting in 1987?

Victor S. Dominguez represented Mountain Province for three consecutive terms, from the 8th Congress (1987-1992) through the 10th Congress (1995-1998).

Who served as the representative for Mountain Province during the 11th Congress?

Josephine D. Dominguez served as the representative for Mountain Province during the 11th Congress, from 1998 to 2001.

Who was the representative for Mountain Province in the 12th Congress?

Roy S. Pilando represented Mountain Province in the 12th Congress, serving from 2001 to 2004.

Who represented Mountain Province in the 13th and 14th Congresses, and what happened during the latter part of the 14th Congress?

Victor S. Dominguez represented Mountain Province in the 13th Congress (2004-2007) and the first part of the 14th Congress (2007-2010). His seat remained vacant for the latter part of the 14th Congress after his death on February 8, 2008.

Who represented Mountain Province in the 15th and 16th Congresses?

Maximo B. Dalog represented Mountain Province in the 15th Congress (2010-2013) and the 16th Congress (2013-2016).

What occurred regarding the representation of Mountain Province during the 17th and 18th Congresses?

Maximo B. Dalog represented Mountain Province in the 17th Congress (2016-2019), but his seat became vacant after his death on June 3, 2017, remaining vacant until the end of the Congress. Kalinga Representative Allen Jesse Mangaoang served as the legislative caretaker. Maximo Y. Dalog Jr. then represented the province in the 18th Congress (2019-2022).

Who is the current representative for Mountain Province in the 19th Congress?

Maximo Y. Dalog Jr. is the current representative for Mountain Province in the 19th Congress, serving from 2022 to 2025.

What geographical areas constituted the 1st District of the undivided Mountain Province?

The 1st District of the undivided Mountain Province comprised the Sub-province of Apayao, a part of the Sub-province of Bontoc (including Barlig, Bontoc, Natonin, Sabangan, Sadanga, Sagada, and Paracelis), and the Sub-province of Kalinga (including Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pinukpuk, Tabuk, Tanudan, Tinglayan, Liwan, and Pasil).

Who were the representatives for the 1st District of the undivided Mountain Province during the 1st National Assembly?

During the 1st National Assembly (1935-1938), Saturnino Moldero served as the representative for the 1st District. He continued to serve in the 2nd National Assembly (1938-1941).

Who represented the 1st District of the undivided Mountain Province in the 1st Commonwealth Congress and the 1st Congress of the Philippines?

George K. Tait represented the 1st District in the 1st Commonwealth Congress (1945) and the 1st Congress of the Philippines (1946-1949).

Which areas comprised the 2nd District of the undivided Mountain Province?

The 2nd District of the undivided Mountain Province included the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which was independent from the province but voted for congressional representation, and the Sub-province of Benguet, encompassing municipalities like Atok, Bakun, Bokod, Buguias, Itogon, Kabayan, Kapangan, Kibungan, La Trinidad, Mankayan, Sablan, Tuba, and Tublay.

Who represented the 2nd District of the undivided Mountain Province in the 1st National Assembly?

Felipe E. Jose represented the 2nd District of the undivided Mountain Province in the 1st National Assembly from 1935 to 1938.

Who was the representative for the 2nd District of the undivided Mountain Province during the 5th Congress?

Ramon P. Mitra represented the 2nd District of the undivided Mountain Province during the 5th Congress, serving from 1961 to 1965. Andres A. Cosalan represented the district in the 6th Congress (1965-1969).

What geographical areas constituted the 3rd District of the undivided Mountain Province?

The 3rd District of the undivided Mountain Province included the Sub-province of Ifugao (comprising Banaue, Lagaue, Hungduan, Kiangan, Mayoyao, Potia, and Lamut) and a part of the Sub-province of Bontoc (including Bauko, Besao, and Tadian), which was annexed from Lepanto in 1920.

Who represented the 3rd District of the undivided Mountain Province during the 1st National Assembly?

George K. Tait represented the 3rd District of the undivided Mountain Province in the 1st National Assembly from 1935 to 1938.

Who represented the 3rd District of the undivided Mountain Province in the 2nd Commonwealth Congress and the 1st Congress of the Philippines?

Gabriel Dunuan represented the 3rd District in the 2nd Commonwealth Congress (1945) and the 1st Congress of the Philippines (1946-1949). Luis Hora represented the district for multiple terms from the 3rd to the 6th Congress.

What areas were included in the 'At-Large' district for Mountain Province between 1917 and 1935?

The 'At-Large' district for Mountain Province between 1917 and 1935 included the independent city of Baguio, the sub-provinces of Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao, and Kalinga, and the abolished sub-provinces of Amburayan and Lepanto. It also encompassed municipalities and municipal districts that had been transferred to Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, and La Union.

How many representatives were elected for the 'At-Large' district of Mountain Province during the 4th Philippine Legislature (1916-1919)?

During the 4th Philippine Legislature (1916-1919), three representatives were elected for the 'At-Large' district: Rafael Bulayungan, Juan Cariño, and Valentin Manglapus.

Who were the representatives for the 'At-Large' district of Mountain Province during the 9th Philippine Legislature (1931-1934)?

During the 9th Philippine Legislature (1931-1934), the representatives for the 'At-Large' district were Hilary P. Clapp, Juan Gaerlan, and Henry A. Kamora.

Which areas were represented by the 'At-Large' district of Mountain Province between 1943 and 1944?

Between 1943 and 1944, the 'At-Large' district included the sub-provinces of Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao, and Kalinga, but it excluded the independent city of Baguio.

Who represented Mountain Province in the National Assembly during the 1943-1944 period?

During the 1943-1944 period, Florencio Bagwan and Hilary P. Clapp (ex officio) represented Mountain Province in the National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic.

Who represented Mountain Province in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986?

Victor S. Dominguez represented Mountain Province in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986.

What was the significance of Act No. 1964 concerning Baguio's representation?

Act No. 1964, enacted in 1909, made Baguio an independent city, separate from the province. Consequently, it did not vote for provincial officials but continued to vote as part of Mountain Province solely for congressional representation.

What legislative changes occurred in 1920 regarding the territorial composition of Mountain Province's districts?

In 1920, several municipalities and municipal districts were transferred from Mountain Province to other provinces. Specifically, areas were annexed to Ilocos Sur (Alilem, Angaki, Cervantes, Concepcion, San Emilio, Sigay, Sugpon, Suyo, Tagudin) and La Union (Bagulin, Disdis, Pugo, Santol, San Gabriel, Sudipen). Additionally, the Lepanto sub-province was abolished and its areas were annexed to the Bontoc sub-province.

What legislative changes occurred in 1922 and 1928 regarding territorial transfers?

In 1922, some areas were transferred to Cagayan, and in 1928, further transfers occurred to Cagayan. Also, in 1922, certain municipalities were transferred from the Bontoc sub-province to the Kalinga sub-province.

What does the term 'legislative districts' refer to in the context of the Philippines?

Legislative districts refer to the specific geographical areas within the Philippines that are entitled to representation in the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives. Each district elects one representative.

What is the primary function of the House of Representatives in the Philippines?

The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines, responsible for making laws, representing the people, and exercising oversight over the executive branch.

What is the significance of the 'lone district' status for Mountain Province?

A 'lone district' status means that a province or city is represented by only one member in the House of Representatives. This is common for smaller provinces or highly urbanized cities.

What was the role of the Governor-General of the Philippines during the American colonial period in relation to legislative appointments?

During the American colonial period, the Governor-General of the Philippines had the authority to appoint legislators, particularly for areas like the Mountain Province that were initially excluded from popular elections. This power was exercised under acts like the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916.

What is the Revised Administrative Code of 1917?

The Revised Administrative Code of 1917 (Act No. 2711) was a significant piece of legislation enacted during the American colonial period that organized the administrative structure of the Philippines. It elaborated on how various territories, including those with non-Christian majorities, would be represented in the legislature.

What was the purpose of the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916?

The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, also known as the Jones Law, was enacted by the United States Congress to grant more autonomy to the Philippines and establish a framework for its eventual independence. It also provided for legislative representation for previously excluded areas.

What was the National Assembly of the Philippines during the Commonwealth period?

The National Assembly was the legislative body during the Commonwealth period of the Philippines (1935-1946). It was unicameral, meaning it consisted of a single legislative chamber, unlike the bicameral Congress established later.

What was the Batasang Pambansa?

The Batasang Pambansa was the national legislature of the Philippines during specific periods, including the interim period (1978-1984) and the regular session (1984-1986) under the 1973 Constitution. It was a unicameral body.

Legislative Districts Of Mountain Province Wiki: Mountain Province: A Cartographic Chronicle of Representation

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Introduction

Legislative Framework

The legislative districts of Mountain Province delineate the constituencies represented in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. This structure is fundamental to representative democracy, ensuring that the unique interests and concerns of the province are articulated and addressed within the national legislative body. Currently, Mountain Province is represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its single congressional district.

Evolving Boundaries

The historical representation of Mountain Province has undergone significant transformations, reflecting administrative reorganizations and political developments. Initially encompassing a broader territory that included present-day Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Baguio City, its representation has evolved. Since 1969, the focus has narrowed to the geographical and administrative boundaries of the post-division Mountain Province, primarily the former sub-province of Bontoc.

Historical Evolution of Representation

Undivided Mountain Province (1908–1966)

Initially excluded from national legislative representation, areas with significant non-Christian populations, including the undivided Mountain Province, gained representation following the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916. The Revised Administrative Code of 1917 formalized this, assigning two appointed senators to a special senatorial district and three appointed assembly members to represent the Mountain Province and Baguio City as a single at-large district in the lower house. Notably, these representatives were not necessarily residents of the province, with figures from Manila and Rizal serving during this period.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Despite territorial annexations to neighboring provinces in the 1920s, voters in these areas continued to be represented by the Mountain Province's delegation until 1935. With the passage of Act No. 4203, representation became elective, and the province was divided into three districts for the National Assembly. This act also stipulated that the sub-province of Bontoc would be split between the first and third districts, reflecting complex administrative divisions.^[4]

During the Second World War, representation in the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic included an ex officio member (the governor) and an elected KALIBAPI member for the province, with Baguio represented separately. Post-war, the Commonwealth era saw the restoration of the pre-war district system.^[6]

Reduced Mountain Province (1966–Present)

The administrative landscape shifted significantly with Republic Act No. 4695 on June 18, 1966, which established the new Mountain Province as a full-fledged province, retaining the name and largely comprising the former sub-province of Bontoc.^[5] The incumbent representatives from the pre-division era continued their service until the end of the 6th Congress. Subsequently, the newly defined Mountain Province began electing its lone representative in 1969.^[5]

From 1978 to 1984, the province was part of Region I for representation purposes. In 1984, it elected one representative at-large to the Regular Batasang Pambansa. Following the proclamation of the 1987 Constitution, Mountain Province was formally constituted as a single congressional district, electing its representative to the restored House of Representatives.^[6]

Defunct Legislative Districts

1st District (Defunct)

This district historically encompassed the sub-provinces of Apayao and Kalinga, along with portions of the sub-province of Bontoc. Its territorial composition evolved over time, with specific municipalities and municipal districts being established or transferred. The representatives for this district served during various legislative periods from the 1st National Assembly (1935–1938) through the 6th Congress (1965–1969), reflecting the complex administrative structure of the time.

Period	Representative
1st National Assembly 1935–1938	Saturnino Moldero
2nd National Assembly 1938–1941	Saturnino Moldero
1st Commonwealth Congress 1945	Saturnino Moldero
1st Congress 1946–1949	George K. Tait
2nd Congress 1949–1953	Antonio Canao
3rd Congress 1953–1957	Juan Bondad
4th Congress 1957–1961	Juan M. Duyan
5th Congress 1961–1965	Alfredo G. Lamen^a
5th Congress 1961–1965	Juan M. Duyan^b
6th Congress 1965–1969	vacant

Notes:
^a Unseated in January 1964 after losing electoral protest to Juan M. Duyan.^[8]
^b Replaced Alfredo G. Lamen after winning electoral protest; took oath of office on January 27, 1964 and served for the remainder of the 5th Congress. Was elected in 1965 to the 6th Congress, but halfway through his term vacated his seat after being elected governor of Kalinga-Apayao on November 14, 1967; seat remained vacant until the end of the 6th Congress.^[8]

2nd District (Defunct)

This district primarily comprised the sub-province of Benguet and the independent city of Baguio. Baguio, being an independent city, did not vote for provincial officials but was included in the congressional representation. The representatives for this district served from the 1st National Assembly (1935–1938) through the 6th Congress (1965–1969).

Period	Representative
1st National Assembly 1935–1938	Felipe E. Jose
2nd National Assembly 1938–1941	Ramon P. Mitra
1st Commonwealth Congress 1945	Ramon P. Mitra
1st Congress 1946–1949	Jose Mencio
2nd Congress 1949–1953	Dennis Molintas^b
2nd Congress 1949–1953	Ramon P. Mitra^c
3rd Congress 1953–1957
4th Congress 1957–1961
5th Congress 1961–1965
6th Congress 1965–1969	Andres A. Cosalan

Notes:
^a Baguio is independent from the province and does not vote for provincial officials since 1909 by virtue of Act No. 1964. It only voted as part of Mountain Province for congressional representation.^[a]
^b Unseated after losing electoral protest to Ramon P. Mitra.^[b]
^c Replaced Dennis Molintas after winning electoral protest on October 12, 1951; took oath of office on January 28, 1952 and served for the remainder of the 2nd Congress.^[c]

3rd District (Defunct)

This district comprised the sub-province of Ifugao and parts of the sub-province of Bontoc that were formerly part of the Lepanto sub-province. Similar to other districts, its composition evolved, with new municipal districts being created. Representatives served from the 1st National Assembly (1935–1938) through the 6th Congress (1965–1969).

Period	Representative
1st National Assembly 1935–1938	George K. Tait
2nd National Assembly 1938–1941	Miguel Gumangan
1st Commonwealth Congress 1945	Gregorio Marrero^a
1st Congress 1946–1949	Gabriel Dunuan
2nd Congress 1949–1953	Gabriel Dunuan
3rd Congress 1953–1957	Luis Hora
4th Congress 1957–1961
5th Congress 1961–1965
6th Congress 1965–1969

Notes:
^a Took oath of office on June 11, 1945.^[a]

At-Large Districts (Defunct)

During specific historical periods, representation was not tied to defined geographical districts but was allocated "at-large." This included the period from 1917 to 1935, where three appointed assembly members represented the entirety of the then-undivided Mountain Province, Baguio, and territories later transferred to other provinces.^[1]^[a]

Additionally, during the Second Philippine Republic (1943–1944), two representatives served at-large, and later, from 1984 to 1986, one representative was elected at-large to the Regular Batasang Pambansa.

1917–1935 (Appointed Representatives)

Period	Representatives
4th Philippine Legislature 1916–1919^b	Rafael Bulayungan	Juan Cariño	Valentin Manglapus
5th Philippine Legislature 1919–1922	Rafael Bulayungan	Juan Cariño	Pedro Aunario
6th Philippine Legislature 1922–1925	Joaquin Codamon	Miguel Cornejo^c	Henry A. Kamora
6th Philippine Legislature 1922–1925	Juan Cailles^d	Joaquin Codamon	Henry A. Kamora
7th Philippine Legislature 1925–1928	Saturnino Moldero	Juan Cailles^d	Clement F. Irving
8th Philippine Legislature 1928–1931	Saturnino Moldero	Saturnino Moldero	Henry A. Kamora
9th Philippine Legislature 1931–1934	Hilary P. Clapp	Juan Gaerlan	Henry A. Kamora
10th Philippine Legislature 1934–1935	Emiliano P. Aguirre	Felix P. Diaz	Rodolfo Hidalgo

Notes:
^a Baguio is independent from the province and does not vote for provincial officials since 1909 by virtue of Act No. 1964. It only voted as part of Mountain Province for congressional representation.^[a]
^b Representatives assumed office in 1917 after appointment by the Governor-General, pursuant to Act No. 2711.^[b]
^c Removed from office by Governor-General on October 6, 1925.^[c]
^d Appointed by the Governor-General in October 1925 to fill the vacated seat.^[d]

1943–1944 (Second Philippine Republic)

Period	Representatives
National Assembly 1943–1944	Florencio Bagwan Hilary P. Clapp (ex officio)^a

Notes:
^a This representation excluded Baguio City.^[a]

1984–1986 (Regular Batasang Pambansa)

Period	Representative
Regular Batasang Pambansa 1984–1986	Victor S. Dominguez

Current Representation

Lone District

Since the establishment of the current congressional structure, Mountain Province has been represented by a single congressional district. This district comprises the entire province, ensuring a unified voice in the national legislature. The population of this district, based on the 2015 census, was 154,590.

Period	Representative
7th Congress 1969–1972	Alfredo G. Lamen
8th Congress 1987–1992	Victor S. Dominguez
9th Congress 1992–1995
10th Congress 1995–1998
11th Congress 1998–2001	Josephine D. Dominguez
12th Congress 2001–2004	Roy S. Pilando
13th Congress 2004–2007	Victor S. Dominguez^a
14th Congress 2007–2010	Victor S. Dominguez^a
15th Congress 2010–2013	Maximo B. Dalog^c
16th Congress 2013–2016
17th Congress 2016–2019
17th Congress 2016–2019	vacant^d
18th Congress 2019–2022	Maximo Y. Dalog Jr.
19th Congress 2022–2025	Maximo Y. Dalog Jr.

Notes:
^a Died on February 8, 2008; seat remained vacant until the end of the 14th Congress.^[a]
^b Kalinga Representative Manuel Agyao was the designated Legislative Caretaker of the district.^[b]
^c Died on June 3, 2017; seat remained vacant until the end of the 17th Congress.^[c]
^d Kalinga Representative Allen Jesse Mangaoang was designated as Legislative Caretaker of the district on July 5, 2017.^[d]

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References

Died on February 8, 2008; seat remained vacant until the end of the 14th Congress.[8]

Died on June 3, 2017;[10] seat remained vacant until the end of the 17th Congress.

Unseated in January 1964 after losing electoral protest to Juan M. Duyan.[8]

Unseated after losing electoral protest to Ramon P. Mitra.[8]

Representatives only assumed office in 1917 after appointment by the Governor-General, pursuant to the provisions of Act No. 2711.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Legislative districts of Mountain Province Wikipedia page

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This page has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is derived from publicly available data, primarily Wikipedia, and has been refined for clarity and depth suitable for higher education students. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness based on the provided source, it may not reflect the absolute latest information or nuances.

This is not professional political or legal advice. The information provided is not a substitute for consulting official government records, legislative documents, or seeking advice from qualified political scientists, historians, or legal professionals. Always refer to official sources for definitive information.

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Mountain Province: A Cartographic Chronicle of Representation

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Introduction ℹ️

🏛️ Legislative Framework

🗺️ Evolving Boundaries

Historical Evolution of Representation 📜

⏳ Undivided Mountain Province (1908–1966)

➡️ Reduced Mountain Province (1966–Present)

Defunct Legislative Districts 📍

1️⃣ 1st District (Defunct)

2️⃣ 2nd District (Defunct)

3️⃣ 3rd District (Defunct)

🌍 At-Large Districts (Defunct)

1917–1935 (Appointed Representatives)

1943–1944 (Second Philippine Republic)

1984–1986 (Regular Batasang Pambansa)

Current Representation 🗳️

📍 Lone District

Related Information 🔗

🗂️ See Also

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

Legislative Framework

Evolving Boundaries

Historical Evolution of Representation

Undivided Mountain Province (1908–1966)

Reduced Mountain Province (1966–Present)

Defunct Legislative Districts

1st District (Defunct)

2nd District (Defunct)

3rd District (Defunct)

At-Large Districts (Defunct)

Current Representation

Lone District

Related Information

See Also

Teacher's Corner

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References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice