What makes the bird species found in the Torres Strait Islands particularly noteworthy for birdwatchers?

The birds of the Torres Strait Islands are of significant interest to Australian birders because these islands serve as a habitat and stopover point for bird species that are also found in New Guinea. This geographical overlap highlights the unique avian biodiversity of the region, bridging two major biogeographical areas.

What are the primary challenges and requirements for accessing the Torres Strait Islands for birdwatching?

Accessing the Torres Strait Islands is not straightforward, as it requires permission from the respective island councils. Birdwatchers typically arrange visits through pre-organized trips using chartered yachts or light aircraft, as independent access is difficult.

What taxonomic framework and nomenclature conventions are used for the list of birds in the Torres Strait Islands?

The taxonomic treatment, including the order, family, and species classification, as well as their common and scientific names, adheres to the conventions established in The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, specifically the 2022 edition. This ensures a standardized and scientifically recognized approach to cataloging the avian species.

What do the tags (A) and (I) signify in the context of bird species listed for the Torres Strait Islands?

The tag (A) indicates that a species is considered accidental, meaning it rarely or only occasionally occurs within the Torres Strait Islands. The tag (I) signifies that a species is introduced, meaning it has become established as a result of human activities.

To which order and family do the Southern cassowary and Emu belong, and what are their general characteristics?

Both the Southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) and the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) belong to the order Struthioniformes and the family Casuariidae. These are large, flightless birds native to Australia and New Guinea.

What is unique about the magpie goose's evolutionary position within the anseriform family tree?

The magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata) represents an early and distinct offshoot of the anseriform family tree. It diverged after the screamers and before all other ducks, geese, and swans, with this divergence estimated to have occurred in the late Cretaceous period.

What are the defining adaptations of birds in the Anatidae family for an aquatic existence?

Birds in the Anatidae family, which includes ducks, geese, and swans, are adapted for aquatic life with features such as webbed feet for efficient swimming, flattened bills suitable for foraging in water, and water-repellent feathers that are kept waterproof by an oily coating. These adaptations allow them to thrive in aquatic environments.

What are the common physical characteristics of megapodes (family Megapodiidae)?

Megapodes are typically stocky, medium to large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. Most species inhabit jungle environments, and their plumage is generally brown or black.

How are grebes characterized in terms of their physical adaptations and locomotion?

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds distinguished by their lobed toes, which make them excellent swimmers and divers. However, their feet are positioned far back on their bodies, resulting in awkwardness when on land.

Describe the typical physical features of pigeons and doves in the Columbidae family.

Pigeons and doves are characterized by stout bodies, short necks, and short, slender bills that feature a fleshy cere. These birds are found worldwide and are known for their varied diets, often including seeds and fruits.

What are the typical habitats and behaviors of bustards?

Bustards are large terrestrial birds primarily found in dry, open country and steppes. They are omnivorous, nesting on the ground, and are characterized by steady walking on strong legs and large toes, as well as distinctive flight patterns and mating displays.

What are the general characteristics of the Cuculidae family, and what is a notable behavior of Old World cuckoos?

The Cuculidae family includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis, which are birds of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. A significant characteristic of the Old World cuckoos within this family is their behavior as brood parasites, meaning they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.

What distinctive physical features give frogmouths their name, and what is their primary diet?

Frogmouths are named for their large, flattened, hooked bills and their huge, frog-like gape. They are nocturnal birds related to nightjars and use this wide mouth to capture insects, which form their primary diet.

Describe the typical physical attributes and nesting habits of nightjars.

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds characterized by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They typically nest on the ground, and their soft, camouflaged plumage helps them blend in with bark or leaves, providing effective concealment.

What are the key adaptations of swifts that allow them to spend most of their lives in the air?

Swifts are adapted for an almost entirely aerial existence with very short legs, which means they rarely land on the ground, preferring to perch on vertical surfaces. They possess long, swept-back wings, often described as crescent or boomerang-shaped, enabling agile flight.

What are the common characteristics and habitats of birds in the Rallidae family?

Birds in the Rallidae family, including rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules, are typically small to medium-sized. They usually inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near water bodies like lakes, swamps, or rivers. These birds are often shy and secretive, possessing strong legs and long toes adapted for soft ground, though they are generally weak fliers.

How do cranes differ from herons in flight, and what is a notable aspect of their social behavior?

Cranes, unlike herons, fly with their necks extended straight forward, rather than pulled back. Many crane species are known for their elaborate and noisy courtship displays, often referred to as dances.

What are the defining physical characteristics of the Recurvirostridae family, which includes avocets and stilts?

The Recurvirostridae family comprises large wading birds. Avocets are distinguished by their long legs and long, up-curved bills, while stilts are characterized by extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

What is the primary tool used by oystercatchers, and how do they use it?

Oystercatchers are large, noisy birds with strong bills that they use for smashing or prying open the shells of molluscs, which form a significant part of their diet. Their robust bills are adapted for this specialized feeding method.

What are the common physical traits and preferred habitats of birds in the Charadriidae family?

Birds in the Charadriidae family, including plovers, dotterels, and lapwings, are typically small to medium-sized with compact bodies, short necks, and long, pointed wings. They are found in open country worldwide, often in habitats close to water.

What unique physical adaptation allows jacanas to inhabit their preferred environment?

Jacanas possess huge feet and claws that enable them to walk on floating vegetation found in the shallow lakes and wetlands that constitute their preferred habitat. This adaptation is key to their foraging and movement in these environments.

How does the Scolopacidae family utilize leg and bill length variations among its species?

Within the Scolopacidae family, variations in leg and bill length allow multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly along coastlines, without directly competing for food resources. This specialization maximizes foraging efficiency within shared environments.

What are the general physical characteristics and migratory patterns of birds in the Stercorariidae family?

Skuas and jaegers, belonging to the Stercorariidae family, are typically medium to large birds with grey or brown plumage, often featuring white wing markings. They nest in temperate and arctic regions and are known for undertaking long-distance migrations.

What are the typical plumage colors and feeding behaviors of gulls and terns?

Gulls, part of the Laridae family, are usually grey or white, often with black markings on their heads or wings, and possess stout bills and webbed feet. Terns, also in Laridae, generally have grey or white plumage with potential black head markings, and while most dive for fish, some capture insects from the water's surface.

What are the defining features of tropicbirds, and where are they typically found?

Tropicbirds are slender, white seabirds found over tropical oceans. They are distinguished by exceptionally long central tail feathers and have black markings on their heads and long wings.

What do southern storm-petrels feed on, and how is their flight described?

Southern storm-petrels, which are relatives of petrels and among the smallest seabirds, feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish skimmed from the water's surface. Their flight is often described as fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

What are the defining characteristics of the Procellariidae family?

The Procellariidae family comprises the main group of medium-sized true petrels. They are characterized by united nostrils with a medium septum and possess a long outer functional primary feather.

What are the common physical attributes of storks, and how do they communicate?

Storks are large wading birds with long legs, long necks, and long, stout bills. While they are mute, they use bill-clattering as a significant form of communication, especially at their nests.

What makes frigatebirds unique in terms of their aerial capabilities and physical adaptations?

Frigatebirds are large seabirds with the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, allowing them to stay airborne for extended periods, sometimes over a week. They are essentially aerial creatures, unable to swim or walk effectively, and males possess inflatable, colored throat pouches.

What is the shared characteristic of both gannets and boobies within the Sulidae family?

Both gannets and boobies, which belong to the Sulidae family, are medium to large coastal seabirds that share the behavior of plunge-diving to catch fish. This hunting technique is a key adaptation for their marine lifestyle.

Why are anhingas sometimes referred to as snake-birds?

Anhingas are often called snake-birds due to their long, slender necks, which create a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged beneath the water's surface. This distinctive look is a result of their unique hunting and swimming style.

What is the most distinctive physical feature of pelicans?

Pelicans are large water birds easily identified by a distinctive pouch located under their beak. This pouch is used for scooping up prey and draining water before swallowing.

How do herons, egrets, and bitterns differ in their neck posture during flight compared to storks and ibises?

Herons, egrets, and bitterns, belonging to the Ardeidae family, fly with their necks retracted or pulled back. In contrast, birds like storks, ibises, and spoonbills fly with their necks extended.

What are the shared characteristics of ibises and spoonbills in the Threskiornithidae family regarding flight and wing structure?

Members of the Threskiornithidae family, including ibises and spoonbills, possess long, broad wings with numerous primary and secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and capable soarers, despite their size and weight.

What is unique about the Pandionidae family, and what is the primary diet of the osprey?

The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the osprey (Pandion haliaetus). The osprey is a medium-large raptor that specializes in eating fish, a diet it pursues worldwide.

How do birds of prey in the Accipitridae family kill their prey, and what are their key physical attributes?

Birds of prey in the Accipitridae family, such as hawks, eagles, and kites, kill their prey using their powerful talons. They are characterized by strong, hooked beaks for tearing flesh, strong legs, and keen eyesight.

What are the defining facial and leg characteristics of barn-owls (Tytonidae family)?

Barn-owls are medium to large owls distinguished by their large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They also possess long, strong legs equipped with powerful talons.

What are the typical characteristics of typical owls (Strigidae family) regarding their senses and appearance?

Typical owls are solitary, nocturnal birds of prey that are small to large in size. They are recognized by their large, forward-facing eyes, which enhance their night vision, and a distinctive circle of feathers around each eye known as a facial disk.

What is the significance of Blyth's hornbill in relation to Australia?

Blyth's hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus) is native to New Guinea and Indonesia. Its potential presence on Saibai Island and the Talbot Islands in the Torres Strait would classify it as an accidental species for Australia, making it potentially the country's only hornbill species if confirmed.

What are the common physical features of kingfishers?

Kingfishers are generally medium-sized birds characterized by large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. These features are adapted for their hunting style, often involving diving for fish or insects.

What are the defining physical characteristics of bee-eaters, and where are they primarily found?

Bee-eaters are near passerine birds known for their richly colored plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. They possess long, downturned bills and pointed wings, giving them a swallow-like appearance in flight. While most species are found in Africa, others inhabit southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea.

How do rollers compare to kingfishers and bee-eaters in terms of appearance and relation?

Rollers are similar in size and build to crows but are more closely related to kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the vibrant coloration of these groups, with predominant blues and browns, and have a unique toe arrangement where the two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

How do falcons and caracaras differ from hawks and eagles in their method of killing prey?

Falconidae birds, which include falcons and caracaras, kill their prey using their beaks rather than their talons. This is a key distinction in their predatory techniques compared to other birds of prey like hawks and eagles.

What are the defining features of cockatoos that distinguish them from other parrots?

Cockatoos share the characteristic curved beak and zygodactyl foot (two toes forward, two back) common to parrots. However, they are distinguished by features such as their often spectacular, movable head crests.

What are the common structural characteristics of parrots, and what is the geographical distribution of Old World parrots?

Parrots are characterized by a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and zygodactyl feet. Old World parrots are found geographically from Africa eastward across south and southeast Asia, Oceania, and extending to Australia and New Zealand.

What is the primary reason for the striking plumage of male birds-of-paradise?

The striking plumage, particularly the elaborate feathers on the tail, wings, or head, found in most male birds-of-paradise is used in courtship displays to attract females. This visual display is crucial for their reproductive success.

How do monarch flycatchers typically hunt for their food?

Monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines that hunt by flycatching. This involves catching insects in mid-air, often by sallying out from a perch.

What are the general size and intelligence characteristics of corvids?

Corvids, which include crows, jays, and magpies, are generally larger than average among passerine birds. Some species within this family exhibit notably high levels of intelligence.

What are the typical characteristics of Cisticolidae warblers in terms of size, appearance, and habitat?

Cisticolidae warblers are typically very small birds with a drab brown or grey appearance. They are found mainly in warmer regions of the Old World, preferring open country such as grasslands or scrub.

What are the key adaptations of swallows for aerial feeding?

Swallows are adapted for aerial feeding with slender, streamlined bodies, long pointed wings, and short bills with wide gapes. Their feet are adapted for perching rather than walking, and they catch insects in flight.

List Of Birds Of The Torres Strait Islands Wiki: Avian Tapestry of the Torres Strait: A Biogeographical Ornithological Expedition

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Avian Diversity

The Torres Strait Islands represent a critical biogeographical nexus, hosting a remarkable array of avian species that bridge the distinct avifaunas of Australia and New Guinea. Due to the logistical challenges of comprehensive ornithological surveys in this remote region, the recorded species list likely underestimates the true diversity present. This section details the known birdlife, categorized by taxonomic order and family, as documented in scientific literature.

Struthioniformes

Cassowaries and Emu

These are large, flightless birds, with the Southern Cassowary being native to Australia and New Guinea, and the Emu being endemic to Australia.

Southern Cassowary, Casuarius casuarius
Emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae

Anseriformes

Magpie Goose

A distinctive early offshoot of the anseriform lineage, this species is the sole member of its family.

Magpie goose, Anseranas semipalmata

Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl

This diverse family includes species adapted to aquatic environments, characterized by webbed feet and water-repellent plumage.

Spotted whistling-duck, Dendrocygna guttata
Plumed whistling-duck, Dendrocygna eytoni
Wandering whistling-duck, Dendrocygna arcuata
Black swan, Cygnus atratus
Radjah shelduck, Radjah radjah
Green pygmy-goose, Nettapus pulchellus
Garganey, Spatula querquedula
Pacific black duck, Anas superciliosa
Gray teal, Anas gracilis
Chestnut teal, Anas castanea
Pink-eared duck, Malacorhynchus membranaceus
Hardhead, Aythya australis

Galliformes

Megapodes

These are stocky, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet, primarily inhabiting jungle environments.

Yellow-legged brushturkey, Talegalla fuscirostris
Australian brushturkey, Alectura lathami
Orange-footed scrubfowl, Megapodius reinwardt

Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies

A family of terrestrial birds, generally plump with broad wings, found in various habitats.

Brown quail, Synoicus ypsilophorus
Blue-breasted quail, Synoicus chinensis

Podicipediformes

Grebes

Small to medium-sized freshwater diving birds, characterized by lobed toes and a preference for aquatic habitats.

Australasian grebe, Tachybaptus novaehollandiae

Columbiformes

Pigeons and Doves

These birds are characterized by stout bodies, short necks, and slender bills, with a wide distribution across the islands.

Rock pigeon, Columba livia
Amboyna cuckoo-dove, Macropygia amboinensis
Brown cuckoo-dove, Macropygia phasianella
Asian emerald dove, Chalcophaps longirostris
Pacific emerald dove, Chalcophaps longirostris
Stephan's dove, Chalcophaps stephani
New Guinea bronzewing, Henicophaps albifrons
Diamond dove, Geopelia cuneata
Peaceful dove, Geopelia striata
Bar-shouldered dove, Geopelia humeralis
Cinnamon ground dove, Gallicolumba rufigula
Thick-billed ground-pigeon, Trugon terrestris
Sclater's crowned-pigeon, Goura sclaterii
Wompoo fruit-dove, Ptilinopus magnificus
Pink-spotted fruit-dove, Ptilinopus perlatus
Orange-fronted fruit-dove, Ptilinopus aurantiifrons
Superb fruit-dove, Ptilinopus superbus
Rose-crowned fruit-dove, Ptilinopus regina
Coroneted fruit-dove, Ptilinopus coronulatus
Orange-bellied fruit-dove, Ptilinopus iozonus
Pacific imperial-pigeon, Ducula pacifica
Purple-tailed imperial-pigeon, Ducula rufigaster
Island imperial-pigeon, Ducula pistrinaria
Pinon's imperial-pigeon, Ducula pinon
Collared imperial-pigeon, Ducula mullerii
Zoe's imperial-pigeon, Ducula zoeae
Pied imperial-pigeon, Ducula bicolor
Torresian imperial-pigeon, Ducula spilorrhoa
Topknot pigeon, Lopholaimus antarcticus

Otidiformes

Bustards

Large terrestrial birds typically found in open country, known for their strong legs and distinctive flight patterns.

Australian bustard, Ardeotis australis

Cuculiformes

Cuckoos

This family includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis, often characterized by slender bodies and long tails. Some species are known brood parasites.

Greater black coucal, Centropus menbeki
Lesser black coucal, Centropus bernsteini
Pheasant coucal, Centropus phasianinus
Dwarf koel, Microdynamis parva
Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus
Pacific koel, Eudynamys orientalis
Channel-billed cuckoo, Scythrops novaehollandiae
Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx basalis
Black-eared cuckoo, Chrysococcyx osculans
Shining bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx lucidus
Little bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx minutillus
Pallid cuckoo, Cacomantis pallidus
Chestnut-breasted cuckoo, Cacomantis castaneiventris
Fan-tailed cuckoo, Cacomantis flabelliformis
Brush cuckoo, Cacomantis variolosus
Himalayan cuckoo, Cuculus saturatus
Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus

Caprimulgiformes

Frogmouths

Nocturnal birds related to nightjars, distinguished by their large, flattened, frog-like gape used for capturing insects.

Tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides
Marbled frogmouth, Podargus ocellatus
Papuan frogmouth, Podargus papuensis

Nightjars and Allies

Medium-sized nocturnal birds with long wings and short bills, known for their cryptic plumage and aerial insectivory.

Spotted nightjar, Eurostopodus argus
White-throated nightjar, Eurostopodus mystacalis
Papuan nightjar, Eurostopodus papuensis
Large-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus macrurus

Owlet-nightjars

Small nocturnal birds, relatives of nightjars and frogmouths, that are primarily aerial insectivores.

Australian owlet-nightjar, Aegotheles cristatus
Barred owlet-nightjar, Aegotheles bennettii

Apodiformes

Swifts

Small birds that spend most of their lives in flight, characterized by long, swept-back wings and short legs, rarely landing except on vertical surfaces.

Papuan spinetailed swift, Mearnsia novaeguineae
White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
Glossy swiftlet, Collocalia esculenta
Australian swiftlet, Aerodramus terraereginae
Uniform swiftlet, Aerodramus vanikorensis
Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
House swift, Apus nipalensis (I) Introduced

Gruiformes

Rails, Gallinules, and Coots

A family of typically shy, secretive birds inhabiting dense vegetation near water, possessing strong legs and adapted for soft terrain.

Bare-eyed rail, Gymnocrex plumbeiventris
Chestnut rail, Gallirallus castaneoventris
Buff-banded rail, Gallirallus philippensis
Dusky moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa
Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
Australasian swamphen, Porphyrio melanotus
Pale-vented bush-hen, Amaurornis moluccana
White-browed crake, Poliolimnas cinereus
Red-necked crake, Rallina tricolor
Spotless crake, Zapornia tabuensis

Cranes

Large birds with long legs and necks, known for their distinctive courtship displays and flying with necks outstretched.

Brolga, Antigone rubicunda

Charadriiformes

Thick-knees

Wading birds found in tropical and arid habitats, characterized by strong bills, large eyes, and cryptic plumage.

Bush thick-knee, Burhinus grallarius
Beach thick-knee, Esacus magnirostris

Stilts and Avocets

Large wading birds with long legs; stilts have thin, straight bills, while avocets possess distinct up-curved bills.

Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus

Oystercatchers

Large, noisy plover-like birds with strong bills adapted for feeding on molluscs.

Pied oystercatcher, Haematopus longirostris
Sooty oystercatcher, Haematopus fuliginosus

Plovers and Lapwings

Compact birds of open country, typically with pointed wings, found near water bodies.

Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
Masked lapwing, Vanellus miles
Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
Double-banded plover, Charadrius bicinctus
Red-capped plover, Charadrius ruficapillus
Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus
Red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus
Black-fronted dotterel, Elseyornis melanops

Jacanas

Tropical waders recognized by their large feet and claws, enabling them to walk on floating vegetation.

Comb-crested jacana, Irediparra gallinacea

Sandpipers and Allies

A diverse family of shorebirds feeding on invertebrates, with varied leg and bill lengths optimizing foraging in coastal and wetland habitats.

Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Little curlew, Numenius minutus
Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
Red knot, Calidris canutus
Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus (A) Accidental
Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes
Wandering tattler, Tringa incana
Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
Common redshank, Tringa totanus (A) Accidental

Buttonquail

Small, drab birds resembling true quails, with females being more brightly colored and initiating courtship.

Red-backed buttonquail, Turnix maculosa
Red-chested buttonquail, Turnix pyrrhothorax

Pratincoles and Coursers

Wading birds; pratincoles have short legs and long, forked tails, while coursers possess long legs and pointed bills.

Australian pratincole, Stiltia isabella
Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum

Skuas and Jaegers

Medium to large seabirds, typically grey or brown, known for their migratory habits and nesting in temperate and arctic regions.

Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus

Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers

Medium to large seabirds, including gulls with stout bills and terns known for their diving prowess. Many species exhibit long lifespans.

Silver gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A) Accidental
Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
Black noddy, Anous minutus
Lesser noddy, Anous tenuirostris
White tern, Gygis alba
Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
Gray-backed tern, Onychoprion lunatus (A) Accidental
Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
Little tern, Sternula albifrons
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana
Common tern, Sterna hirundo
Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis

Phaethontiformes

Tropicbirds

Slender white seabirds of tropical oceans, distinguished by exceptionally long central tail feathers and black markings on their heads and wings.

White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus
Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda

Procellariiformes

Southern Storm-Petrels

The smallest seabirds, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish, exhibiting a fluttering, bat-like flight pattern.

Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus
White-faced storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina
White-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta grallaria
Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica

Shearwaters and Petrels

Medium-sized seabirds characterized by united nostrils and long outer primary feathers, adapted for long-distance oceanic life.

Kermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta
Gould's petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera
Antarctic prion, Pachyptila turtur
Tahiti petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata
Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes
Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus
Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris
Little shearwater, Puffinus assimilis
Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis
Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni

Ciconiiformes

Storks

Large wading birds with long legs, necks, and stout bills, known for their distinctive bill-clattering communication and large, reusable nests.

Black-necked stork, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus

Suliformes

Frigatebirds

Large, predominantly black seabirds of tropical oceans, possessing the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio, enabling extended aerial endurance.

Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel
Great frigatebird, Fregata minor

Boobies and Gannets

Coastal seabirds adapted for plunge-diving to catch fish, exhibiting medium to large sizes and varied plumage.

Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
Red-footed booby, Sula sula

Anhingas

Known as "snake-birds" due to their long necks, these birds submerge their bodies while swimming, leaving only the neck visible.

Australasian darter, Anhinga novaehollandiae

Cormorants and Shags

Fish-eating seabirds with plumage ranging from dark to black-and-white, adapted for diving and swimming.

Little pied cormorant, Microcarbo melanoleucos
Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
Little black cormorant, Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
Pied cormorant, Phalacrocorax varius

Pelecaniformes

Pelicans

Large water birds distinguished by a distinctive pouch beneath their beak, possessing webbed feet with four toes.

Australian pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus

Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns

Medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns are typically shorter-necked and more elusive. They retract their necks during flight.

Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
Black-backed bittern, Ixobrychus dubius
Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis
Forest bittern, Zonerodius heliosylus
Pacific heron, Ardea pacifica
Great-billed heron, Ardea sumatrana
Great egret, Ardea alba
Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
White-faced heron, Egretta novaehollandiae
Little egret, Egretta garzetta
Pacific reef-heron, Egretta sacra
Pied heron, Egretta picata
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
Striated heron, Butorides striata
Nankeen night-heron, Nycticorax caledonicus

Ibises and Spoonbills

Terrestrial and wading birds with long wings, capable of soaring. Ibises have down-curved bills, while spoonbills have flattened bills.

Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
Australian ibis, Threskiornis moluccus
Straw-necked ibis, Threskiornis spinicollis
Royal spoonbill, Platalea regia
Yellow-billed spoonbill, Platalea flavipes

Accipitriformes

Osprey

A medium-large raptor specializing in fish consumption, exhibiting a worldwide distribution.

Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, Eagles, and Kites

Birds of prey characterized by powerful hooked beaks, strong talons, and keen eyesight, adapted for hunting.

Black-shouldered kite, Elanus axillaris
Black-breasted kite, Hamirostra melanosternon
Long-tailed honey-buzzard, Henicopernis longicauda
Square-tailed kite, Lophoictinia isura
Pacific baza, Aviceda subcristata
New Guinea eagle, Harpyopsis novaeguineae
Little eagle, Hieraaetus morphnoides
Pygmy eagle, Hieraaetus weiskei
Gurney's eagle, Aquila gurneyi
Wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax
Papuan marsh-harrier, Circus spilothorax
Swamp harrier, Circus approximans
Spotted harrier, Circus assimilis
Variable goshawk, Accipiter hiogaster
Gray goshawk, Accipiter novaehollandiae
Brown goshawk, Accipiter fasciatus
Collared sparrowhawk, Accipiter cirrocephalus
Doria's goshawk, Megatriorchis doriae
Black kite, Milvus migrans
Whistling kite, Haliastur sphenurus
Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus
White-bellied sea-eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster

Strigiformes

Barn-Owls

Medium to large owls characterized by heart-shaped facial disks and strong legs with powerful talons.

Sooty owl, Tyto tenebricosa
Australian masked-owl, Tyto novaehollandiae
Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris
Barn owl, Tyto alba

Owls

Small to large solitary nocturnal raptors with large forward-facing eyes and ears, and distinctive facial disks.

Rufous owl, Ninox rufa
Barking owl, Ninox connivens
Southern boobook, Ninox boobook
Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae

Bucerotiformes

Hornbills

Birds with distinctive, often brightly colored bills shaped like a cow's horn, sometimes featuring a casque.

Blyth's hornbill, Rhyticeros plicatus: Native to New Guinea and Indonesia, potentially found on Saibai and Talbot Islands, representing Australia's only hornbill species if recorded.

Coraciiformes

Kingfishers

Medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails, exhibiting vibrant plumage.

Azure kingfisher, Ceyx azureus
Little kingfisher, Ceyx pusillus
Papuan dwarf-kingfisher, Ceyx pusillus
Laughing kookaburra, Dacelo novaeguineae
Blue-winged kookaburra, Dacelo leachii
Rufous-bellied kookaburra, Dacelo gaudichaud
Red-backed kingfisher, Todiramphus pyrrhopygius
Blue-black kingfisher, Todiramphus nigrocyaneus
Forest kingfisher, Todiramphus macleayii
Torresian kingfisher, Todiramphus sordidus
Sacred kingfisher, Todiramphus sanctus
Collared kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris
Hook-billed kingfisher, Melidora macrorrhina
Yellow-billed kingfisher, Syma torotoro
Common paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera galatea
Little paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera hydrocharis (A) Accidental
Buff-breasted paradise-kingfisher, Tanysiptera sylvia

Bee-eaters

Colorful passerine birds with slender bodies and pointed wings, known for their aerial insectivory and often elaborate tail feathers.

Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus
Rainbow bee-eater, Merops ornatus

Rollers

Birds resembling crows in size but related to kingfishers and bee-eaters, characterized by colorful plumage and partially connected front toes.

Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis

Falconiformes

Falcons and Caracaras

Diurnal birds of prey that kill prey with their beaks, differing from hawks and eagles in this predatory mechanism.

Nankeen kestrel, Falco cenchroides
Oriental hobby, Falco severus
Australian hobby, Falco longipennis
Brown falcon, Falco berigora
Black falcon, Falco subniger
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

Psittaciformes

Cockatoos

Parrots distinguished by their characteristic curved beaks, zygodactyl feet, and often spectacular, movable headcrests.

Palm cockatoo, Probosciger aterrimus
Red-tailed black-cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus banksii
Sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua galerita

Old World Parrots

Parrots found from Africa to Australasia, characterized by strong curved bills, upright stances, and zygodactyl feet. Plumage varies widely.

Red-winged parrot, Aprosmictus erythropterus
Eclectus parrot, Eclectus roratus
Red-cheeked parrot, Geoffroyus geoffroyi
Pale-headed rosella, Platycercus adscitus
Orange-breasted fig-parrot, Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii
Double-eyed fig-parrot, Cyclopsitta diophthalma
Large fig-parrot, Psittaculirostris desmarestii
Red-flanked lorikeet, Charmosyna placentis
Yellow-streaked lory, Chalcopsitta scintillata
Black-capped lory, Lorius lory
Dusky lory, Pseudeos fuscata
Coconut lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus
Rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus moluccanus
Scaly-breasted lorikeet, Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus

Passeriformes

This order represents the vast majority of bird species, commonly known as perching birds or songbirds. Their diversity in the Torres Strait Islands is extensive, reflecting a rich tapestry of ecological adaptations.

Pittas

Stocky passerines with strong legs, short tails, and stout bills, often brightly colored and ground-dwelling insectivores.

Papuan pitta, Erythropitta macklotii
Hooded pitta, Pitta sordida
Noisy pitta, Pitta versicolor

Bowerbirds

Known for the males' elaborate bowers constructed to attract mates, these birds exhibit diverse plumage and behaviors.

Black-capped catbird, Ailuroedus melanocephalus
Great bowerbird, Chlamydera nuchalis
Fawn-breasted bowerbird, Chlamydera cerviniventris

Australasian Treecreepers

Small to medium-sized passerines endemic to Australia and New Guinea, characterized by mostly brown plumage and ground-feeding habits.

Brown treecreeper, Climacteris picumnus

Fairywrens

Small, insectivorous passerines endemic to Australia and New Guinea, known for their social monogamy and promiscuous mating systems.

Wallace's fairywren, Sipodotus wallacii
Lovely fairywren, Malurus amabilis
Red-backed fairywren, Malurus melanocephalus
Emperor fairywren, Malurus cyanocephalus
White-shouldered fairywren, Malurus alboscapulatus

Honeyeaters

A diverse family of nectar feeders, predominantly found in Australia and New Guinea, exhibiting varied plumage and feeding strategies.

Streak-headed honeyeater, Pycnopygius stictocephalus
Puff-backed honeyeater, Meliphaga aruensis
Yellow-spotted honeyeater, Meliphaga notata
Mimic honeyeater, Microptilotis analogus
Yellow-gaped honeyeater, Microptilotis flavirictus
Graceful honeyeater, Microptilotis gracilis
Yellow honeyeater, Stomiopera flava
White-gaped honeyeater, Stomiopera unicolor
Yellow-throated miner, Manorina flavigula
Varied honeyeater, Gavicalis versicolor
Brown-backed honeyeater, Ramsayornis modestus
Bar-breasted honeyeater, Ramsayornis fasciatus
Rufous-banded honeyeater, Conopophila albogularis
Rufous-throated honeyeater, Conopophila rufogularis
Long-billed honeyeater, Melilestes megarhynchus
Ruby-throated myzomela, Myzomela eques
Dusky myzomela, Myzomela obscura
Papuan black myzomela, Myzomela nigrita
Red-headed myzomela, Myzomela erythrocephala
Scarlet myzomela, Myzomela sanguinolenta
Green-backed honeyeater, Glycichaera fallax
Banded honeyeater, Cissomela pectoralis
Brown honeyeater, Lichmera indistincta
White-streaked honeyeater, Trichodere cockerelli
Blue-faced honeyeater, Entomyzon cyanotis
White-throated honeyeater, Melithreptus albogularis
Tawny-breasted honeyeater, Xanthotis flaviventer
Spotted honeyeater, Xanthotis polygrammus
Little friarbird, Philemon citreogularis
Helmeted friarbird, Philemon buceroides
Silver-crowned friarbird, Philemon argenticeps
Noisy friarbird, Philemon corniculatus

Pardalotes

Small passerines that forage high in trees, feeding on insects and lerps (sap-sucking insects).

Red-browed pardalote, Pardalotus rubricatus
Striated pardalote, Pardalotus striatus

Thornbills and Allies

Small passerine birds, similar in habits to tits, found in diverse wooded habitats.

Tropical scrubwren, Sericornis beccarii
Large scrubwren, Sericornis nouhuysi
Weebill, Smicrornis brevirostris
Green-backed gerygone, Gerygone chloronota
Fairy gerygone, Gerygone palpebrosa
Yellow-bellied gerygone, Gerygone chrysogaster
White-throated gerygone, Gerygone olivacea
Large-billed gerygone, Gerygone magnirostris
Mangrove gerygone, Gerygone levigaster

Pseudo-babblers

Small to medium-sized passerines endemic to Australia and New Guinea, characterized by their highly social and ground-feeding omnivorous nature.

Papuan babbler, Pomatostomus isidorei
Gray-crowned babbler, Pomatostomus temporalis

Quail-thrushes and Jewel-babblers

A family containing species known for their distinctive plumage and ground-dwelling habits.

Painted quail-thrush, Cinclosoma ajax

Cuckooshrikes

Small to medium-sized passerines, predominantly greyish with black and white markings, some species exhibiting brighter coloration.

Barred cuckooshrike, Coracina lineata
Boyer's cuckooshrike, Coracina boyeri
Black-faced cuckooshrike, Coracina novaehollandiae
White-bellied cuckooshrike, Coracina papuensis
White-winged triller, Lalage sueurii
Varied triller, Lalage leucomela
Common cicadabird, Edolisoma tenuirostre
Black cicadabird, Edolisoma melas

Sittellas

Small passerine birds endemic to Australasia, resembling treecreepers but possessing soft tails.

Papuan sittella, Daphoenositta papuensis
Varied sittella, Daphoenositta chrysoptera

Whistlers and Allies

A family including whistlers, shrikethrushes, and pitohuis, occupying diverse wooded habitats.

Rusty pitohui, Pseudorectes ferrugineus
Gray shrikethrush, Colluricincla harmonica
Little shrikethrush, Colluricincla megarhyncha
Baliem whistler, Pachycephala balim
Black-tailed whistler, Pachycephala melanura
Gray whistler, Pachycephala simplex
Rufous whistler, Pachycephala rufiventris
White-breasted whistler, Pachycephala lanioides

Old World Orioles

Colorful passerine birds, distinct from New World orioles, found across Eurasia and Australasia.

Brown oriole, Oriolus szalayi
Olive-backed oriole, Oriolus sagittatus
Green oriole, Oriolus flavocinctus
Australasian figbird, Sphecotheres vieilloti

Boatbills

Passerines with affinities to woodswallows and butcherbirds, distributed across New Guinea and northern Queensland.

Yellow-breasted boatbill, Machaerirhynchus flaviventer

Woodswallows, Bellmagpies, and Allies

Includes soft-plumaged woodswallows and the more corvid-like cracticids (currawongs, bellmagpies, butcherbirds), all generally omnivorous.

White-breasted woodswallow, Artamus leucorynchus
White-browed woodswallow, Artamus superciliosus
Black-faced woodswallow, Artamus cinereus
Little woodswallow, Artamus minor
Black-backed butcherbird, Cracticus mentalis
Pied butcherbird, Cracticus nigrogularis
Hooded butcherbird, Cracticus cassicus
Black butcherbird, Cracticus quoyi
Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen
Pied currawong, Strepera graculina

Fantails

Small, insectivorous passerines known for their distinctive fanned tails and aerial hunting techniques.

Northern fantail, Rhipidura rufiventris
Black thicket-fantail, Rhipidura maculipectus
Willie wagtail, Rhipidura leucophrys
Rufous fantail, Rhipidura rufifrons
Arafura fantail, Rhipidura dryas
Gray fantail, Rhipidura albiscapa
Mangrove fantail, Rhipidura phasiana

Drongos

Mostly black passerines with forked tails, known for their upright perching posture and flycatching behavior.

Spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus

Birds-of-Paradise

Renowned for the males' striking plumage and elaborate courtship displays, featuring elongated and decorative feathers.

Trumpet manucode, Phonygammus keraudrenii
Glossy-mantled manucode, Manucodia ater
Raggiana bird-of-paradise, Paradisaea raggiana
Magnificent riflebird, Ptiloris magnificus

Monarch Flycatchers

Small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines that hunt by flycatching, exhibiting diverse plumage patterns.

Golden monarch, Carterornis chrysomela
Black-faced monarch, Monarcha melanopsis
Black-winged monarch, Monarcha frater
Spectacled monarch, Symposiachrus trivirgatus
Spot-winged monarch, Symposiachrus guttula
Frilled monarch, Arses telescopthalmus
Frill-necked monarch, Arses lorealis
Magpie-lark, Grallina cyanoleuca
Leaden flycatcher, Myiagra rubecula
Broad-billed flycatcher, Myiagra ruficollis
Satin flycatcher, Myiagra cyanoleuca
Restless flycatcher, Myiagra inquieta
Paperbark flycatcher, Myiagra nana
Shining flycatcher, Myiagra alecto

Crows, Jays, and Magpies

Intelligent passerines, typically larger than average, with strong, straight bills and varied plumage.

Torresian crow, Corvus orru

Berrypeckers and Longbills

Medium-sized birds feeding on fruit and insects, characterized by drab plumage and resembling honeyeaters or sunbirds.

Pygmy longbill, Oedistoma pygmaeum

Australasian Robins

Small passerines occupying diverse wooded habitats, primarily insectivorous, with stocky builds and rounded wingtips.

Lemon-bellied flycatcher, Microeca flavigaster
Yellow-legged flycatcher, Microeca griseoceps
Olive flyrobin, Microeca flavovirescens
White-faced robin, Tregellasia leucops
Mangrove robin, Eopsaltria pulverulenta
White-browed robin, Poecilodryas superciliosa
Northern scrub-robin, Drymodes superciliaris
Papuan scrub-robin, Drymodes beccarii

Larks

Small terrestrial birds known for elaborate songs and display flights, primarily feeding on insects and seeds.

Horsfield's bushlark, Mirafra javanica

Cisticolas and Allies

Small passerines found in warmer regions, typically inhabiting grasslands and scrub, characterized by drab coloration.

Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
Golden-headed cisticola, Cisticola exilis

Reed Warblers and Allies

Larger warblers, often found in reedbeds or open woodland, with predominantly olivaceous brown plumage.

Australian reed warbler, Acrocephalus australis

Grassbirds and Allies

Small insectivorous songbirds with typically long, pointed tails and drab brownish or buffy plumage.

Tawny grassbird, Cincloramphus timoriensis
Gray's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes fasciolatus

Swallows

Aerial insectivores with streamlined bodies, long pointed wings, and short bills with wide gapes, adapted for constant flight.

Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Welcome swallow, Hirundo neoxena
Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitica
Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
Fairy martin, Petrochelidon ariel
Tree martin, Petrochelidon nigricans

White-eyes, Yuhinas, and Allies

Small passerines, many featuring a white eye-ring, feeding on nectar and insects, found across Eurasia and Australasia.

Lemon-bellied white-eye, Zosterops chloris
Ashy-bellied white-eye, Zosterops citrinella
Australian yellow white-eye, Zosterops luteus
New Guinea white-eye, Zosterops novaeguineae
Silvereye, Zosterops lateralis

Starlings

Gregarious passerines with strong, direct flight, preferring open country and feeding on insects and fruit. Plumage is often metallic.

Metallic starling, Aplonis metallica
Singing starling, Aplonis cantoroides
Yellow-faced myna, Mino dumontii
Common myna, Acridotheres tristis

Flowerpeckers

Very small, stout passerines with short, thick, curved bills, often brightly colored, feeding on nectar and insects.

Olive-crowned flowerpecker, Dicaeum pectorale
Red-capped flowerpecker, Dicaeum geelvinkianum
Mistletoebird, Dicaeum hirundinaceum

Sunbirds and Spiderhunters

Tiny passerines that primarily feed on nectar, often hovering like hummingbirds, but also consuming insects.

Black sunbird, Leptocoma sericea
Olive-backed sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis

Waxbills and Allies

Small, gregarious seed-eating passerines of the Old World tropics and Australasia, with short, thick bills and varied plumage.

Red-browed firetail, Neochmia temporalis
Crimson finch, Neochmia phaeton
Star finch, Bathilda ruficauda
Double-barred finch, Stizoptera bichenovii
Streak-headed munia, Mayrimunia tristissima
White-spotted munia, Mayrimunia leucosticta
Gray-crowned munia, Lonchura nevermanni
Chestnut-breasted munia, Lonchura castaneothorax

Old World Sparrows

Small, plump passerines, typically brown or grey, adapted as seed eaters but also consuming insects.

House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I) Introduced
Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus (I) Introduced

Wagtails and Pipits

Slender, ground-feeding passerines of open country, characterized by medium to long tails.

Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis
Australian pipit, Anthus australis

Navigating the Islands: Access

Logistical Considerations

Access to the Torres Strait Islands for ornithological observation presents significant logistical challenges. Permission to visit is a prerequisite, requiring authorization from the respective island councils. Prospective visitors typically arrange expeditions via chartered yachts or, less commonly, day trips utilizing chartered light aircraft. Notably, islands such as Saibai and Boigu are equipped with airstrips, potentially facilitating more direct access for organized tours.

Study Resources

Enhancing Your Knowledge

To deepen your understanding of the avian species found in the Torres Strait Islands, utilize the following resources:

Test Your Knowledge

Ornithological Assessment

Assess your comprehension of the Torres Strait Islands' birdlife with our interactive quiz.

Scholarly Sources

Cited Literature

The following references underpin the information presented herein, providing a foundation for further academic inquiry.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "List Of Birds Of The Torres Strait Islands" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about list_of_birds_of_the_torres_strait_islands while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

novi sad

east riding of yorkshire

negev

joystick

human development index

neo-theosophy

energy policy of the barack obama administration

american political science association

heinen s

bomb damage assessment

References

A full list of references for this article are available at the List of birds of the Torres Strait Islands Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice for Learners

This content has been meticulously generated by an Artificial Intelligence, adhering strictly to the provided source material and established academic formatting guidelines. It is intended solely for educational and informational purposes, designed to facilitate a deeper understanding for Master's level students.

This is not professional ornithological or travel advice. The information presented is derived from a specific dataset and may not encompass all nuances or the most current findings. Always consult peer-reviewed scientific literature and expert ornithologists for definitive information and guidance related to field research or travel planning.

The creators of this educational resource are not liable for any inaccuracies, omissions, or actions taken based on the information provided.

Avian Tapestry of the Torres Strait

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Avian Diversity 🐦

Struthioniformes 🦤

🦤 Cassowaries and Emu

Anseriformes 🦆

🦢 Magpie Goose

💧 Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl

Galliformes 🐓

🌳 Megapodes

🌾 Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies

Podicipediformes 🏊

🏊 Grebes

Columbiformes 🕊️

🕊️ Pigeons and Doves

Otidiformes 🦤

🌾 Bustards

Cuculiformes 🦉

🦉 Cuckoos

Caprimulgiformes 🌙

🦉 Frogmouths

🌃 Nightjars and Allies

🦉 Owlet-nightjars

Apodiformes 💨

💨 Swifts

Gruiformes 🏞️

💧 Rails, Gallinules, and Coots

⬆️ Cranes

Charadriiformes 🌊

🦵 Thick-knees

🦵 Stilts and Avocets

💰 Oystercatchers

📍 Plovers and Lapwings

🌿 Jacanas

⏳ Sandpipers and Allies

🌰 Buttonquail

✈️ Pratincoles and Coursers

🦅 Skuas and Jaegers

☁️ Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers

Phaethontiformes ☀️

☀️ Tropicbirds

Procellariiformes 🌊

🌊 Southern Storm-Petrels

💨 Shearwaters and Petrels

Ciconiiformes 🌿

🦢 Storks

Suliformes 🦅

🦅 Frigatebirds

🌊 Boobies and Gannets

🐍 Anhingas

🎣 Cormorants and Shags

Pelecaniformes 🥄

⚪ Pelicans

🌿 Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns

🥄 Ibises and Spoonbills

Accipitriformes 🦅

🎣 Osprey

🦅 Hawks, Eagles, and Kites

Strigiformes 🦉

🦉 Barn-Owls

🦉 Owls

Bucerotiformes 🦤

🦤 Hornbills

Coraciiformes 👑

👑 Kingfishers

🌈 Bee-eaters

⚫ Rollers

Falconiformes ⚡

⚡ Falcons and Caracaras

Psittaciformes 🦜

👑 Cockatoos

🦜 Old World Parrots

Passeriformes 🎶

🌳 Pittas

🎨 Bowerbirds

🌳 Australasian Treecreepers

💙 Fairywrens

🍯 Honeyeaters

⭐ Pardalotes

🌿 Thornbills and Allies