When does the traditional dating of the Norwegian monarchy begin, and what event marks this beginning?

The list of Norwegian monarchs traditionally begins in 872, marked by the Battle of Hafrsfjord. This victory led to King Harald Fairhair merging several petty kingdoms into what would become the Kingdom of Norway.

How long has the Kingdom of Norway continuously existed, and who is the current monarch?

The Kingdom of Norway has existed continuously for over 1,100 years, dating back to its traditional establishment in 872. The current monarch is King Harald V, who ascended to the throne in 1991 and is the 64th monarch on the official list.

What happens during periods of interregnum in Norway's history?

During interregna, periods when there is no reigning monarch, Norway has historically been ruled by regents who held various titles.

What are some of the prominent royal dynasties that have held the Norwegian throne?

Several royal dynasties have held the Throne of Norway, including the Fairhair dynasty (872–970), the House of Sverre (1184–1319), the House of Oldenburg (with various periods from 1450 onwards), and the House of Bernadotte (1818–1905).

What unions has Norway been part of between 1319 and 1905?

Between 1319 and 1905, Norway was part of various unions with neighboring countries. These included the First Swedish–Norwegian union, the Kalmar Union, Denmark–Norway, and Sweden–Norway.

How has the royal style or title of the King of Norway evolved?

Historically, kings used styles like 'His Royal Majesty'. After the introduction of constitutional monarchy in 1814, the style briefly included 'by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Kingdom'. The last king to use the 'by the grace of God' style was Haakon VII. Today, the King's title is formally 'Norway's King' with the style 'His Majesty'.

What do the color codes in the 'Key' table signify regarding Norway's historical periods?

The color codes in the table indicate different historical periods for Norway: 'I' (Independent period) is represented by light blue, 'D' (Union with Denmark) by red, 'S' (Union with Sweden) by yellow, 'DS' (Kalmar Union) by orange, and 'R' signifies an Interregnum or Regency.

Who was Harald I Halfdansson, and what is known about his reign and family?

Harald I Halfdansson, also known as Harald Fairhair, reigned approximately from 872 to 932. He is credited with unifying Norway. He was the son of Halfdan the Black and Ragnhild, and he had at least nine sons.

Who succeeded Harald Fairhair, and what was his reign period?

Eric I Haraldsson, known as Eric Bloodaxe, succeeded Harald Fairhair and reigned approximately from 932 to 934. He was the son of Harald I and Ragnhild Eriksdotter.

Who was Haakon I Haraldsson, and what is notable about his reign?

Haakon I Haraldsson, known as Haakon the Good, reigned approximately from 934 to 960. He was the son of Harald I and Tora Mosterstong. Notably, he never married and had no issue.

Who was Harald II Ericsson, and what was his reign?

Harald II Ericsson, known as Harald Greycloak, reigned approximately from 961 to 970. He was the son of Eric I Bloodaxe and Gunnhild Gormsdóttir and died around 970 in Denmark.

Which Danish king claimed the Norwegian throne after the Battle of Fitjar (c. 961)?

The Danish king Harald Bluetooth claimed the Norwegian throne after the Battle of Fitjar, around 961. He controlled Viken directly and allowed Harald Greycloak to rule the rest of Norway nominally under him.

Who was the de facto ruler of Norway from 970 to 995?

Haakon Sigurdsson, the Earl of Lade, served as the de facto ruler of Norway from approximately 970 to 995. He eventually captured the kingdom from Harald Greycloak.

Who ruled Norway from 995 to 1000, and what was his parentage?

Olaf I Tryggvason ruled Norway from 995 to 1000. He was the son of Tryggve Olafsson and Astrid Eiriksdottir.

Which Danish king recaptured Norway after the Battle of Svolder?

Sweyn Forkbeard, the Danish king, recaptured Norway after the Battle of Svolder, ruling from 1000 to 1013. During this period, the Earls of Lade, Eric and Sweyn Haakonsson, governed parts of Norway as nominal earls under Sweyn.

Who ruled Norway from 1015 to 1028, and what is his significance?

Olaf II Haraldsson ruled Norway from 1015 to 1028 and is known as Saint Olav. He is also referred to as Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae (Eternal King of Norway) and died in the Battle of Stiklestad.

Who was the de facto ruler of Norway from 1000 to 1015, and who was his father?

Eric Haakonsson, along with his brother Sweyn Haakonsson, ruled Norway as de facto rulers from 1000 to 1015. Eric Haakonsson was the son of Haakon Sigurdsson, the Earl of Lade.

Who ruled Norway from 1028 to 1035, and what was his relationship to the Norwegian throne?

Cnut the Great ruled Norway from 1028 to 1035 as de jure king. He was the son of Sweyn Forkbeard. During his reign, Haakon Ericsson served as the de facto ruler from 1028 to 1029, and Sweyn Knutsson (with Ælfgifu) ruled from 1030 to 1035.

Who was Magnus I Olavsson, and what was his reign period?

Magnus I Olavsson, known as Magnus the Good, ruled Norway from 1035 to 1047. He was the illegitimate son of Olaf II and Alfhild and died on Zealand.

Who was Harald III Sigurdsson, and what was his epithet and reign?

Harald III Sigurdsson, known as Harald Hardrada, reigned as King of Norway from 1046 to 1066. He was the son of Sigurd Syr and Åsta Gudbrandsdatter and died in the Battle of Stamford Bridge in England.

Who ruled Norway from 1066 to 1069, and what was his parentage?

Magnus II Haraldsson ruled Norway from 1066 to 1069. He was the eldest son of Harald III Hardrada and Tora Torbergsdatter and died in Nidaros.

Who was Olav III Haraldsson, and what was his epithet and reign?

Olav III Haraldsson, known as Olaf Kyrre (the Peaceful), reigned as King of Norway from 1067 to 1093. He was the youngest son of Harald III Hardrada and Tora Torbergsdatter and died in Rånrike, Sweden.

Who ruled Norway from 1093 to 1095, and what was his relationship to the previous monarch?

Haakon II Magnusson, known as Haakon Toresfostre, ruled Norway from 1093 to 1095. He was the illegitimate son of Magnus II Haraldsson and died in Dovrefjell.

Who was Magnus III Olavsson, and what was his epithet and reign?

Magnus III Olavsson, known as Magnus Barefoot, reigned as King of Norway from 1093 to 1103. He was the illegitimate son of Olav III Haraldsson and died in Ulster.

Who ruled Norway from 1103 to 1115, and what was his parentage?

Olav Magnusson ruled Norway from 1103 to 1115. He was the illegitimate son of Magnus III Barefoot and Sigrid Saxesdatter and died in Nidaros.

Who were the joint rulers of Norway from 1103 to 1123 and 1103 to 1130 respectively?

Eystein I Magnusson ruled Norway from 1103 to 1123, and Sigurd I Magnusson, known as Sigurd the Crusader, ruled from 1103 to 1130. Both were illegitimate sons of Magnus III Barefoot.

Who ruled Norway from 1130 to 1135, and what was his parentage?

Magnus IV Sigurdsson, known as Magnus the Blind, ruled Norway from 1130 to 1135. He was the illegitimate son of Sigurd I the Crusader and Borghild Olavsdatter and died in Sweden.

Who was Harald IV Magnusson, and what was his epithet and reign?

Harald IV Magnusson, known as Harald Gille, reigned as King of Norway from 1130 to 1136. He was allegedly the illegitimate son of Magnus III Barefoot and died in Bergen.

Who were Sigurd II Haraldsson and Inge I Haraldsson, and what were their reigns?

Sigurd II Haraldsson, known as Sigurd Munn, ruled from 1136 to 1155, and Inge I Haraldsson, known as Inge the Hunchback, ruled from 1136 to 1161. Sigurd II was the illegitimate son of Harald IV, while Inge I was the only legitimate son of Harald IV and Ingrid of Sweden.

Who ruled Norway from 1142 to 1157, and what was his parentage?

Eystein II Haraldsson ruled Norway from 1142 to 1157. He was an illegitimate son of Harald IV Gille and Biadoc and died in Bohuslän, Sweden.

Who ruled Norway from 1157 to 1162, and what was his parentage?

Haakon II Sigurdsson, known as Haakon the Broadshouldered, ruled Norway from 1157 to 1162. He was the illegitimate son of Sigurd II Munn and Thora and died at Sekken.

Who was Magnus V Erlingsson, and what was his reign period?

Magnus V Erlingsson ruled Norway from 1161 to 1184. He was the son of Erling Skakke and Kristin Sigurdsdatter and died at Fimreite.

Who was Sverre Sigurdsson, and what was his reign?

Sverre Sigurdsson reigned as King of Norway from 1184 to 1202. He was the alleged illegitimate son of Sigurd II Munn and Gunnhild and died in Bergen.

Who ruled Norway from 1202 to 1204, and what was his parentage?

Haakon III Sverresson ruled Norway from 1202 to 1204. He was the illegitimate son of Sverre Sigurdsson and died in Bergen.

Who briefly ruled Norway in 1204, and what was his parentage?

Guttorm Sigurdsson briefly ruled Norway in 1204. He was the illegitimate son of Sigurd Lavard and died in Nidaros at a young age.

Who ruled Norway from 1204 to 1217, and what was his parentage?

Inge II Bårdsson ruled Norway from 1204 to 1217. He was the son of Bård Guttormsson and Cecilia Sigurdsdatter and died in Nidaros.

Who was Haakon IV Haakonsson, and what was his reign and parentage?

Haakon IV Haakonsson, known as Haakon the Old, reigned from 1217 to 1263. He was the illegitimate son of Haakon III Sverresson and Inga of Varteig. He married Margaret Skulesdatter and died in Kirkwall.

Who ruled Norway from 1257 to 1280, and what was his epithet?

Magnus VI Haakonsson, known as Magnus the Law-mender, ruled Norway from 1257 to 1280. He was the third son of Haakon IV and Margaret Skulesdatter and died in Bergen.

Who ruled Norway from 1273 to 1299, and who were his wives?

Eric II Magnusson ruled Norway from 1273 to 1299. He was the third son of Magnus VI and Ingeborg of Denmark. His wives were Margaret of Scotland and later Isabel Bruce.

Who was the last monarch of the Sverre dynasty, and when did he reign?

Haakon V Magnusson was the last monarch of the Sverre dynasty, reigning from 1299 to 1319. He was the fourth son of Magnus VI and Ingeborg of Denmark and died in Tunsberg.

Who ruled Norway from August 1319 to August 1355, and what was his parentage?

Magnus VII Eriksson ruled Norway from August 1319 to August 1355. He was the only son of Duke Erik Magnusson and Ingeborg of Norway and was also King of Sweden.

Who ruled Norway from 1343 to 1380, and who was his mother?

Haakon VI Magnusson ruled Norway from 1343 to 1380. He was the second son of Magnus VII Eriksson and Blanche of Namur, and his mother was Ingeborg of Norway.

Who ruled Norway from 1380 to 1387, and what was his parentage?

Olav IV Haakonsson ruled Norway from 1380 to 1387. He was the only son of Haakon VI Magnusson and Margaret I of Denmark and died in Falsterbo Castle.

Who ruled Norway from 1388 to 1412, and what was her nickname?

Margaret I ruled Norway from 1388 to 1412. She was the youngest daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark and Helvig of Schleswig, and was known as the 'Semiramis of the North'.

Who ruled Norway from 1389 to 1442, and who was his wife?

Eric III ruled Norway from 1389 to 1442. He was the only son of Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania, and Mary of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and his wife was Philippa of England.

Who ruled Norway from 1442 to 1448, and what was his parentage?

Christopher ruled Norway from 1442 to 1448. He was the fifth son of John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt, and Catherine of Pomerania, and his wife was Dorothea of Brandenburg.

Who ruled Norway from 1449 to 1450, and what was his parentage?

Charles I ruled Norway from 1449 to 1450. He was the only son of Knut Tordsson Bonde and Margareta Karlsdotter Sparre and died in Stockholm Castle.

Who ruled Norway from 1450 to 1481, and what was his parentage?

Christian I ruled Norway from 1450 to 1481. He was the eldest son of Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg, and Hedvig of Holstein, and his wife was Dorothea of Brandenburg.

Who ruled Norway from 1483 to 1513, and what was his parentage?

John ruled Norway from 1483 to 1513. He was the third son of Christian I and Dorothea of Brandenburg, and his wife was Christina of Saxony.

Who ruled Norway from 1513 to 1523, and what was his parentage?

Christian II ruled Norway from 1513 to 1523. He was the second son of John and Christina of Saxony, and his wife was Isabella of Austria.

List Of Monarchs Of Norway Wiki: Norway's Royal Succession: A Historical Chronicle

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The Norwegian Monarchy

Enduring Legacy

The Kingdom of Norway boasts one of Europe's oldest continuous monarchies, tracing its traditional establishment to the unification following the Battle of Hafrsfjord in 872. For over 1,100 years, a succession of monarchs has guided the nation through periods of consolidation, union, and independence.

A Continuous Lineage

The official list enumerates monarchs dating back to Harald Fairhair. The current sovereign, King Harald V, who ascended the throne in 1991, represents the 64th monarch in this distinguished lineage. Throughout its history, Norway has experienced periods of rule by various regents during interregna.

Dynastic Shifts

The Norwegian throne has been held by several prominent royal dynasties. Key among these are the Fairhair dynasty, the House of Sverre, the House of Oldenburg (which includes branches like Holstein-Gottorp and Glücksburg), and the House of Bernadotte. These shifts reflect significant political and historical junctures.

Key Royal Dynasties

Fairhair Dynasty

The foundational dynasty, established by Harald Fairhair, who unified Norway. Its reign marked the beginning of a singular kingdom.

Reign: c. 872–970

Harald I Fairhair

c. 872–932

Founder of the dynasty.

Eric I Bloodaxe

c. 932–934

Haakon I the Good

c. 934–960

Harald II Ericsson

c. 961–970

House of Sverre

A significant medieval dynasty, known for its long rule and influence during a period of consolidation and conflict.

Reign: 1184–1319

Sverre Sigurdsson

1184–1202

Founder of the House of Sverre.

Haakon III Sverresson

1202–1204

Guttorm Sigurdsson

1204

Inge II Bårdsson

1204–1217

Haakon IV Haakonsson

1217–1263

Also known as Haakon the Old.

Haakon V Magnusson

1299–1319

House of Oldenburg

A long-ruling house that governed Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, often through personal unions, and later returned to the Norwegian throne.

Reign: 1450–1481, 1483–1533, 1537–1818, 1905–Present

Christian I

1450–1481

First of the Oldenburg line.

John

1483–1513

Christian II

1513–1523

Frederick I

1523–1533

Christian III

1537–1559

Frederick II

1559–1588

Christian IV

1588–1648

Frederick III

1648–1670

Christian V

1670–1699

Frederick IV

1699–1730

Christian VI

1730–1746

Frederick V

1746–1766

Christian VII

1766–1808

Frederick VI

1808–1814

Christian Frederick

1814

Haakon VII

1905–1957

First monarch of the House of Glücksburg (a junior branch of Oldenburg).

Olav V

1957–1991

Harald V

1991–Present

House of Bernadotte

Established in the 19th century, this dynasty continues to reign in Sweden and has historical ties to the Norwegian throne.

Reign: 1818–1905

Charles XIV John

1818–1844

Founder of the House of Bernadotte.

Oscar I

1844–1859

Charles IV

1859–1872

Oscar II

1872–1905

Last monarch of the union with Sweden.

A Chronicle of Sovereigns

The following table provides a structured overview of Norway's monarchs, categorized by dynasty and reign type.

Early Monarchs

Fairhair Dynasty (c. 872–970)

Harald I Fairhair

c. 872–932

Eric I Bloodaxe

c. 932–934

Haakon I the Good

c. 934–960

Harald II Ericsson

c. 961–970

Viking Age & Early Medieval

House of Gorm/Earl of Lade (c. 961–1035)

Harald Bluetooth (D)

961–c. 980

Haakon Sigurdsson (R)

970–995

Olaf I Tryggvason

995–1000

Sweyn Forkbeard (D)

1000–1013

Eric Haakonsson (R)

1000–1015

Sweyn Haakonsson (R)

1000–1015

Cnut the Great (D)

1028–1035

Haakon Ericsson (R)

1029–1030

Sweyn Knutsson (D)

1030–1035

St. Olav Dynasty

St. Olav Dynasty (1015–1028, 1035–1130)

Olaf II Haraldsson

1015–1028

Saint Olav.

Magnus I Olavsson

1035–1047

Magnus the Good.

Harald III Sigurdsson

1046–1066

Harald Hardrada.

Magnus III Olavsson

1093–1103

Magnus Barefoot.

Sigurd I Magnusson

1103–1130

Sigurd the Crusader.

Civil War Era

Gille Dynasty (1130–1161)

Magnus IV Sigurdsson

1130–1135

Magnus the Blind.

Harald IV Magnusson

1130–1136

Harald Gille.

Sigurd II Haraldsson

1136–1155

Sigurd Munn.

Inge I Haraldsson

1136–1161

Inge the Hunchback.

Eystein II Haraldsson

1142–1157

Magnus V Erlingsson

1161–1184

Medieval Period

House of Sverre (1184–1319)

Sverre Sigurdsson

1184–1202

Haakon IV Haakonsson

1217–1263

Haakon the Old.

Magnus VI Haakonsson

1257–1280

Magnus the Law-mender.

Haakon V Magnusson

1299–1319

Union Monarchs

House of Bjälbo (1319–1355)

Magnus VII Eriksson

1319–1355

House of Bonde (1449–1450)

Charles I

1449–1450

House of Griffin (1442–1448)

Eric III

1442–1448

House of Palatinate-Neumarkt (1442–1448)

Christopher

1442–1448

Modern Era

House of Oldenburg (1537–1814, 1905–Present)

Christian III

1537–1559

Frederick II

1559–1588

Christian IV

1588–1648

Frederick III

1648–1670

Christian V

1670–1699

Frederick IV

1699–1730

Christian VI

1730–1746

Frederick V

1746–1766

Christian VII

1766–1808

Frederick VI

1808–1814

Christian Frederick

1814

Haakon VII

1905–1957

Olav V

1957–1991

Harald V

1991–Present

Union & Transition

House of Holstein-Gottorp (1814–1818)

Charles II

1814–1818

House of Bernadotte (1818–1905)

Charles XIV John

1818–1844

Oscar I

1844–1859

Charles IV

1859–1872

Oscar II

1872–1905

Periods of Union

Kalmar Union

A personal union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, established in 1397. Norway was part of this union until 1523.

Monarchs: Margaret I, Eric III

Denmark–Norway

Following the dissolution of the Kalmar Union, Norway entered a long union with Denmark, lasting from 1537 until 1814.

Monarchs: House of Oldenburg (various branches)

Sweden–Norway

After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden, forming a personal union that lasted until Norway's peaceful dissolution in 1905.

Monarchs: House of Bernadotte (Charles XIV John to Oscar II)

Royal Titles and Styles

Evolving Styles

Between 1450 and 1905, Norwegian monarchs held numerous additional titles, reflecting territorial claims and political influence. These included titles such as King of the Wends, King of the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Duke of Holstein, Prince of Rügen, and Count of Oldenburg.

Forms of Address

Historically, monarchs styled themselves as Konge til Norge ("King of Norway") with the style His Royal Majesty. The introduction of constitutional monarchy in 1814 briefly saw the style extended to "by the Grace of God and the Constitution". The current style is simply Norges Konge ("Norway's King") with the style "His Majesty".

Historical Context

Unification and Early Rule

The foundation of the Norwegian monarchy is traditionally linked to Harald Fairhair's victory at the Battle of Hafrsfjord around 872. This marked the beginning of the unification of disparate petty kingdoms into a single realm, laying the groundwork for the Kingdom of Norway.

Medieval Challenges

The medieval period saw periods of internal strife, known as the Civil War era (1130–1240), where various pretenders vied for the throne, leading to the omission of some rulers from official lists. The subsequent Sverre dynasty and the Hardrada dynasty navigated complex political landscapes.

Unions and Independence

Norway's history is marked by periods of union with its Scandinavian neighbours, notably the Kalmar Union and later unions with Denmark and Sweden. The dissolution of the union with Sweden in 1905 marked a significant step towards modern Norwegian sovereignty, leading to the election of Prince Carl of Denmark as King Haakon VII.

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References

Helle, Knut (1995). Aschehougs norgeshistorie : 1130â1350. 3 : Under kirke og kongemakt 1130â1350, p. 14. Aschehoug.

A full list of references for this article are available at the List of monarchs of Norway Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not historical or political advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional historical research or consultation with qualified historians or political scientists. Always refer to primary sources and consult with experts for in-depth analysis.

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Norway's Royal Succession

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

The Norwegian Monarchy 🇳🇴

👑 Enduring Legacy

⏳ A Continuous Lineage

🏛️ Dynastic Shifts

Key Royal Dynasties 🏰

📜 Fairhair Dynasty

Harald I Fairhair

Eric I Bloodaxe

Haakon I the Good

Harald II Ericsson

🛡️ House of Sverre

Sverre Sigurdsson

Haakon III Sverresson

Guttorm Sigurdsson

Inge II Bårdsson

Haakon IV Haakonsson

Haakon V Magnusson

⚜️ House of Oldenburg

Christian I

John

Christian II

Frederick I

Christian III

Frederick II

Christian IV

Frederick III

Christian V

Frederick IV

Christian VI

Frederick V

Christian VII

Frederick VI

Christian Frederick

Haakon VII

Olav V

Harald V

🇸🇪 House of Bernadotte

Charles XIV John

Oscar I

Charles IV

Oscar II

A Chronicle of Sovereigns 📋

👑 Early Monarchs

Harald I Fairhair

Eric I Bloodaxe

Haakon I the Good

Harald II Ericsson

⚔️ Viking Age & Early Medieval

Harald Bluetooth (D)

Haakon Sigurdsson (R)

Olaf I Tryggvason

Sweyn Forkbeard (D)

Eric Haakonsson (R)

Sweyn Haakonsson (R)

Cnut the Great (D)

Haakon Ericsson (R)

Sweyn Knutsson (D)

✝️ St. Olav Dynasty

Olaf II Haraldsson

Magnus I Olavsson

Harald III Sigurdsson

Magnus III Olavsson

Sigurd I Magnusson

⚔️ Civil War Era

Magnus IV Sigurdsson

Harald IV Magnusson

Sigurd II Haraldsson

Inge I Haraldsson

Eystein II Haraldsson

Magnus V Erlingsson

📜 Medieval Period

Sverre Sigurdsson

Haakon IV Haakonsson

Magnus VI Haakonsson

Haakon V Magnusson

🔗 Union Monarchs

Magnus VII Eriksson

Charles I

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The Norwegian Monarchy

Enduring Legacy

A Continuous Lineage

Dynastic Shifts

Key Royal Dynasties

Fairhair Dynasty

House of Sverre

House of Oldenburg

House of Bernadotte

A Chronicle of Sovereigns

Early Monarchs

Viking Age & Early Medieval

St. Olav Dynasty

Civil War Era

Medieval Period

Union Monarchs

Modern Era

Union & Transition

Periods of Union

Kalmar Union

Denmark–Norway

Sweden–Norway

Royal Titles and Styles

Evolving Styles

Forms of Address

Historical Context

Unification and Early Rule

Medieval Challenges

Unions and Independence

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice