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An authoritative exploration of the Royal Air Force's storied flying squadrons, detailing their history, aircraft, and operational evolution.

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RAF Squadron Overview

The Core Unit

Squadrons represent the fundamental flying units within the Royal Air Force (RAF). This includes units that originated from the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) upon the RAF's formation on 1 April 1918. The structure also encompasses squadrons from Commonwealth air forces that served within the RAF framework, as well as Fleet Air Arm squadrons prior to their transfer to the Royal Navy in 1939.

Numbering Traditions

Some squadrons maintain traditions of presenting their numbers in Roman numerals or using suffixes (e.g., '(F)' for Fighter, '(B)' for Bomber) to denote their historical or current roles. While these practices have been subject to deprecation, they persist in certain long-standing units, particularly those numbered 1 through 20. Disbanded squadrons may 'lay up' their standards at locations like RAF Cranwell or places of worship, preserving their heritage.

Reserve and Training Designations

Flying training units and operational evaluation squadrons have often carried '(Reserve)' designations. The policy for this was rescinded in February 2018. Additionally, some squadron numbers have been historically associated with specific locations or roles, reflecting their origins or primary functions.

Regular Squadrons (Nos. 1โ€“299)

The backbone of the RAF's operational and training capabilities are its numbered squadrons. Many of these units have a long and distinguished history, tracing their lineage back to the early days of military aviation.

Active Frontline Units

The following are examples of currently active squadrons, often equipped with modern frontline aircraft:

  • No. 1 (Fighter) Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4
  • No. II (Army Cooperation) Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4
  • No. 3 (Fighter) Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4
  • No. 6 Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4
  • No. 7 Squadron โ€“ Chinook HC6A
  • No. 10 Squadron โ€“ Voyager KC2/KC3
  • No. 12 Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4/T3
  • No. 29 Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4/T3 (OCU)
  • No. 41 Test and Evaluation Squadron โ€“ Typhoon FGR4/T3
  • No. 51 Squadron โ€“ RC-135W Rivet Joint
  • No. 54 Squadron โ€“ RC-135W Rivet Joint / Shadow R1 (OCU)
  • No. 56 (Punjab) Squadron โ€“ Air Command & Control ISR
  • No. LVII Squadron โ€“ Prefect T1
  • No. 60 Squadron โ€“ Juno HT1
  • No. 70 Squadron โ€“ Atlas C1
  • No. 72 Squadron โ€“ Texan T1
  • No. 78 Squadron โ€“ London Area Control Centre
  • No. 80 Squadron โ€“ Reprogramming Laboratory
  • No. 84 Squadron โ€“ Puma HC2
  • No. 92 Squadron โ€“ Tactics and Training
  • No. 99 (Madras Presidency) Squadron โ€“ C-17 Globemaster
  • No. 101 Squadron โ€“ Voyager KC2/KC3
  • No. 120 Squadron โ€“ Poseidon MRA1
  • No. 201 Squadron โ€“ Poseidon MRA1
  • No. 207 Squadron โ€“ F-35B Lightning (OCU)
  • No. 216 Squadron โ€“ Drone swarm technology testing
  • No. 230 Squadron โ€“ Puma HC2
  • No. 617 Squadron (The Dambusters) โ€“ F-35B Lightning

Historical Significance

Many squadrons, while currently inactive, played pivotal roles in major conflicts and the development of air power. Their history is preserved through standards and unit records, representing a rich heritage within the RAF.

  • No. 5 Squadron (Army Cooperation) โ€“ Sentinel R1
  • No. 15 Squadron โ€“ Tornado GR4
  • No. 39 Squadron โ€“ MQ-9A Reaper
  • No. 111 Squadron โ€“ Tornado F3
  • No. 50 Squadron โ€“ Vulcan B.2/K.2
  • No. 74 Squadron โ€“ Hawk T1
  • No. 44 Squadron โ€“ Vulcan B.2

Commonwealth Squadrons (Article XV)

During World War II, under Article XV of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, air forces from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand formed squadrons that operated under RAF control. These units often retained their national identities while contributing significantly to Allied air operations.

Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)

Numerous RCAF squadrons served with distinction within the RAF structure. Examples include:

  • 400 (City of Toronto)
  • 401 (Ram)
  • 408 (Goose)
  • 410 (Cougar)
  • 427 (Lion)
  • 430 (City of Sudbury)
  • 402 (City of Winnipeg)
  • 403 (Wolf)
  • 404 (Buffalo)
  • 405 (Vancouver)
  • 406 (Lynx)
  • 407 (Demon)
  • 409 (Nighthawk)
  • 412 (Falcon)
  • 413 (Tusker)
  • 414 (Sarnia Imperials)
  • 415 (Swordfish)
  • 416 (City of Oshawa)
  • 417 (City of Windsor)
  • 418 (City of Edmonton)
  • 419 (Moose)
  • 420 (Snowy Owl)
  • 421 (Red Indian)
  • 422 (Flying Yachtsman)
  • 423 (Bald Eagle)
  • 424 (Tiger)
  • 425 (Alouette)
  • 426 (Thunderbird)
  • 428 (Ghost)
  • 429 (Bison)
  • 431 (Iroquois)
  • 432 (Leaside)
  • 433 (Porcupine)
  • 434 (Bluenose)
  • 435 (Chinthe)
  • 436 (Elephant)
  • 437 (Husky)
  • 438 (Wildcat)
  • 439 (Westmount)
  • 440 (City of Ottawa and Beaver)
  • 441 (Silver Fox)
  • 442 (Caribou)
  • 443 (Hornet)

Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)

RAAF squadrons formed under Article XV included:

  • No. 450 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 451 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 452 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 453 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 454 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 455 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 456 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 457 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 458 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 459 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 460 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 461 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 462 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 463 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 464 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 466 Squadron RAAF
  • No. 467 Squadron RAAF

Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF)

RNZAF squadrons attached to the RAF during WWII:

  • No. 485 Squadron RNZAF
  • No. 486 Squadron RNZAF
  • No. 487 Squadron RNZAF
  • No. 488 Squadron RNZAF
  • No. 489 Squadron RNZAF
  • No. 490 Squadron RNZAF

Foreign National Squadrons

During World War II, the RAF also hosted squadrons formed by personnel from various Allied nations, contributing to the collective war effort.

Polish Squadrons

A significant number of Polish squadrons operated under RAF command, flying various aircraft types. Notable examples include:

  • No. 300 "Land of Masovia" Polish Bomber Squadron
  • No. 303 "Kosciuszko" Polish Fighter Squadron
  • No. 307 "City of Lwรณw" Polish Fighter Squadron
  • No. 315 "City of Dฤ™blin" Polish Fighter Squadron
  • No. 316 "City of Warsaw" Polish Fighter Squadron
  • No. 317 "City of Wilno" Polish Fighter Squadron
  • No. 318 "City of Gdaล„sk" Polish Fighter-Reconnaissance Squadron

Czechoslovak Squadrons

Czechoslovak pilots and aircrew formed their own squadrons within the RAF:

  • No. 310 (Czechoslovak) Squadron
  • No. 311 (Czechoslovak) Squadron
  • No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron
  • No. 313 (Czechoslovak) Squadron

Dutch Squadrons

The Royal Netherlands Air Force contributed squadrons to the RAF effort:

  • No. 320 (Netherlands) Squadron
  • No. 321 (Netherlands) Squadron
  • No. 322 (Dutch) Squadron

French Squadrons

Free French Air Force units operated under RAF command:

  • No. 326 (GC 2/7 Nice)
  • No. 327 (GC 1/3 Corse)
  • No. 328 (GC 1/7 Provence)
  • No. 329 (GC 1/2 Cigognes)
  • No. 340 (GC 4/2 Ile de France)
  • No. 341 (GC 3/2 Alsace)
  • No. 342 (GB 1/20 Lorraine)
  • No. 346 (GB 2/23 Guyenne)
  • No. 347 (GB 1/25 Tunisie)

Greek Squadrons

Greek units also served under RAF operational control:

  • No. 335 Squadron
  • No. 336 Squadron

Yugoslav Squadrons

Yugoslav personnel formed squadrons within the RAF:

  • No. 351 (Jugoslav) Squadron
  • No. 352 (Jugoslav) Squadron

Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF)

The Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF) comprises volunteer reserve units that support the RAF's operations. These squadrons often have distinct regional affiliations.

RAuxAF Squadrons

Examples of RAuxAF squadrons include:

  • No. 501 (County of Gloucester) Squadron
  • No. 502 (Ulster) Squadron
  • No. 504 (County of Nottingham) Squadron
  • No. 601 (County of London) Squadron
  • No. 602 (City of Glasgow) Squadron
  • No. 603 (City of Edinburgh) Squadron
  • No. 605 (County of Warwick) Squadron
  • No. 609 (West Riding) Squadron
  • No. 611 (West Lancashire) Squadron
  • No. 612 (County of Aberdeen) Squadron
  • No. 614 (County of Glamorgan) Squadron
  • No. 616 (South Yorkshire) Squadron

Fleet Air Arm (FAA) Squadrons

Historically, the Fleet Air Arm operated squadrons under RAF control before its transfer to the Royal Navy in 1939. These squadrons, numbered in the 700 and 800 ranges, were integral to naval aviation.

Naval Aviation Units

Examples of FAA squadrons that served under the RAF:

  • No. 712 Squadron
  • No. 715 Squadron
  • No. 718 Squadron
  • No. 800 Squadron
  • No. 801 Squadron
  • No. 802 Squadron
  • No. 803 Squadron
  • No. 810 Squadron
  • No. 811 Squadron
  • No. 812 Squadron
  • No. 813 Squadron
  • No. 814 Squadron
  • No. 820 Squadron
  • No. 821 Squadron
  • No. 822 Squadron
  • No. 823 Squadron
  • No. 824 Squadron
  • No. 825 Squadron

Training and Support Units

Beyond operational squadrons, the RAF maintains various units focused on training, evaluation, and specialized support functions.

University Air Squadrons (UAS)

Representing universities across the UK, UAS squadrons provide flight training and RAF experience to undergraduates. They typically operate the Tutor T1 aircraft.

  • University of Birmingham Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Cosford
  • Bristol University Air Squadron โ€“ MOD Boscombe Down
  • Cambridge University Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Wittering
  • East Midlands Universities Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Cranwell
  • East of Scotland Universities Air Squadron โ€“ Glasgow Airport
  • Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde Air Squadron โ€“ Leuchars Station
  • Liverpool University Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Woodvale
  • University of London Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Wittering
  • Manchester and Salford Universities Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Woodvale
  • Northern Ireland Universities Air Squadron โ€“ Aldergrove Flying Station
  • Northumbrian Universities Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Leeming
  • Oxford University Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Benson
  • Southampton University Air Squadron โ€“ MOD Boscombe Down
  • Universities of Wales Air Squadron โ€“ MOD St Athan
  • Yorkshire Universities Air Squadron โ€“ RAF Linton-on-Ouse

Volunteer Gliding Squadrons (VGS)

These squadrons, often retaining historical numbers from their origins as Gliding Schools, operate winch-launched sailplanes. They are part of No. 2 Flying Training School (2FTS).

  • 611 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Honington
  • 615 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Kenley
  • 621 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Little Rissington
  • 622 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Upavon
  • 631 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Woodvale
  • 632 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Ternhill
  • 644 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Syerston
  • 645 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Topcliffe
  • 661 Volunteer Gliding Squadron โ€“ RAF Kirknewton

Air Experience Flights (AEF)

Co-located with UAS, AEFs provide introductory flying experiences using Tutor T1 training aircraft, fostering aviation interest.

  • No. 1 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 2 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 3 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 4 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 5 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 6 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 7 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 8 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 9 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 10 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 11 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 12 Air Experience Flight
  • No. 13 Air Experience Flight

Independent Flights

The RAF also operates independent flights for specialized roles, including ceremonial duties, transport, and operational testing.

Memorial Flights and Special Duties

These flights maintain historical aircraft or perform unique operational tasks:

  • Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) โ€“ At RAF Coningsby, operates historic aircraft including Spitfires, Hurricanes, a Lancaster, and Dakotas.
  • No. 1310 Flight โ€“ Operates Chinook helicopters.
  • No. 1312 Flight โ€“ Based at RAF Mount Pleasant, operates Voyager KC2 and Atlas C1.
  • No. 1435 Flight โ€“ Based at RAF Mount Pleasant, operates Typhoon FGR4.

Dormant Squadrons

The heritage of many disbanded RAF squadrons is preserved through their standards, which are sometimes 'laid up' at RAF College Cranwell or in places of worship. These units remain dormant but retain the potential for future reactivation.

Preserving Heritage

Standards for squadrons such as No. 47, No. V (Army Cooperation), No. 100, No. 39, No. 111, No. XV, No. 203, No. 50, No. 74, No. 44, and No. 3 Squadron RAF Regiment are displayed at College Hall Rotunda, representing a link to the RAF's extensive history.

Squadron Codes

RAF aircraft are typically identified by unique two-letter codes painted on their fuselage, serving as a visual identifier for each squadron. These codes are crucial for operational tracking and unit identification.

Identification System

Historically, these codes were usually two letters, often displayed next to the RAF roundel. They formed part of the aircraft's call sign. When an aircraft was lost or withdrawn, its code was typically reassigned to its replacement. Commonwealth and other Allied squadrons attached to the RAF often had their codes changed to avoid confusion with existing RAF units.

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References

References

  1.  Why do some Squadrons have letter after their number? รขย€ย“ PPRuNe
  2.  See RAF Eagle Squadrons
  3.  Axis History Forum: RAF Unit Numbers query?
  4.  Axis History Forum รขย€ยข View topic รขย€ย“ RAF Unit Numbers query?
  5.  The Royal Air Force รขย€ย“ History Section
A full list of references for this article are available at the List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not official military advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for official Royal Air Force documentation or consultation with military aviation experts. Always refer to official sources for the most current and accurate information regarding RAF squadrons and operations.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.