What is the Merkava tank, and what is its primary role in the Israel Defense Forces?

The Merkava is a series of main battle tanks developed and used by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It serves as the backbone of the IDF's Armored Corps and is considered to have capabilities comparable to other modern main battle tanks such as the M1 Abrams, Leopard 2, and Challenger 2.

When did the development of the Merkava tank begin, and what was the impetus behind its creation?

The development of the Merkava tank began in 1970. The impetus for its creation stemmed from Israel's experiences in the Yom Kippur War, where the IDF suffered significant losses of its armored vehicles, highlighting the need for a domestically produced tank with enhanced crew protection and survivability.

Who was the primary designer or driving force behind the Merkava tank project?

Israel Tal, who served as a brigade commander after the Suez Crisis, was instrumental in restarting plans for an indigenous Israeli tank. He utilized lessons learned from the Yom Kippur War to advocate for and guide the development of the Merkava.

What were the key design criteria emphasized during the Merkava's development?

Key design criteria for the Merkava included maximizing crew protection and survivability, ensuring rapid repair of battle damage, achieving cost-effectiveness, and maintaining good off-road performance. These principles influenced its unique layout and construction.

How does the Merkava's engine placement differ from most other tanks, and what is the strategic advantage of this design?

Unlike most tanks that place the engine at the rear, the Merkava features a front-mounted engine. This design choice is intended to provide additional protection to the crew in the main hull by absorbing some of the force from frontal attacks, such as those from artillery shells or projectiles.

What unique feature does the Merkava's rear design offer, and how can it be utilized?

The Merkava tank features a rear entrance with clamshell-style doors. This design allows for increased storage capacity and provides easier access for the crew and personnel under enemy fire. It also enables the tank to be used in auxiliary roles, such as a platform for medical evacuation (carrying stretchers), a forward command and control station, or even as an infantry fighting vehicle.

What was the Merkava's initial development program name?

The name 'Merkava' itself was derived from the IDF's initial development program name for the tank.

What was the initial collaboration Israel had with Britain regarding tank development, and why did it not lead to the Merkava?

In the late 1960s, the Israeli Army collaborated on design aspects for the British Chieftain tank, with the intention of purchasing and domestically producing it. However, Britain ultimately decided not to sell the Chieftain to Israel, partly because it was already being supplied to Arab nations, which prompted Israel to pursue its own indigenous development program.

When did the first Merkava variant, the Mark 1, officially enter service?

The Merkava Mark 1, the original design, entered official service with the Israel Defense Forces in 1979.

Which major conflict saw the Merkava tank used extensively for the first time?

The Merkava tank was first used extensively in combat during the 1982 Lebanon War.

Which Israeli companies are primary contractors or key contributors to the Merkava tank's production?

Key Israeli contributors include Israel Military Industries (IMI) for main guns and ammunition, Urdan Industries for hull and turret assemblies, Soltam for mortars, Elta Systems for electronics and optics, Elbit Systems for fire-control systems, Tadiran for communication equipment, Elisra and Astronautics for optics and laser warning systems, and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems for protection systems like the Trophy APS.

What is the typical crew size for a Merkava tank?

A Merkava tank typically has a crew of four: a commander, a driver, a gunner, and a loader.

What type of armor does the Merkava utilize?

The Merkava employs a classified composite and sloped armor design, often in a modular configuration, to provide enhanced protection.

What is the main armament of the Merkava Mark 1 and Mark 2 tanks?

The Merkava Mark 1 and Mark 2 were armed with a 105 mm IMI M64 gun, which was a license-built variant of the American M68 gun.

What is the main armament of the Merkava Mark 3 and Mark 4 tanks?

The Merkava Mark 3, Mark 3 Dor Dalet BAZ kassag, and the Mark 4 are equipped with an IMI 120 mm smoothbore gun. This gun is capable of firing various Western 120 mm ammunition types and the LAHAT anti-tank guided missile.

Besides the main gun, what secondary armaments are typically found on Merkava tanks?

Merkava tanks are equipped with multiple machine guns, usually two roof-mounted 7.62 mm machine guns for the commander and loader, and one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. They also feature an internally mounted 60 mm mortar for firing smoke rounds or suppressing infantry, and a remote-controlled .50 caliber (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun.

What engine powers the Merkava tanks, and who manufactures it?

Merkava tanks are powered by MTU EuroPowerPack diesel engines. Specifically, the Mark 4 uses the MTU 12V883 engine, producing 1119 kW (1501 hp), manufactured under license by L-3 Communication Combat Propulsion Systems.

What was the operational history of the Merkava Mark 1?

The Merkava Mark 1, operational since 1979, was deployed extensively during the 1982 Lebanon War. It proved successful against contemporary Syrian tanks like the T-62 and was largely immune to the anti-tank weapons of the time, such as the AT-3 Sagger and RPG-7. It was considered a significant improvement over the Centurion tank previously used by Israel. During the war, some Mark 1s were converted into makeshift armored personnel carriers or ambulances by removing ammunition racks.

What improvements were introduced with the Merkava Mark II?

The Merkava Mark II, introduced in 1983, incorporated numerous adjustments based on combat experience from the 1982 Lebanon War. Improvements included relocating the 60 mm mortar inside the hull for remote firing, installing an Israeli-designed automatic transmission, increasing fuel storage for better range, adding anti-rocket netting for enhanced protection against RPGs, and upgrading the fire-control system with better meteorological sensors and thermographic optics.

What were the sub-variants of the Merkava Mark II, and what key features did they introduce?

The sub-variants of the Merkava Mark II were: - **Mark IIB:** Introduced thermal optics and unspecified fire control system updates. - **Mark IIC:** Featured enhanced armor on the turret's top to improve protection against aerial threats. - **Mark IID:** Incorporated modular composite armor on the chassis and turret for easier replacement of damaged sections.

When was the Merkava Mark III introduced, and what were its main upgrades compared to the Mark II?

The Merkava Mark III was introduced in December 1989 and remained in production until 2003. Compared to the Mark II, it featured upgrades to the drivetrain, powertrain, armament (including the 120 mm IMI smoothbore gun), and electronic systems. Its weight increased to 65 tonnes, and its maximum speed rose to 60 km/h due to a more powerful 1200 hp engine.

What significant design change was made to the Merkava Mark III's turret?

The turret of the Merkava Mark III was re-engineered to move independently of the tank's chassis, allowing it to track targets more effectively regardless of the tank's own movement.

What was the BAZ System upgrade for the Merkava Mark III?

The Mark 3 BAZ (Barak Zoher, meaning Shining Lightning) upgrade, introduced in 1995, included NBC protection systems, a locally developed air-conditioning system, improved ballistic protection, and removable modular composite armor (in the Mark 3D variant) for easier repair and upgrades.

What advancements did the Merkava Mark 3 Dor-Dalet variant introduce?

The Dor-Dalet (Fourth Generation) variant of the Mark 3 served as a precursor to the Mark 4, featuring upgraded tracks, the Rafael Overhead Weapon Station, independent panoramic commander's sights for hunter-killer capability, and advanced thermal imagers for both the gunner and commander.

When did the Merkava Mark 4 enter production, and what are its key features?

Development of the Merkava Mark 4 began in 1999, with production starting in 2004. It features removable modular armor on all sides, including a V-shaped belly pack, for rapid repair. It was the first contemporary tank without a loader's hatch in the turret roof to reduce vulnerability to ATGMs. Tank rounds are stored in fire-proof canisters, and the turret is electrically powered. It also incorporates features from the IAI Lavi program for reduced radar and infrared signatures.

What is the Trophy active protection system, and which Merkava variant is equipped with it?

The Trophy active protection system (APS) is designed to intercept threats like rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank missiles. The Merkava Mark 4M, designated 'Windbreaker,' is equipped with the Trophy APS, which has proven effective in combat by intercepting various threats.

What is the Iron Vision helmet-mounted display system, and where else has it been used?

The Iron Vision system is a helmet-mounted augmented reality system that provides crew members with a 360-degree virtual reality view of the tank's surroundings using external cameras. Developed by Elbit, this system was also integrated into the F-35 fighter aircraft.

How did the Merkava perform during the 1982 Lebanon War?

During the 1982 Lebanon War, the Merkava tank outperformed contemporary Syrian tanks and proved largely immune to the anti-tank weapons used against it. It was considered a significant improvement over Israel's previous main battle tank, the Centurion, although Israel did lose several Merkavas during the conflict.

What incidents involving Merkava tanks occurred during the Second Intifada?

During the Second Intifada, at least three Merkava tanks (Mark II or III) were destroyed by roadside bombs and mines in the Gaza Strip and near the Kissufim Crossing, resulting in casualties among the crews.

How many Merkava tanks were reportedly destroyed during the 2006 Lebanon War, and what caused these losses?

Five Merkava tanks (two Mark IIs, one Mark III, and two Mark IVs) were reportedly destroyed during the 2006 Lebanon War. Losses were attributed to tandem-warhead missiles, including the RPG-29 'Vampir' and Kornet ATGM, which were capable of defeating the tanks' advanced armor.

What was the IDF's assessment of the Merkava Mark IV's performance in the 2006 Lebanon War?

Despite the losses, the IDF stated it was satisfied with the Merkava Mark IV's performance, attributing issues partly to insufficient pre-war training. Some analysts noted that while the tank proved its mettle, its vulnerability to advanced anti-tank missiles in unconventional warfare scenarios was highlighted.

How effective was the Trophy APS during Operation Protective Edge in 2014?

During Operation Protective Edge in 2014, Merkava Mk 4M tanks equipped with the Trophy APS successfully intercepted numerous anti-tank missiles and RPGs, including Kornets and Metis-Ms. The system proved effective against man-portable anti-tank weapons and even helped identify and target a Hamas anti-tank team.

What measures were taken to protect Merkava tanks from drone attacks during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War?

During the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, Merkava tanks were observed equipped with added slat armor placed above the turrets. Slat armor is effective against munitions dropped by small drones, and Hamas released footage suggesting unsuccessful drone strikes against Merkavas.

What is the Merkava LIC variant, and what is its intended role?

The Merkava LIC (Low Intensity Conflict) variant refers to Merkava Mark 3 BAZ or Mark 4 tanks converted for urban warfare. Its role emphasizes counter-insurgency and street-to-street combat in inner-city environments, featuring a 12.7 mm coaxial machine gun for effective fire against individual combatants and enhanced protection for sensitive areas like optics.

What is a Merkava 'Tankbulance'?

A Merkava 'Tankbulance' is a Merkava tank modified to include full medical and ambulance capabilities. While retaining its armament, it carries less ammunition and has its rear ammunition racks removed to accommodate injured personnel, stretchers, and life support systems, allowing it to operate under combat conditions.

What is the Namer, and what is its basis?

The Namer is an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) based on the Merkava Mark 4 chassis. It entered service in 2008 and is designed for high crew survival, equipped with a remote-controlled weapon station, machine guns, a mortar, and smoke grenades. It can carry a crew of three and up to nine infantrymen or casualties.

What is the Sholef, and why did it not enter production?

The Sholef was a prototype 155 mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Soltam Systems in the mid-1980s, utilizing a modified Merkava Mk 1 chassis. It featured an automatic loading system and advanced navigation but was ultimately not put into production, as the IDF opted for an upgraded version of the American M109 howitzer.

What is the Carmel program, and what are its objectives for a future armored vehicle?

The Carmel program is the IDF's initiative to develop a successor to the Merkava tank. Its objectives include creating a lighter, faster, better-protected, and more lethal armored fighting vehicle, potentially reducing crew size, and exploring advanced armaments like laser cannons or electromagnetic cannons, while also considering wheeled chassis for urban environments.

What role did the Merkava Mark 1 play in the 1982 Lebanon War, and what modifications were made post-war?

In the 1982 Lebanon War, the Merkava Mark 1 proved superior to Syrian tanks and resistant to contemporary anti-tank weapons. Post-war, modifications included integrating the 60 mm mortar internally for remote firing and addressing a potential shot trap beneath the turret bustle. Chain netting was also added to counter RPGs and anti-tank rockets.

What is the 'Mazkom' system on the Merkava Mark 4?

The 'Mazkom' system refers to the Israeli-designed TSAWS (tracks, springs, and wheels system) caterpillar track system used on the Merkava Mark 4. It is specifically designed to reduce track-shedding, particularly in harsh terrain like the basalt rock conditions found in Lebanon and the Golan Heights.

How does the Merkava Mark 4's turret differ from previous models in terms of safety?

The Merkava Mark 4's turret is electrically powered, unlike the hydraulic systems in some earlier tanks. This electrical system uses no flammable liquids, reducing the risk of fire if the turret is penetrated. Additionally, the turret is 'dry,' meaning no active rounds are stored within it.

What specific threats does the Trophy APS on the Merkava Mark 4M 'Windbreaker' counter?

The Trophy APS on the Merkava Mark 4M 'Windbreaker' is designed to counter threats such as rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and anti-tank missiles (ATGMs), including those with tandem-charge warheads like the 9M133 Kornet.

What technological advancements from the IAI Lavi program were incorporated into the Merkava Mark 4?

Features from the IAI Lavi fighter jet program, such as hull shaping, non-reflective paints for radar cross-section reduction, and shielding for engine heat plumes to reduce infrared signature, were incorporated into the Merkava Mark 4 to make it harder for thermal imagers and radar to detect and target.

What is the purpose of the modular armor system on the Merkava Mark 4?

The removable modular armor on the Merkava Mark 4 is designed to allow damaged tanks to be rapidly repaired and returned to service. This system can be easily removed and replaced, contributing to the tank's overall battlefield survivability and maintainability.

What is the Merkava ARV 'Nemmera'?

The Merkava ARV 'Nemmera' (initially called 'Namer') is an armored recovery vehicle based on a Merkava Mark 3 or 4 chassis. It is capable of towing disabled tanks and carries a backup power pack that can be swapped in the field within 90 minutes.

What is the 'Tagash' variant of the Merkava 4?

The Tagash is an armored vehicle-launched bridge (AVLB) variant of the Merkava 4. It was delivered to the Philippine Army as part of a government-to-government deal with Israel.

What was the reported effectiveness of the Merkava tanks during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War?

During the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, Hamas reportedly distributed advice on defeating the Merkava's Trophy APS, suggesting tactics like close-range firing or using specific weapons. While some tanks were damaged or destroyed, including one by a drone-dropped grenade, reports also indicated that slat armor was added to Merkavas for drone protection, and Hamas drone attacks were sometimes unsuccessful.

What is the significance of the Merkava's rear entrance and its design?

The Merkava's rear entrance, featuring clamshell-style doors, provides a protected means for crew and personnel to enter or exit the tank. This design enhances survivability during operations and allows the tank to serve multiple roles, including troop transport or medical evacuation, by accommodating stretchers.

How many Merkava tanks were built for each main variant according to the provided table?

According to the table: - Merkava Mark 1: 250 built. - Merkava Mark 2: 580 built. - Merkava Mark 3: 780 built. - Merkava Mark 4: 360 in service with 300 units being delivered.

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Development

Genesis of a Tank

The genesis of the Merkava main battle tank lies in Israel's strategic imperative for a domestically produced armored vehicle, spurred by lessons learned from the 1973 Yom Kippur War and previous collaborations with the UK on the Chieftain tank. Following the cancellation of the Chieftain deal, Israel initiated its own development program in the late 1960s, culminating in the first prototypes by 1974. The Merkava was officially adopted by the IDF in 1979, marking a significant milestone in Israeli defense manufacturing.^[1]

Design Philosophy: Crew Protection

A defining characteristic of the Merkava is its unwavering focus on crew survivability. Unlike conventional tank designs, the Merkava places the engine in the front, providing an additional layer of protection against frontal assaults. This unique layout, coupled with a rear-access compartment, enhances crew safety and allows for versatile use as a platform for medical evacuation, command and control, or troop transport in emergency situations.^[13]

Indigenous Production

The Merkava is a testament to Israel's robust defense industry. Over 90% of its components, from the main armament to intricate electronic systems, are manufactured locally by Israeli defense contractors. This high degree of domestic production ensures greater control over development, maintenance, and upgrades, fostering self-reliance and technological advancement.^[19]

Variants

Merkava Mark I

The foundational model, entering service in 1979. It featured a 105mm M64 main gun, two 7.62mm machine guns, and an externally mounted 60mm mortar. Its design prioritized crew protection with a front-mounted engine and rear access. It saw extensive combat in the 1982 Lebanon War, proving its effectiveness and survivability.^[22]

Merkava Mark II

Introduced in 1983, the Mark II incorporated numerous improvements based on combat experience. Key upgrades included relocating the 60mm mortar internally for remote firing, enhanced fire-control systems, improved thermal optics, and the addition of anti-rocket netting for better protection against infantry anti-tank weapons. Later sub-variants (IIB, IIC, IID) introduced further enhancements like improved armor and top-turret protection.^[24]

Merkava Mark III

Entering service in 1989, the Mark III represented a significant leap forward. It was equipped with a more powerful 120mm smoothbore gun, an upgraded powertrain, and advanced electronic systems. The "BAZ" system and "Dor-Dalet" variants introduced further enhancements, including modular composite armor, independent turret traverse, and advanced fire-control systems, significantly increasing its accuracy and lethality.^[25]

Merkava Mark IV

The latest iteration, with production beginning in 2004. The Mark IV features enhanced modular armor, a new fire-control system, and improved sensors. A crucial development is the integration of the Trophy active protection system (APS), designated "Windbreaker" (Meil Ruach), significantly boosting its defense against modern threats. The Mark 4M variant specifically denotes the integration of the Trophy APS.^[29]

Merkava 4 Barak

An advanced upgrade of the Mark IV, entering service in 2023. The Barak boasts an enhanced Trophy APS, 360-degree situational awareness cameras, a fighter jet-style helmet-mounted display for the commander, advanced sensors for rapid target acquisition, electronic warfare capabilities, and potentially a directed energy system for intercepting drones and missiles.^[34]

Specifications

Mass & Dimensions

The Merkava's substantial design is reflected in its weight, with variants ranging from approximately 61 to 65 tonnes. Its length, including the gun barrel, extends to over 9 meters, with a width of around 3.7 meters and a height of approximately 2.7 meters to the turret roof. These dimensions contribute to its imposing presence and robust protection.^[1]

Crew & Armor

Typically operated by a crew of four (commander, driver, gunner, loader), the Merkava's design emphasizes crew survivability through its advanced composite and sloped armor. The specific composition is classified, but it is engineered to withstand significant threats, with modular designs allowing for rapid repair and upgrades.^[13]

Armament

The primary armament has evolved from the 105mm rifled gun on early models to the 120mm smoothbore gun on the Mark III and IV, capable of firing advanced ammunition and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). Secondary armament includes multiple 7.62mm machine guns, a 12.7mm heavy machine gun, and a 60mm internal mortar for close-in defense and support.^[25]

Mobility

Powered by a German MTU diesel engine (or licensed variants), the Merkava boasts a formidable power output, ranging from 908 hp to 1500 hp. This provides a power-to-weight ratio that enables speeds of up to 64 km/h on roads. Its operational range is typically around 500 km, supported by substantial fuel capacity.^[9]

Combat History

1982 Lebanon War

The Merkava's combat debut in the 1982 Lebanon War showcased its superior protection and firepower compared to contemporary Syrian tanks. While losses were sustained, the Merkava proved highly resilient against the anti-tank weapons of the era. Its ability to be converted into makeshift APCs or ambulances highlighted its operational flexibility.^[41]

Intifadas & Gaza Conflicts

During the Second Intifada and subsequent operations in Gaza, Merkava tanks, particularly earlier variants, faced threats like roadside bombs and advanced ATGMs. While some tanks were lost or damaged, the IDF reported satisfaction with the Mark IV's performance, emphasizing the effectiveness of upgrades like the Trophy APS in later conflicts.^[43]

2006 Lebanon War

In the 2006 conflict, Merkava tanks, primarily Mark IIIs and early Mark IVs, engaged Hezbollah forces armed with advanced ATGMs. While several tanks were hit and some destroyed, analysis indicated that crew survivability improved over previous generations. The war highlighted the evolving threat landscape and the need for advanced protection systems.^[45]

Modern Engagements (2014-Present)

In recent conflicts, including Operation Protective Edge (2014) and the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, Merkava tanks, especially the Mark 4M variants equipped with the Trophy APS, have demonstrated significant effectiveness. The Trophy system has proven successful in intercepting numerous threats, and modifications like slat armor have been implemented to counter drone attacks. Despite facing sophisticated asymmetric threats, the Merkava continues to be a formidable platform.^[66]

Derivatives

Namer IFV

Based on the Merkava Mark IV chassis, the Namer (Hebrew for "leopardess") is a heavily armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV). Introduced around 2008, it carries a crew of three and up to nine infantrymen, or casualties in an ambulance variant. It is armed with a remote-controlled weapon station and features advanced protection systems, making it highly survivable in urban combat.^[80]

Nemmera ARV

The Merkava Armored Recovery Vehicle (ARV), initially named Namer but later renamed Nemmera, utilizes Merkava chassis to provide recovery and towing capabilities. It can tow disabled tanks and carries a backup power pack for rapid field repairs, enhancing operational readiness.

Sholef Howitzer

The Sholef was a 155mm self-propelled howitzer prototype developed in the mid-1980s, based on a modified Merkava chassis. It featured a long-range gun with an automatic loading system and advanced fire-control capabilities. While technologically advanced, it did not enter mass production.^[81]

Successor Program

Project Carmel

Recognizing the evolving battlefield and the impact of technologies like active protection systems, the IDF initiated Project Carmel to develop a future family of armored fighting vehicles. This program aims to create lighter, more mobile platforms with advanced capabilities, potentially incorporating directed-energy weapons, hybrid-electric engines, and reduced crews. The goal is to create versatile vehicles that can operate effectively in both conventional and asymmetric warfare scenarios.^[82]

Future Concepts

Prototypes developed by major Israeli defense contractors like Elbit, Rafael, and IAI have explored concepts such as AI-assisted target identification, 360-degree virtual reality views for crews (Iron Vision), and autonomous operation. These advancements signal a shift towards highly networked and intelligent armored systems for the future battlefield.^[88]

Operators

Current Operators

The primary operator of the Merkava main battle tank and its variants is the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Its robust design and continuous upgrades ensure its role as the backbone of Israel's armored corps.^[94]

Variants in Service

The Philippines operates the Merkava AVLB (Armored Vehicle-Launched Bridge) variant, acquired as part of a defense agreement with Israel, demonstrating the adaptability of the Merkava platform for specialized roles.^[93]

Potential Operators

Cyprus has been reported to be in discussions regarding the potential acquisition of Merkava Mark 3 tanks, indicating international interest in the Merkava's capabilities.^[96]

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References

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Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not military advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional military analysis, strategic consultation, or expert opinion. Always refer to official military documentation and consult with qualified professionals for specific operational needs.

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The Merkava: Israel's Armored Sentinel

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Development ⚙️

📜 Genesis of a Tank

🛡️ Design Philosophy: Crew Protection

🏭 Indigenous Production

Variants 🛢️

1️⃣ Merkava Mark I

2️⃣ Merkava Mark II

3️⃣ Merkava Mark III

4️⃣ Merkava Mark IV

⚡ Merkava 4 Barak

Specifications 📏

⚖️ Mass & Dimensions

👨‍✈️ Crew & Armor

💥 Armament

⛽ Mobility

Combat History ⚔️

🇱🇧 1982 Lebanon War

🇵🇸 Intifadas & Gaza Conflicts

🇱🇧 2006 Lebanon War

🛡️ Modern Engagements (2014-Present)

Derivatives 🛠️

🚶 Namer IFV

🔧 Nemmera ARV

💣 Sholef Howitzer

Successor Program 🚀

💡 Project Carmel

🤖 Future Concepts

Operators 🌍

🇮🇱 Current Operators

🇵🇭 Variants in Service

🇨🇾 Potential Operators

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Development

Genesis of a Tank

Design Philosophy: Crew Protection

Indigenous Production

Variants

Merkava Mark I

Merkava Mark II

Merkava Mark III

Merkava Mark IV

Merkava 4 Barak

Specifications

Mass & Dimensions

Crew & Armor

Armament

Mobility

Combat History

1982 Lebanon War

Intifadas & Gaza Conflicts

2006 Lebanon War

Modern Engagements (2014-Present)

Derivatives

Namer IFV

Nemmera ARV

Sholef Howitzer

Successor Program

Project Carmel

Future Concepts

Operators

Current Operators

Variants in Service

Potential Operators

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice