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Ontario, California

A Comprehensive Urban Profile: From Colony Roots to Modern Metropolis

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Introduction

Location & Context

Ontario is a significant city situated in southwestern San Bernardino County, California. Strategically positioned 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown Los Angeles and 23 miles (37 km) west of the county seat, San Bernardino, it serves as a key component of the Inland Empire metropolitan area. Its proximity to Los Angeles County places it within the broader Greater Los Angeles Area.

Population & Scale

As per the 2020 census, Ontario recorded a population of 175,265 residents. This figure establishes it as the third most populous city within San Bernardino County, the 25th largest in California, and ranks it among the top 150 most populous cities in the United States.

Economic Hub

Ontario is notably the home of Ontario International Airport (ONT), a major cargo and passenger hub. It plays a critical role in managing freight traffic originating from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, channeling it to the rest of the nation, underscoring its logistical importance.

Historical Trajectory

Indigenous & Colonial Eras

The region was originally inhabited by the Tongva people for over a millennium, within a territory known as Tovaangar. Spanish colonization began in 1769 with the Portolá expedition, leading to the establishment of missions and the incorporation of the area into the Province of Las Californias, later Nueva California, and eventually Alta California under Mexican rule.

The Model Colony Founding

In 1881, Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers purchased land, establishing a settlement named "Ontario" in honor of their home province. They developed innovative irrigation systems and laid out Euclid Avenue, creating a planned community known as the "Model Colony," which attracted agricultural settlers and those seeking a healthier climate.

Growth & Transformation

Following the Mexican-American War, California became part of the United States. Ontario was incorporated as a city in 1891. The early economy thrived on citrus farming, olive cultivation, and dairy, later transitioning towards manufacturing (notably General Electric irons) and, post-WWII, experiencing significant growth driven by the aerospace industry and housing booms. Today, its economy is heavily influenced by service industries and warehousing.

Geographical Attributes

Area & Waterways

Ontario encompasses a total area of 50.0 square miles (129.50 km²), with 49.97 square miles (129.43 km²) constituting land and a minimal 0.13% dedicated to water. The city is traversed by the Santa Ana River, a significant geographical feature of Southern California.

Elevation & Topography

The city is situated at an elevation of 1,004 feet (306 meters) above sea level. Its location places it near the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, influencing its topography and providing access to water resources historically managed from Mount San Antonio.

Location Context

Ontario is strategically located within the Inland Empire region, east of Los Angeles County and west of San Bernardino. Its position is visualized on maps highlighting its relation to Los Angeles County, the state of California, and the United States.

Climate Profile

Classification & Conditions

Ontario experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wetter winters. The region is frequently affected by Santa Ana Winds, particularly during autumn and winter, which are hot, dry offshore winds.

The following table details average and extreme climate data for Ontario, based on normals from 1991-2020 and extremes recorded from 1998 onwards at Ontario International Airport.

Climate data for Ontario, California (1991–2020 Normals, Extremes 1998–present)
Month JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C) 90
(32)
90
(32)
94
(34)
101
(38)
103
(39)
112
(44)
117
(47)
112
(44)
118
(48)
107
(42)
98
(37)
87
(31)
118
(48)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 82.2
(27.9)
82.9
(28.3)
88.5
(31.4)
94.1
(34.5)
96.2
(35.7)
101.4
(38.6)
104.9
(40.5)
106.0
(41.1)
106.9
(41.6)
98.9
(37.2)
92.0
(33.3)
80.7
(27.1)
110.5
(43.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 67.7
(19.8)
68.1
(20.1)
71.7
(22.1)
75.7
(24.3)
79.8
(26.6)
86.4
(30.2)
93.8
(34.3)
94.9
(34.9)
91.3
(32.9)
82.6
(28.1)
74.7
(23.7)
66.9
(19.4)
79.5
(26.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 56.1
(13.4)
57.1
(13.9)
60.2
(15.7)
63.4
(17.4)
67.7
(19.8)
73.2
(22.9)
79.2
(26.2)
80.1
(26.7)
77.6
(25.3)
69.8
(21.0)
61.9
(16.6)
55.2
(12.9)
66.8
(19.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 44.6
(7.0)
46.2
(7.9)
48.7
(9.3)
51.1
(10.6)
55.6
(13.1)
60.0
(15.6)
64.7
(18.2)
65.2
(18.4)
63.8
(17.7)
57.1
(13.9)
49.0
(9.4)
43.6
(6.4)
54.1
(12.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 33.9
(1.1)
35.0
(1.7)
39.2
(4.0)
44.0
(6.7)
48.5
(9.2)
54.9
(12.7)
59.3
(15.2)
59.7
(15.4)
55.9
(13.3)
48.4
(9.1)
39.3
(4.1)
33.1
(0.6)
31.3
(-0.4)
Record low °F (°C) 25
(-4)
29
(-2)
33
(1)
33
(1)
42
(6)
46
(8)
56
(13)
56
(13)
51
(11)
41
(5)
32
(0)
28
(-2)
25
(-4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.57
(65)
3.07
(78)
1.64
(42)
0.76
(19)
0.30
(7.6)
0.02
(0.51)
0.05
(1.3)
0.03
(0.76)
0.10
(2.5)
0.41
(10)
0.80
(20)
1.89
(48)
11.64
(296)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.16.45.33.61.70.30.60.30.72.23.75.635.5
Source: NOAA (mean maxima/minima 2006–2020)

Demographic Analysis

Population Trends

Ontario has experienced substantial population growth since its incorporation. The 2020 Census recorded 175,265 residents, reflecting a 6.9% increase from 2010. The population density stands at approximately 3,507.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,354.1/km²).

The median age is 34.0 years, indicating a relatively young population demographic. Age distribution shows 24.7% under 18, 10.2% aged 18-24, 30.6% aged 25-44, 23.8% aged 45-64, and 10.6% aged 65 and older.

Ethnic Composition

Ontario exhibits a diverse population. The Hispanic or Latino demographic constitutes the largest group, representing approximately 68.43% of the population in 2020. Significant Asian (8.95%) and White (non-Hispanic) (13.69%) populations are also present, alongside Black or African American (5.90%) and other racial groups.

Ontario, California – Racial and Ethnic Composition (2020 Census)
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2020 % 2020
White alone (NH) 23,997 13.69%
Black or African American alone (NH) 10,336 5.90%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 409 0.23%
Asian alone (NH) 15,693 8.95%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 415 0.24%
Other race alone (NH) 933 0.53%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 3,554 2.03%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 119,928 68.43%
Total 175,265 100.00%

Household & Income Data

In 2020, Ontario comprised 51,312 households, with an average size of 3.4 persons. Approximately 49.9% were married-couple households, and 25.5% were female householders without a partner. Owner-occupied units accounted for 54.7% of housing.

The estimated median household income for 2023 was $82,806, with a per capita income of $31,141. Around 12.7% of the population lived below the poverty line.

Economic Drivers

Industrial Landscape

Historically rooted in agriculture (citrus, olives, dairy), Ontario's economy has evolved significantly. While manufacturing (e.g., Maglite) persists, the dominant sectors are now services and warehousing, driven by its logistical advantages.

Logistics & Distribution

Ontario serves as a major distribution hub, hosting large centers for companies like AutoZone, Cardinal Health, and Nordstrom. Ontario International Airport is a key freight gateway, reinforcing the city's role in supply chain management.

Major Employers

The city's largest employers reflect its diverse economy, including Ontario International Airport, United Parcel Service (UPS), various logistics firms, educational institutions like Chaffey Union High School District and Ontario-Montclair School District, and municipal services.

Top Employers in Ontario, CA (2023)
# Employer Employees
1 Ontario International Airport 5,000–9,999
2 United Parcel Service (UPS) 5,000–9,999
3 Workforce Personnel, Inc 5,000–9,999
4 Chaffey Union High School District 1,000–4,999
5 City of Ontario 1,000–4,999
6 Ontario-Montclair School District 1,000–4,999
7 Primary Care Assoc Med Group 1,000–4,999
8 FedEx 500–999
9 The Home Depot 500–999
10 QVC, Inc 500–999

Arts & Culture

Cultural Institutions

Ontario boasts a vibrant cultural scene, featuring three primary museums: the Ontario Museum of History and Art, the Chaffey Community Museum of Art, and the Ontario Police Museum. These institutions preserve and showcase local history and artistic endeavors.

Historic Venues & Events

The historic Granada Theatre, designed by L.A. Smith, has been a significant venue since its construction in 1925. Ontario also hosts the "Road to California," the second-largest consumer quilt show in the U.S., attracting substantial attendance and economic activity.

Public Art & Heritage

Public art is integrated into the city's fabric, including WPA murals by Nellie Geraldine Best in the Ontario post office, depicting historical scenes. The city's heritage is also celebrated through traditions like the Euclid Avenue nativity scenes and the revived All-States Picnic.

Sports & Recreation

Toyota Arena

The Toyota Arena, opened in late 2008, is the largest enclosed arena in the Inland Empire. It hosts over 125 annual events, including professional sports, concerts, and family shows. It was home to the ECHL's Ontario Reign (2008-2015) and currently hosts the MASL's Empire Strykers.

Hockey Legacy

Ontario has a notable hockey history, serving as home to the AHL's Ontario Reign (relocated Manchester Monarchs) since the 2015-16 season. The team has consistently led the league in attendance, demonstrating strong community support.

Motorsports History

The Ontario Motor Speedway, operational from 1970 to 1980, was a significant venue for major racing events, including the California 500 and NASCAR races, as well as large music festivals like California Jam. Its site now hosts Ontario Mills mall.

Governance Structure

City Council & Management

Ontario operates under a City Council/City Manager form of government. The city is governed by a five-member council, including a Mayor and Mayor Pro Tem, responsible for policy direction and oversight.

Representation

Politically, Ontario is represented at the state level by Senator Susan Rubio (22nd District) and Assemblymember Michelle Rodriguez (53rd District). Federally, it falls within California's 35th congressional district, represented by Congresswoman Norma Torres.

Educational Institutions

K-12 Districts

The city is served by multiple school districts, including Ontario/Montclair Elementary, Mt View Elementary, Cucamonga Elementary, Chino Unified, and Chaffey Joint Union High School District. Several private and specialized schools, including military academies, also operate within the city.

Higher Education

Ontario hosts campuses for several universities, including the University of La Verne College of Law, National University, Argosy University, and San Joaquin Valley College. Gateway Seminary also maintains a campus in the city, contributing to the region's educational infrastructure.

Transportation Network

Air & Freight

Ontario International Airport (ONT) is a cornerstone of the city's infrastructure, serving as a major passenger and cargo hub for FedEx and UPS. Its strategic location facilitates significant freight operations connecting ports to the national network.

Freeway Access

Major freeways serve Ontario, including Interstate 10 and State Route 60 (Pomona Freeway) running east-west, and Interstate 15 running north-south on the eastern edge. State Route 83 (Euclid Avenue) provides a key north-south artery.

Rail & Public Transit

The city is connected via Amtrak services (Sunset Limited, Texas Eagle) at its station, with Thruway bus connections. Metrolink's Ontario-East station provides regional rail access. Omnitrans manages local bus services, supplemented by connections at nearby Montclair station.

Notable Figures

Achievements

Ontario has been the birthplace or home to numerous accomplished individuals across various fields. Notable figures include:

  • Hobie Alter: Surfboard and catamaran pioneer.
  • Beverly Cleary: Newbery Medal-winning author.
  • Henry Bumstead: Academy Award-winning cinematic artist.
  • Del Crandall: MLB All-Star and manager.
  • Anthony Muñoz: Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee.
  • Frank Zappa: Iconic musician and composer.
  • Mike Sweeney: MLB player and high school sports legend.
  • Bobby Wagner: Super Bowl champion linebacker.

Additional notable residents and former residents include:

  • Jeff Ayres (NBA Champion)
  • Rod Barajas (MLB Player)
  • Madge Bellamy (Actress)
  • Jason Bowles (Stock Car Driver)
  • Eudora Stone Bumstead (Poet)
  • Andy Clyde (Actor)
  • William De Los Santos (Filmmaker)
  • Joseph Dippolito (Mob Underboss)
  • Landon Donovan (Soccer Player)
  • Prince Fielder (MLB Player)
  • José Carrera García (Footballer)
  • Ana Patricia González (Nuestra Belleza Latina Winner)
  • Bill Graber (Pole Vaulter)
  • Robert Graettinger (Composer)
  • Cle Kooiman (Soccer Player)
  • Ryan Lane (Actor)
  • Nick Leyva (MLB Manager)
  • T Lopez (Singer/Actress)
  • Sam Maloof (Furniture Designer)
  • Shelly Martinez (Professional Wrestler)
  • Al Newman (MLB Player)
  • Douglas Northway (Olympic Swimmer)
  • Joan O'Brien (Actress)
  • Charles Phoenix (Pop Culture Humorist)
  • Antonio Pierce (Football Player)
  • Sol Ruca (Professional Wrestler)
  • Joey Scarbury (Singer)
  • Robert Shaw (Conductor)
  • Joseph Wambaugh (Author)

International Relations

Sister City Affiliations

Ontario maintains formal sister city relationships with five international municipalities, fostering cultural exchange and collaboration:

  • Brockville, Ontario, Canada
  • Guamúchil, Sinaloa, Mexico
  • Mocorito, Sinaloa, Mexico
  • Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
  • Winterthur, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland (Note: Winterthur's official website disputes this affiliation)
  • Jieyang, China

Notes

Clarifications

A note regarding Winterthur, Switzerland, indicates a discrepancy in the sister city status as reported by Winterthur's official sources.

References

Source Citations

The information presented is derived from publicly available data, primarily the Wikipedia article on Ontario, California. Specific citations are managed programmatically.

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References

References

  1.  However, according to the official website by the city of Winterthur, Ontario is not one of its partner cities.
  2.  City History Retrieved October 21, 2017
  3.  Education | City of Ontario, California
  4.  vconline.org.uk
A full list of references for this article are available at the Ontario, California Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This document was generated by an AI and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy based on the provided source data, it may not be exhaustive or entirely up-to-date. This content does not constitute professional advice (e.g., urban planning, economic, or historical consultation). Always consult official sources and qualified professionals for specific applications or decisions.