What is Operation Atlantic Resolve, and what is its primary objective?

Operation Atlantic Resolve encompasses military activities initiated in response to Russian operations in Ukraine, particularly the War in Donbas. The United States describes these activities as measures to enhance NATO military plans and defense capabilities, while also maintaining a persistent military presence in Central and Eastern Europe.

How was Operation Atlantic Resolve funded?

Operation Atlantic Resolve was funded under the European Deterrence Initiative, which is a program designed to reassure NATO allies and partners and deter potential aggression.

What immediate actions did the US and UK take following Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine to enhance deterrence?

In the immediate aftermath of Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine, the US and UK took several steps to enhance the deterrence posture along NATO's eastern flank. These actions included augmenting air, ground, and naval presence in the region, and enhancing previously scheduled military exercises.

Who is responsible for overseeing the rotations for Operation Atlantic Resolve?

Atlantic Resolve rotations are overseen by a regionally aligned headquarters located in Europe, ensuring coordinated military efforts.

What military activities are depicted in the image related to Operation Atlantic Resolve?

The source material includes an image depicting soldiers from Estonia, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden, and the United States participating in Estonia's annual Admiral Pitka Recon Challenge, an event that likely involves reconnaissance and military skills.

When and where did the initial airborne operations for Operation Atlantic Resolve begin?

Initial airborne operations began on April 30, 2014, with United States Army and United States Air Force military members sent to Poland and the Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.

What specific event triggered the immediate response of US military deployments in April 2014?

The immediate response of US military deployments in April 2014 was triggered by Russia's illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula on March 18, 2014.

Were the initial airborne operations part of a larger NATO action?

No, the initial airborne operations in April 2014 were conducted on a bilateral basis between the United States and the partner nations, not as part of a larger NATO action.

Which US Army and Air Force units comprised the initial airborne force deployed in April 2014?

The initial airborne force consisted of four companies, approximately 150 soldiers, from the 173rd Brigade Combat Team, an airborne unit based out of Vicenza, Italy. Supporting units included Air Force Joint Terminal Attack Controllers from the 2nd Air Support Operations Squadron out of Vilseck, Germany.

How were the troops for the initial airborne operations transported?

Troops for the initial airborne operations were transported with assistance from the United States Air Force 37th Airlift Squadron, which is based out of Ramstein Air Base, Germany.

How long did the initial rotations of the airborne force last before a more formal version of Operation Atlantic Resolve was established?

The initial rotations of the airborne force lasted for ninety days each, continuing through to the end of 2014, at which point a more formal version of Operation Atlantic Resolve was put into place.

What was the 'Road march' component of Operation Atlantic Resolve, also known as Operation Dragoon Ride?

The Road march, also known as Operation Dragoon Ride, was a convoy of US Army armored fighting vehicles, including Strykers, that returned via road to their garrison in Vilseck, Germany, after maneuvers in Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.

When did the first 'Dragoon Ride' take place, and which US Army unit was involved?

The first Dragoon Ride started in March 2015 and involved soldiers from the U.S. 3rd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, who were in Germany during this period.

Where are the aerial assets for Operation Atlantic Resolve primarily deployed?

The aerial assets for Operation Atlantic Resolve are mostly deployed to Ämari Air Base, Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, Papa Air Base, and Illesheim Army Airfield.

Which were the first aerial units deployed for Operation Atlantic Resolve, and what aircraft did they use?

The first aerial units deployed were the 159th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron and the 123d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, both equipped with McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagles, with the 123d EFS also having a single F-15D. They were deployed from April 2015 for six months.

Which Air Force units and aircraft participated in Operation Atlantic Resolve between February and July 2015?

Between February and July 2015, the 355th Fighter Wing's 354th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron participated with 12 Fairchild Republic A-10C Thunderbolt II aircraft. They were initially at Spangdahlem Air Base before being forward deployed to an Eastern European Air base.

Which Air Force unit deployed A-10C Thunderbolt IIs to Amari from August 2015?

The 442nd Fighter Wing's 303d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed 8 A-10C Thunderbolt IIs to Amari Air Base starting in August 2015.

Which Air Force unit deployed A-10C Thunderbolt IIs between September 2015 and March 2016, and where were they based?

The 23d Fighter Group's 74th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed 12 A-10C Thunderbolt IIs between September 2015 and March 2016, operating from various bases.

Which Air Force units deployed F-15C aircraft between April and September 2016?

The 104th Fighter Wing's 131st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed F-15Cs between April and September 2016, and the 144th Fighter Wing's 194th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed F-15Cs and F-15Ds from April 2016.

Which Air Force unit deployed A-10C Thunderbolt IIs until August 2016?

The 122d Fighter Wing's 163d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed A-10C Thunderbolt IIs until August 2016.

Which Air Force unit deployed A-10C Thunderbolt IIs from July 2016?

The 442nd Fighter Wing's 303d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed A-10C Thunderbolt IIs from July 2016.

Which Air Force unit deployed F-16C Fighting Falcons between July and August 2016?

The 140th Wing's 120th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed F-16C Fighting Falcons between July and August 2016.

Which Air Force units deployed F-15C aircraft between August and September 2016?

The 48th Fighter Wing's 493d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron and the 144th Fighter Wing's 194th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron both deployed F-15Cs between August and September 2016.

Which Air Force units deployed F-15C aircraft until August 2017?

The 125th Fighter Wing's 159th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron and the 159th Fighter Wing's 122d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron both deployed F-15Cs until August 2017, with their start dates unspecified in the provided text.

Which Air Force unit deployed F-16s from January 2018?

The 180th Fighter Wing's 112th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed F-16s from January 2018.

Which Air Force unit deployed F-16s from April 2019?

The 301st Fighter Wing's 457th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed F-16s from April 2019.

Which US Army aviation units participated in Operation Atlantic Resolve and during what periods?

Several US Army aviation units participated in Operation Atlantic Resolve: Task Force Brawler, 4th Battalion, 3rd Aviation Regiment, 3rd Combat Aviation Brigade (the first RAF unit for OAR), from March 2015 to November 2015; Task Force Spearhead, 3rd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, from November 2015 to August 2016; Task Force Apocalypse, 3rd Battalion, 501st Aviation Regiment, 1st Armored Combat Aviation Brigade, from August 2016 to March 2017; 10th Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division, from March 2017 to October 2017 (including 1st Battalion, 501st Aviation Regiment, 1AD CAB, Ft Bliss, TX, with 25 AH-64s and 400 soldiers); 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, from October 2017 to July 2018; 4th Combat Aviation Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, from July 2018 to March 2019; 1st Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, from March 2019 to November 2019; 3rd Combat Aviation Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division from November 2019 to July 2020; 101st Combat Aviation Brigade, 101st Airborne Division from July 2020 to March 2021; 1st Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, from March 2021 to December 2021; 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, from December 2021 to September 2022; Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division (United States) from September 2022 to May 2023; and 3rd Combat Aviation Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division from May 2023 to February 2024.

What was the composition of the US ground forces deployed in January 2017 as part of Operation Atlantic Resolve?

In January 2017, the US ground forces deployed as part of Operation Atlantic Resolve consisted of 3,500 troops from the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, along with 87 tanks and 144 Bradley fighting vehicles.

Where did the US ground forces initially gather in January 2017, and how did they then spread out?

The US ground forces initially gathered in Poland in January 2017, before spreading out across seven countries, ranging from Estonia to Bulgaria.

Where is the equipment for the continuously rotating armored brigade permanently based in Poland?

The equipment for the continuously rotating armored brigade is permanently based in Żagań, in western Poland, alongside a Polish armored division, specifically the 34th Armoured Cavalry Brigade, 11th Armoured Cavalry Division.

Which US armored brigade replaced the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, in September 2017?

The 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, replaced the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, in September 2017.

Which US armored brigade became the rotational force in May 2018?

As of May 2018, the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, became the rotational force for Operation Atlantic Resolve.

Which US armored brigade completed its rotation in October 2019, and which unit replaced it?

The 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, completed their rotation during October 2019 and were replaced by the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division.

Which US armored brigade replaced the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, around November or December 2020?

The 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, replaced the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, in approximately November or December 2020.

Which US armored brigade was announced in June 2021 to replace the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, in August 2021?

In June 2021, it was announced that the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, would replace the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, in August 2021.

What US Army unit and equipment were deployed to Pabradė, Lithuania, on September 4, 2020, for training?

On September 4, 2020, the US Army deployed the 2nd Battalion of the 69th Armor Regiment, part of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Division, for training in Pabradė, Lithuania. They deployed with M1 Abrams tanks, Bradley Fighting Vehicles, and other vehicles and material.

What was the role of V Corps in March 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine?

On March 8, 2022, V Corps' main headquarters forward deployed to Germany to provide additional command and control of U.S. Army forces in Europe, as part of a larger personnel buildup in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

How did Polish officials and the public react to the NATO deployment in early January 2017?

Polish officials welcomed the NATO deployment in early January 2017, describing it as a necessary response to Russian military exercises near their border and Russia's military intervention in Ukraine. Members of the public also welcomed the materiel as it crossed into south-western Poland from Germany.

What was the reaction in Germany to the January 2017 NATO deployment?

The January 2017 NATO deployment sparked protests in Germany and prompted critical reactions among the country’s center-left political parties. However, it was defended by Germany’s ruling CDU/CSU coalition and German military officials.

How was an article published by the Donbas News International agency cited in relation to the deployment?

An article about the deployment published by the Donbas News International agency and its subsequent circulation in the Western conspiracy-theory cybersphere and Russian mediasphere was cited as an example of the creation and spread of fake news.

What caution did the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette issue regarding the deployment?

An editorial by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette cautioned anyone against using the deployment as a domestic political tool.

Operation Atlantic Resolve Wiki: Vigilant Presence: Understanding Operation Atlantic Resolve

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Operation Overview

A Strategic Response

Operation Atlantic Resolve (OAR) encompasses a series of military activities initiated by the United States in direct response to Russian military operations in Ukraine, particularly the conflict in Donbas.^[1] This enduring commitment to regional security is financially supported by the European Deterrence Initiative, underscoring a long-term strategic posture.

Enhancing NATO's Eastern Flank

Following Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, the United States and the United Kingdom swiftly implemented measures to bolster the deterrence capabilities along NATO's eastern border.^[1] These actions included a significant augmentation of air, ground, and naval presence, alongside the enhancement of pre-scheduled military exercises. The overarching goal is to reinforce NATO's defense plans and maintain a consistent military presence across Central and Eastern Europe.^[1]

Rotational Command Structure

The various rotations and deployments under Operation Atlantic Resolve are meticulously managed and overseen by a dedicated, regionally aligned headquarters. This structure ensures continuous coordination and responsiveness to the evolving geopolitical landscape in the European theater.^[2]^[3]

Operational Origins

The 2014 Genesis

Operation Atlantic Resolve commenced on April 30, 2014, as an immediate response to Russia's illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula on March 18, 2014.^[4] This initial phase involved the deployment of United States Army and Air Force personnel to Poland and the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia) for bilateral military exercises with partner nations, distinct from a broader NATO action.^[4]^[5]

Initial Airborne Deployments

The initial force comprised approximately 150 soldiers, organized into four companies, from the 173rd Brigade Combat Team (Airborne) based in Vicenza, Italy. These ground forces were supported by Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTACs) from the 2nd Air Support Operations Squadron out of Vilseck, Germany.^[4] Troop transport was facilitated by the USAF's 37th Airlift Squadron from Ramstein Air Base, Germany.^[4]^[5]

Transition to Formal Operations

These four companies underwent ninety-day rotations until the end of 2014, at which point a more formalized and structured version of Operation Atlantic Resolve was officially established. This transition marked a shift from immediate, ad-hoc responses to a sustained, strategic presence in the region.^[4]^[5]

Airborne Operations

Air Force Contributions

Aerial assets are strategically deployed across various air bases in Europe, including Ämari Air Base, Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, Papa Air Base, and Illesheim Army Airfield. These bases serve as critical hubs for maintaining air superiority and providing rapid response capabilities.

Key Air Force units and their aircraft deployed under OAR:

159th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron (EFS) with F-15C Eagles (April 2015, six months)^[8]
123d EFS with F-15C/D Eagles (April 2015, six months)^[8]
354th EFS (355th Fighter Wing) with 12 x A-10C Thunderbolt IIs (Feb-July 2015)^[9]^[10]
303d EFS (442nd Fighter Wing) with 8 x A-10C Thunderbolt IIs (Aug 2015 at Amari)^[10]
74th EFS (23d Fighter Group) with 12 x A-10C Thunderbolt IIs (Sep 2015-Mar 2016)^[10]^[11]
131st EFS (104th Fighter Wing) with F-15Cs (Apr-Sep 2016)^[12]
194th EFS (144th Fighter Wing) with F-15C/Ds (from Apr 2016)^[12]
163d EFS (122d Fighter Wing) with A-10C Thunderbolt IIs (until Aug 2016)^[13]
303d EFS (442nd Fighter Wing) with A-10C Thunderbolt IIs (from Jul 2016)^[14]
120th EFS (140th Wing) with F-16C Fighting Falcons (Jul-Aug 2016)^[13]
493d EFS (48th Fighter Wing) with F-15Cs (Aug-Sep 2016)^[15]
194th EFS (144th Fighter Wing) with F-15Cs (Aug-Sep 2016)^[15]
159th EFS (125th Fighter Wing) with F-15Cs (until Aug 2017)^[16]
122d EFS (159th Fighter Wing) with F-15Cs (until Aug 2017)^[16]
112th EFS (180th Fighter Wing) with F-16s (from Jan 2018)^[17]
457th EFS (301st Fighter Wing) with F-16s (from Apr 2019)^[18]

The Roadmarch

Operation Dragoon Ride

In March 2015, a significant demonstration of military mobility and presence occurred with the "Dragoon Ride." This operation involved a convoy of U.S. Army armored fighting vehicles, including Strykers, returning by road to their garrison in Vilseck, Germany, after completing maneuvers in Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.^[6] The road march commenced approximately one week after its announcement.^[7]

A Visible Deterrent

The Dragoon Ride served as a highly visible manifestation of the United States' commitment to its NATO allies and partners in Eastern Europe. By traversing public roads through multiple countries, the convoy underscored the ability to rapidly deploy and maneuver heavy military assets across the region, sending a clear message of reassurance and deterrence.

Ground Assets

Armored Brigade Rotations

Since January 2017, the ground component of Operation Atlantic Resolve has featured continuous nine-month rotations of U.S. Army armored brigades. These brigades, typically comprising around 3,500 troops, 87 tanks, and 144 Bradley fighting vehicles, initially gather in Poland before dispersing across seven countries, from Estonia to Bulgaria.^[24] The equipment is permanently stationed in Żagań, western Poland, alongside a Polish armored division.^[25]

Notable ground unit rotations include:

3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division: January 2017^[24]
2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division: Replaced in September 2017^[26]
1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division: From May 2018^[27]
1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division: Completed rotation October 2019^[28]
2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division: Replaced 1st ABCT, 1st ID in October 2019^[28]
1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division: Replaced 2nd ABCT, 1st CAV around Nov/Dec 2020
1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division: Replaced 1st ABCT, 1st CAV in August 2021

Additionally, on September 4, 2020, the 2nd Battalion of the 69th Armor Regiment, part of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Division, deployed to Pabradė, Lithuania, with M1 Abrams tanks, Bradley Fighting Vehicles, and other essential equipment for training.^[29]

Army Aviation Brigades

Aviation assets play a crucial role in providing aerial support, reconnaissance, and rapid transport capabilities across the operational area. These units rotate regularly to maintain readiness and integrate with ground forces.

Key Army aviation brigade rotations include:

Task Force Brawler, 4th Battalion, 3rd Aviation Regiment, 3rd Combat Aviation Brigade: March 2015 to November 2015
Task Force Spearhead, 3rd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, 1st Air Cavalry Brigade: November 2015 to August 2016
Task Force Apocalypse, 3rd Battalion, 501st Aviation Regiment, 1st Armored Combat Aviation Brigade: August 2016 to March 2017
10th Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division: March 2017 to October 2017^[19] (including 1st Battalion, 501st Aviation Regiment with 25 AH-64s and 400 soldiers)
1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division: October 2017 to July 2018
4th Combat Aviation Brigade, 4th Infantry Division: July 2018 to March 2019^[20]
1st Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division: March 2019 to November 2019^[21]
3rd Combat Aviation Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division: November 2019 to July 2020^[21]^[22]
101st Combat Aviation Brigade, 101st Airborne Division: July 2020 to March 2021^[23]
1st Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division: March 2021 to December 2021
1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division: December 2021 to September 2022
Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Armored Division (United States): September 2022 to May 2023
3rd Combat Aviation Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division: May 2023 to February 2024

Command and Control Evolution

On March 8, 2022, V Corps' main headquarters forward deployed to Germany. This strategic move was undertaken to enhance the command and control capabilities for U.S. Army forces operating in Europe, forming part of a broader personnel buildup in direct response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. This deployment signifies an adaptive and robust command structure to manage the increased operational tempo and complexity in the region.

Geopolitical Reactions

Allied Support

The deployments under Operation Atlantic Resolve have garnered significant support from allied nations. An opinion poll conducted by the independent STEM agency in 2015 revealed that 82% of Czech citizens approved of and supported the U.S. Army-NATO convoy during Operation Dragoon Ride.^[30] Similarly, Polish officials and the public warmly welcomed a NATO deployment in early January 2017, viewing it as a necessary countermeasure to Russian military exercises near their border and Russia's intervention in Ukraine.^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]

German Perspectives

In Germany, the same January 2017 deployment elicited mixed reactions. While the country's ruling CDU/CSU coalition and German military officials defended the necessity of the deployment, it also sparked protests and drew critical responses from center-left political parties.^[35]^[36] This highlights the complex domestic political considerations surrounding international military operations.

Information Warfare

The deployment also became a subject of information warfare. An article published by the Donbas News International (DNI) agency, which subsequently circulated within Western conspiracy-theory and Russian media spheres, was cited as a prime example of the creation and dissemination of "fake news."^[37] This incident underscores the challenges of maintaining factual narratives in a highly charged geopolitical environment. An editorial from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette further cautioned against the instrumentalization of such deployments for domestic political gain.^[38]

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References

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional military or geopolitical advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for expert analysis from defense strategists, international relations specialists, or official government and military sources. Always refer to official documentation and consult with qualified professionals for specific strategic or policy considerations. Never disregard professional advice because of something you have read on this website.

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Vigilant Presence

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Operation Overview ℹ️

🌍 A Strategic Response

🤝 Enhancing NATO's Eastern Flank

🔄 Rotational Command Structure

Operational Origins 📜

🗓️ The 2014 Genesis

✈️ Initial Airborne Deployments

🔄 Transition to Formal Operations

Airborne Operations 🪂

🦅 Air Force Contributions

The Roadmarch 🛣️

🚚 Operation Dragoon Ride

💪 A Visible Deterrent

Ground Assets 🪖

🛡️ Armored Brigade Rotations

🚁 Army Aviation Brigades

HQ Command and Control Evolution

Geopolitical Reactions 🗣️

🇨🇿🇵🇱 Allied Support

🇩🇪 German Perspectives

📰 Information Warfare

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Operation Overview

A Strategic Response

Enhancing NATO's Eastern Flank

Rotational Command Structure

Operational Origins

The 2014 Genesis

Initial Airborne Deployments

Transition to Formal Operations

Airborne Operations

Air Force Contributions

The Roadmarch

Operation Dragoon Ride

A Visible Deterrent

Ground Assets

Armored Brigade Rotations

Army Aviation Brigades

Command and Control Evolution

Geopolitical Reactions

Allied Support

German Perspectives

Information Warfare

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice