The Political Compass

🎯 Core Allegiance

At its essence, a partisan is an individual deeply committed to or a staunch supporter of a particular political party or movement. This commitment often translates into a strong adherence to the party's policies and a notable reluctance to engage in compromise with political adversaries, particularly evident within multi-party governmental structures.

🌐 Beyond Simple Affiliation

While often associated with mere membership, partisanship denotes a profound psychological identification. This goes beyond simply voting for a party; it encompasses an individual's self-perception and their alignment with a party's broader ideological framework. This deep-seated connection can influence perceptions, interpretations of events, and even responses to seemingly objective information.

📜 The Concept of 'Partiinost''

The Russian term Partiinost' (Chinese: Dangxing), often translated as "party-mindedness," "partisanship," or "party spirit," is a foundational concept within Marxism-Leninism. It functions both as a philosophical position concerning the sociology of knowledge and as an official doctrine guiding public intellectual life in the Soviet Union.

Coined by Vladimir Lenin in 1895, Partiinost' emerged as a direct challenge to the notion of objectivity in political and economic analysis, particularly in response to figures like Peter Struve. Lenin argued that in a society characterized by antagonistic classes, genuine objectivity, in the sense of non-partisanship, is inherently unattainable. Instead, he posited that class interests and material conditions inevitably shape ideology.

👁️ Objectivity and Class Interests

From a Marxist-Leninist perspective, the emphasis on a normative goal of objectivity, often championed by the bourgeoisie, is considered a delusion. Marxists, Lenin asserted, should forthrightly acknowledge their partisanship, aligning themselves unequivocally with the cause of proletarian revolution. This perspective views Partiinost' as a universal and unavoidable dimension of political and ideological existence, though its presence is frequently obscured or outright denied by the ruling class.

The Communist Party consistently upholds the principle of partiinost'.
Defending and substantiating the goals and tasks of the working class
and the policies of the Communist Party, Marxist-Leninist theory
mercilessly criticizes the exploiters' system, its politics, and its ideology.
... By contrast, the bourgeoisie, whose interests conflict with those of the
majority, is forced to hide its self-seeking aspirations, to pretend that
its economic and political aims are those of society as a whole, and to
wrap itself in the toga of non-partisanship.

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