What is the official name of Pennsylvania, and what regions does it span within the United States?

Pennsylvania's official name is the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It spans the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States.

Which states and Canadian province share borders with Pennsylvania?

Pennsylvania shares borders with Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, New York, and New Jersey. It also borders the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest via Lake Erie.

What are the most populous city and the capital of Pennsylvania?

The most populous city in Pennsylvania is Philadelphia, and its capital is Harrisburg.

How does Pennsylvania rank in terms of population and population density among U.S. states?

Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous U.S. state, with over 13 million residents as of the 2020 census, and ranks ninth by population density.

What is Pennsylvania's rank in terms of land area among U.S. states?

Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by land area in the United States.

What is the nickname of Pennsylvania, and what does it signify?

Pennsylvania's nickname is "The Keystone State." This nickname originates from its central role among the original Thirteen Colonies, both geographically and functionally, and its importance in the nation's early development.

What Native American tribes inhabited Pennsylvania before European colonization, and what languages did they speak?

Before European colonization, the Lenape, who spoke an Algonquian language, inhabited the eastern regions, and the Susquehannock, who spoke an Iroquoian language, were based along the Susquehanna River in eastern Pennsylvania.

How did William Penn acquire the land for the Province of Pennsylvania?

William Penn was granted the land in 1681 by King Charles II of England to repay a debt owed to his father, Admiral William Penn.

What were two key governmental innovations introduced by William Penn in the Province of Pennsylvania?

William Penn established two innovations: the county commission system and freedom of religion, which were later adopted by many other Thirteen Colonies.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Shackamaxon signed by William Penn?

The Treaty of Shackamaxon, signed by William Penn with Tamanend, leader of the Lenape, initiated a long period of peaceful relations between the Quakers and Native American tribes, and it was never violated.

Where were the First and Second Continental Congresses held, and what significant actions were taken there?

Both the First and Second Continental Congresses were held in Philadelphia. The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and later adopted the Articles of Confederation in York, Pennsylvania, after Philadelphia was occupied by the British.

What major battle of the American Civil War took place in Pennsylvania, and what was its outcome?

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, took place in Pennsylvania. It was the deadliest battle of the Civil War and resulted in a Union victory that repelled the Confederacy's invasion of the North.

What is the significance of Philadelphia's 30th Street Station for Amtrak?

Philadelphia's 30th Street Station is Amtrak's third-busiest train station in the nation and the 12th-busiest overall in North America, serving over four million inter-city rail passengers in 2018.

What industries were central to Pennsylvania's economy in the late 19th and 20th centuries?

Pennsylvania's economy in the late 19th and 20th centuries was heavily based on steel production, coal mining, oil extraction, and manufacturing.

What are the five main geographical regions of Pennsylvania?

The five geographical regions of Pennsylvania are the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Erie Plain.

What Köppen climate classifications apply to Pennsylvania?

Much of the state has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa or Dfb), while the southern portion experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), particularly in Philadelphia.

What are the three most populated cities in Pennsylvania, in order of size?

The three most populated cities in Pennsylvania, in order of size, are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Allentown.

What is the racial composition of Pennsylvania, with a focus on the majority and minority groups?

The majority of Pennsylvania's population is White (non-Hispanic), while Black and Hispanic or Latino populations are significant minorities.

What percentage of Pennsylvania residents aged five and older spoke English as their primary language at home in 2010?

In 2010, 90.2% of Pennsylvania residents aged five and older spoke English as their primary language at home.

Which religious affiliations are most prominent among Pennsylvania residents, according to a 2023 poll?

According to a 2023 Franklin & Marshall College poll, the largest religious affiliation was "Unaffiliated" (32.0%), followed by Protestantism (29.0%) and Catholicism (24.0%).

What is Pennsylvania's gross state product (GSP) as of 2024, and how does it rank nationally?

As of 2024, Pennsylvania's gross state product (GSP) is $1.017 trillion, ranking it as the sixth-largest among all U.S. states.

What are Pennsylvania's five major manufacturing centers?

Pennsylvania's five major manufacturing centers are Philadelphia (southeast), Pittsburgh (southwest), Erie (northwest), Scranton-Wilkes-Barre (northeast), and the Lehigh Valley (east).

What are some traditional Pennsylvania Dutch foods?

Traditional Pennsylvania Dutch foods include chicken pot pie, ham pot pie, schnitz un knepp, fasnachts, scrapple, pretzels, bologna, chow-chow, and Shoofly pie.

Which Pennsylvania university is known for its wrestling program and has won multiple NCAA Division I championships?

Penn State University is known for its college wrestling program, having won ten NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships.

How has Pennsylvania been characterized in U.S. presidential elections since the latter half of the 20th century?

Since the latter half of the 20th century, Pennsylvania has been perceived as a powerful swing state, and winning it has been considered essential for presidential candidates.

What is the significance of the "T" shape often seen on maps illustrating Pennsylvania's election results?

The "T" shape on election maps represents the voting patterns where the Delaware, Lehigh, and Wyoming Valleys, along with Greater Pittsburgh, tend to vote Democratic, while the central, predominantly rural counties tend to vote Republican.

What is the mandatory school attendance age range in Pennsylvania?

School attendance in Pennsylvania is mandatory for children between the ages of eight and 17, or until graduation from an accredited high school, whichever comes first, unless they are homeschooled.

Which university in Pennsylvania was founded by Benjamin Franklin?

The University of Pennsylvania, founded in Philadelphia in 1740 by Benjamin Franklin, was the first university established in Pennsylvania and is the state's only Ivy League university.

What is the oldest amusement park in Pennsylvania, and how does it rank nationally?

Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, founded in 1884 in Allentown, is the fifth-oldest amusement park in the nation.

What is Pennsylvania's reputation for wild turkey hunting?

Pennsylvania is considered one of the finest wild turkey hunting states in the nation, alongside Texas and Alabama.

What is the approximate length of the Pennsylvania Turnpike system?

The Pennsylvania Turnpike system is 535 miles (861 km) long.

What is the significance of Philadelphia's 30th Street Station for Amtrak?

Philadelphia's 30th Street Station is Amtrak's third-busiest train station in the nation and the 12th-busiest overall in North America, serving over four million inter-city rail passengers in 2018.

What is the Port of Pittsburgh's ranking among U.S. inland ports and overall ports?

The Port of Pittsburgh is the second-largest inland port in the United States and ranks as the 18th-largest port overall.

What food is Pat's King of Steaks in South Philadelphia credited with inventing?

Pat's King of Steaks is widely credited with inventing the cheesesteak in 1933.

What makes Pennsylvania the "snack food capital of the world"?

Pennsylvania leads all other states in the manufacture of pretzels and potato chips, earning it the title of "snack food capital of the world."

What is the significance of D.G. Yuengling & Son?

D.G. Yuengling & Son is America's oldest brewery, operating in Pottsville since 1829.

Which Pennsylvania university is the state's land-grant university?

Pennsylvania State University is Pennsylvania's land-grant university, as well as its Sea Grant College and Space Grant College.

How many counties does Pennsylvania have, and how are they further subdivided?

Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties, which are further subdivided into municipalities classified as cities, boroughs, or townships.

What is the official state government website for Pennsylvania?

The official state government website for Pennsylvania is pa.gov.

What are Pennsylvania's sister regions?

Pennsylvania's sister regions are Kedah (Malaysia), Matanzas Province (Cuba), and Rhône-Alpes (France).

What is the significance of the "Keystone State" nickname?

The nickname "Keystone State" signifies Pennsylvania's central geographical and functional role among the original Thirteen Colonies, its importance in the signing and ratification of founding documents like the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, and its early contributions to the nation's manufacturing and agricultural development.

What major events related to the September 11th attacks occurred in Pennsylvania?

During the September 11, 2001 attacks, United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, after passengers revolted against hijackers. This event is commemorated at the Flight 93 National Memorial.

What is the general climate characteristic of Pennsylvania's summers?

Summers in Pennsylvania are generally hot and humid.

What was the deadliest battle of the American Civil War, and where did it take place?

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in Pennsylvania, was the deadliest battle of the American Civil War, with over 50,000 casualties.

Pennsylvania Wiki: Pennsylvania: Keystone State Unveiled

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A Legacy Forged in Time

Colonial Foundations

Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, was established in 1681 through a royal land grant to William Penn. Initially part of the Swedish colony of New Sweden (1638-1655), its colonial province was founded on principles of religious and political tolerance, fostering peaceful relations with Native American tribes and establishing an innovative government system. This era laid the groundwork for its reputation as a haven of pluralism.

Crucible of Revolution

Pennsylvania played a pivotal role in the American Revolution. Philadelphia hosted the First and Second Continental Congresses, where the Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776 and the Continental Army was formed. The state ratified the U.S. Constitution on December 12, 1787, becoming the second state to join the Union. The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 marked a critical turning point in the Civil War.

Industrial Powerhouse

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Pennsylvania became an industrial titan, driven by steel manufacturing, coal mining, and oil production. Andrew Carnegie's steel empire and Charles Schwab's Bethlehem Steel were central to this growth. The state's industrial output was crucial for national infrastructure and wartime efforts, though the decline of these industries in the late 20th century led to significant economic restructuring.

Diverse Landscapes

Geographic Diversity

Pennsylvania spans 46,055 square miles, making it the 33rd largest state. Its topography is varied, featuring the Appalachian Mountains, including the Allegheny and Pocono ranges, which dominate much of the central and northeastern regions. Approximately 60% of the state is forested. While it lacks an ocean coastline, it boasts significant waterfront along Lake Erie and the tidal Delaware River.

Regional Zones

The state is characterized by five distinct geographical regions: the Allegheny Plateau in the west, the Ridge and Valley region in the center, the Atlantic Coastal Plain in the southeast, the Piedmont region, and the Erie Plain along the northern border. These varied landscapes influence climate, ecosystems, and settlement patterns.

Major Metropolitan Hubs

Pennsylvania's most populous city is Philadelphia, anchoring the large Delaware Valley metropolitan area. Pittsburgh serves as the center for the Greater Pittsburgh metropolitan area in the southwest. Other significant urban centers include Allentown, Scranton, and the state capital, Harrisburg, reflecting the state's diverse economic and population distribution.

Pennsylvania's Climate

Varied Climates

Pennsylvania experiences a range of climates, generally characterized by cool to cold winters and warm, humid summers. Much of the state falls under a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfa or Dfb), while the southern areas exhibit a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa), particularly in Philadelphia.

Seasonal Patterns

Summers are typically hot and humid. Winter conditions become colder and snowier as one moves inland towards the mountainous regions. Areas near Lake Erie are known for receiving substantial snowfall annually. The state experiences significant precipitation throughout the year and is susceptible to severe weather events from spring through autumn, including annual tornadoes, though violent ones are less common than in western states.

Temperature Overview

Average temperatures vary across the state, with cities like Philadelphia experiencing warmer winters and hotter summers compared to Erie, which is moderated by Lake Erie. The mountainous interior generally sees colder winters and cooler summers.

City	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	Jun.	Jul.	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
Monthly Average High and Low Temperatures For Various Pennsylvania Cities (°F)
Allentown	36/20	40/22	49/29	61/39	72/48	80/58	84/63	82/61	75/53	64/41	52/33	40/24
Erie	34/21	36/21	44/27	56/38	67/48	76/58	80/63	79/62	72/56	61/45	50/37	38/27
Harrisburg	37/23	41/25	50/33	62/42	72/52	81/62	85/66	83/64	76/56	64/45	53/35	41/27
Philadelphia	40/26	44/28	53/34	64/44	74/54	83/64	87/69	85/68	78/60	67/48	56/39	45/30
Pittsburgh	36/21	39/23	49/30	62/40	71/49	79/58	83/63	81/62	74/54	63/43	51/35	39/25
Scranton	33/19	37/21	46/28	59/38	70/48	78/56	82/61	80/60	72/52	61/41	49/33	38/24
Sources: ^[86] ^[87] ^[88] ^[89] ^[90]

A Tapestry of People

Population Dynamics

As of the 2020 census, Pennsylvania's population was over 13 million, making it the fifth most populous state in the U.S. The state has experienced population growth, with increases attributed to both domestic migration and international immigration. The population density ranks ninth nationally, with the majority concentrated in metropolitan areas like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

Ancestry and Origin

Pennsylvania's population is diverse, with significant ancestry groups including German, Irish, Italian, African American, English, and Polish. The state has seen substantial growth in its Hispanic or Latino population, largely due to migration from Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries. Asian populations have also grown significantly, primarily from India, Vietnam, and China.

Community Distribution

While Philadelphia and Pittsburgh anchor major metropolitan areas, significant populations reside in the Lehigh Valley and other urban centers. Rural areas, particularly in South Central Pennsylvania, are noted for their Amish communities. The state's demographic landscape is continually evolving with shifts in migration patterns and ethnic composition.

State Symbols and Identity

Official Emblems

Pennsylvania's official symbols reflect its heritage and natural environment. These include the state flag, the seal of the Commonwealth, the state emblem (a keystone), and the coat of arms. Living insignia range from the Eastern Hellbender amphibian and the Ruffed Grouse bird to the Mountain Laurel flower and the Eastern Hemlock tree.

Cultural Markers

The state anthem is "Pennsylvania." Culturally, Pennsylvania is known for its historical significance, industrial legacy, and diverse population. The state's motto, "Virtue, Liberty, and Independence," encapsulates its founding ideals.

State Traditions

Pennsylvania's culinary and beverage traditions are varied. While milk is the official beverage, specific state foods are not designated. However, the state is renowned for its agricultural products and regional specialties, influenced by its diverse ethnic communities.

Governance and Structure

Commonwealth Governance

Pennsylvania operates as a Commonwealth, with a government structure comprising executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The Governor leads the executive branch, supported by the Lieutenant Governor. The bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the State Senate and House of Representatives, handles legislation. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania serves as the highest judicial body.

Federal Representation

Pennsylvania's representation in the U.S. Congress includes two Senators and a delegation of Representatives in the House, reflecting its significant population. The state's political landscape is dynamic, influenced by its major urban centers and diverse demographic makeup.

Key Municipalities

Major Cities

Pennsylvania hosts several major cities, each with distinct characteristics and populations. Philadelphia, the largest city, is a major cultural and economic hub. Pittsburgh, known for its industrial past and technological present, is the second largest. Allentown, Reading, Erie, and the capital Harrisburg are also significant urban centers contributing to the state's economic and social fabric.

Population Rankings

The state's largest municipalities are ranked by population, showcasing the concentration of residents in urban areas. Philadelphia leads significantly, followed by Pittsburgh and Allentown. This data highlights the distribution of the state's population across its various cities and townships.

Largest municipalities in Pennsylvania Source:
Rank	Name	County	Pop.	Rank	Name	County	Pop.
1	Philadelphia	Philadelphia	1,603,797	11	Lancaster	Lancaster	58,039
2	Pittsburgh	Allegheny	302,971	12	Millcreek Township	Erie	54,073
3	Allentown	Lehigh	125,845	13	Lower Paxton Township	Dauphin	53,501
4	Reading	Berks	95,112	14	Haverford Township	Delaware	50,431
5	Erie	Erie	94,831	15	Harrisburg	Dauphin	50,099
6	Upper Darby Township	Delaware	85,681	16	York	York	44,800
7	Scranton	Lackawanna	76,328	17	Wilkes-Barre	Luzerne	44,328
8	Bethlehem	Northampton	75,781	18	Altoona	Blair	43,963
9	Lower Merion Township	Montgomery	63,633	19	Hempfield Township	Westmoreland	41,466
10	Bensalem Township	Bucks	62,707	20	Penn Hills	Allegheny	41,059

Faith and Beliefs

Historical Tolerance

Pennsylvania was founded on principles of religious freedom, attracting a diverse range of faiths. This legacy of tolerance continues today, contributing to a varied religious landscape. Historically, Protestant denominations, particularly Presbyterians and Lutherans, were prominent, alongside a significant Catholic population.

Contemporary Landscape

Recent surveys indicate a plurality of Pennsylvania residents identify as religiously unaffiliated. Among those with religious affiliations, Christianity remains the largest category, encompassing Protestantism and Catholicism. Other significant religious groups include Judaism, Islam, and various Eastern faiths, reflecting the state's ongoing demographic diversity.

Community Presence

Pennsylvania hosts substantial religious communities, including one of the largest Amish populations in the nation, particularly concentrated in Lancaster County. The state also has a notable presence of various Protestant denominations and a strong Catholic tradition, contributing to its rich religious heritage.

Linguistic Diversity

Dominance of English

English is the predominant language spoken in Pennsylvania, with over 90% of residents using it as their primary language at home. This reflects its status as the official language of government and commerce across the United States.

Minority Languages

Spanish is the second most common language, spoken by over 4% of the population. Other significant languages include German (including Pennsylvania Dutch), Chinese, and Italian. The presence of these languages highlights the state's history of immigration and its diverse cultural makeup.

Pennsylvania Dutch

Pennsylvania German, often referred to as Pennsylvania Dutch, is a dialect of West Central German. It remains a vibrant language within Old Order Amish and Mennonite communities, particularly in Lancaster and Berks counties, preserving a unique linguistic heritage.

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References

Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988

"On the Susquehannocks: Natives having used Baltimore County as hunting grounds â The Historical Society of Baltimore County". www.HSOBC.org. Retrieved August 17, 2017.

Shelter House official website, retrieved May 4, 2022

Chapter One: 1. Pennsylvania's Bosses and Political Machines. ExplorePAHistory.com. Retrieved February 18, 2022.

William F. Stine, "Does State Aid Stimulate Public Library Expenditures? Evidence from Pennsylvania's Enhancement Aid Program" Library Quarterly (2006) 76#1 107â139.

Victor M. Garcia, "The Mushroom Industry And The Emergence Of Mexican Enclaves In Southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1960â1990" Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies (JOLLAS) (2005) 1#4 pp 67â88.

Ashok K. Dutt, and Baleshwar Thakur, City, Society, and Planning (Concept Publishing Company, 2007) pp. 55â56

"Sources and detailed information", National Park Service website

Alexander Riley, Angel patriots: The crash of United Flight 93 and the myth of America (NYU Press, 2015) pp 1â34.

Pennsylvania QuickFacts. Accessed July 12, 2023

Donald B. Kraybill and C. Nelson Hostetter: Anabaptist World USA, Scottdale, PA and Waterloo, Ontario, 2001, pages 200â201.

"23 PA Companies Make Fortune 500 List For 2023", Patch, June 6, 2023.

"Pa. ranks No. 1 in many things. Not all are good.", PennLive, February 13, 2018

Officers of the State Senate, PA State Senate. Retrieved June 7, 2023

Officers of the State House, PA State House of Representatives. Retrieved June 7, 2023

Title 302, Pennsylvania Code, Section 23.1â101.

"Philly: the best sports city in America", The Stanford Daily, April 26, 2018

"JJ Redick calls Philly 'the greatest sports town in America", Philly Voice, July 13, 2022

A full list of references for this article are available at the Pennsylvania Wikipedia page

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This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional consultation regarding history, geography, demographics, or any other subject matter. Always refer to official sources and consult with qualified professionals for specific needs.

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Pennsylvania: The Keystone State

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

A Legacy Forged in Time ⏳

🏛️ Colonial Foundations

🇺🇸 Crucible of Revolution

🏭 Industrial Powerhouse

Diverse Landscapes 🏞️

🗺️ Geographic Diversity

📍 Regional Zones

🏙️ Major Metropolitan Hubs

Pennsylvania's Climate ☁️

🌡️ Varied Climates

❄️ Seasonal Patterns

📊 Temperature Overview

A Tapestry of People 👥

📈 Population Dynamics

🌍 Ancestry and Origin

🏘️ Community Distribution

State Symbols and Identity ⭐

🚩 Official Emblems

🎶 Cultural Markers

🍽️ State Traditions

Governance and Structure 🏛️

⚖️ Commonwealth Governance

🇺🇸 Federal Representation

Key Municipalities 🏙️

⭐ Major Cities

📊 Population Rankings

Faith and Beliefs 🙏

🕊️ Historical Tolerance

📊 Contemporary Landscape

🏘️ Community Presence

Linguistic Diversity 🗣️

🇬🇧 Dominance of English

🌎 Minority Languages

📜 Pennsylvania Dutch

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

A Legacy Forged in Time

Colonial Foundations

Crucible of Revolution

Industrial Powerhouse

Diverse Landscapes

Geographic Diversity

Regional Zones

Major Metropolitan Hubs

Pennsylvania's Climate

Varied Climates

Seasonal Patterns

Temperature Overview

A Tapestry of People

Population Dynamics

Ancestry and Origin

Community Distribution

State Symbols and Identity

Official Emblems

Cultural Markers

State Traditions

Governance and Structure

Commonwealth Governance

Federal Representation

Key Municipalities

Major Cities

Population Rankings

Faith and Beliefs

Historical Tolerance

Contemporary Landscape

Community Presence

Linguistic Diversity

Dominance of English

Minority Languages

Pennsylvania Dutch

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice