What is the official name of the space warfare arm of the People's Liberation Army, and when was it established?

The official name of the space warfare arm of the People's Liberation Army is the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force. It was established on April 19, 2024. This force is dedicated to military operations in space, a domain increasingly critical for national security.

What is the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force's primary role and its affiliation within the Chinese military structure?

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force (PLAAF) is designated as a space force with the primary role of space warfare. It operates as an arm of the People's Liberation Army and maintains allegiance to the Chinese Communist Party, reflecting the integrated nature of China's military and political leadership.

Who is the current commander of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force, and what is the status of its Political Commissar position?

The current commander of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force is Lieutenant General Hao Weizhong, who assumed the role in 2022. The position of Political Commissar for the force is currently vacant, indicating an open leadership role within its political oversight structure.

How does the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force compare globally in terms of its organizational structure?

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force is notable as one of only two independent space forces in the world. This organizational model signifies a dedicated and distinct military branch focused solely on space operations, rather than integrating space capabilities within an existing air force or other service.

What was the historical context for the establishment of the PLA Aerospace Force, particularly regarding its predecessor?

The PLA Aerospace Force was established on April 19, 2024, by taking control of aerospace units and assets from the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force, which was simultaneously disestablished. This reorganization consolidated China's military space capabilities under a new, dedicated command.

What key responsibilities did the PLA Aerospace Force assume upon its establishment?

Upon its establishment, the PLA Aerospace Force consolidated all of the People's Liberation Army's space-based C4ISR systems. Additionally, it took on the administration of all existing launch sites, military satellites, and other space assets, centralizing China's military space operations.

Where is the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force located?

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force (PLAAF) is headquartered in the Haidian District of Beijing. This district is a significant hub for technology and education in China, making it a strategic location for a high-tech military branch.

Which central staff sections are part of the PLA Aerospace Force's organization?

The central staff sections of the PLA Aerospace Force include the Staff Department, which contains the Information and Communications Division; the Political Work Department, comprising the Cadre Bureau and Innovation Office; the Logistics Department, which includes the Engineering Construction Management Office; and the Equipment Department, which houses the Equipment Support Team.

What specialized centers and bureaus are part of the PLA Aerospace Force's central organization?

Beyond its main departments, the PLA Aerospace Force's central organization includes the Relay Satellite Control and Management Center, responsible for managing communication satellites, and the Test Equipment and Materials Procurement Bureau, which handles the acquisition of necessary resources for testing and development. It also has an East China Office and a Xichang Quality Supervision Station.

What is the significance of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center within the PLA Aerospace Force's operations?

The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, also known as Dongfeng Base or Dongfeng Aerospace City, is a crucial subordinate unit of the PLA Aerospace Force. Located in Inner Mongolia, it was one of China's first aerospace launch facilities and serves as the primary base for testing and launching Long March rockets, other missiles, various test and application satellites, and crewed spacecraft. It is also the main spacecraft recovery location.

What is the historical background and primary function of the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center?

The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, located in Shanxi Province, was constructed in March 1967 under Project 3201 as a strategic response to the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations. Initially serving as a nuclear missile site and a detachment of Jiuquan, it became an independent unit in January 1976 and later opened to international commercial launches in the 1990s.

Which launch center is headquartered in Sichuan Province and remotely controls another significant launch site?

The Xichang Satellite Launch Center, identified by Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) Unit 63790, is headquartered on Hangtian North Road in Xichang City, Sichuan Province. As of 2022, this center also remotely controls the Wenchang Aerospace Launch Site located in Hainan Province.

What is the role of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (BACC) in China's space program?

The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (BACC), often referred to as 'Aerospace City' and based in Beijing's Haidian district, serves as the main control center for China's space program. Its functions include launch monitoring, tracking, measurement, and launch recovery, particularly for crewed missions like the Shenzhou program. It also hosts the China offices of SINOSAT and Inmarsat.

What is the purpose of the China Maritime Satellite Telemetry and Control Department?

The China Maritime Satellite Telemetry and Control Department, with MUCD Unit 63680, is stationed in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province. Established in 1978, it acts as the headquarters and home port for the Yuan Wang-class tracking ships, which are specialized vessels used to track rocket and missile launches, including the Dongfeng series ballistic missiles and Long March rockets.

What are the responsibilities of the Xi'an Satellite Telemetry and Control Center?

The Xi'an Satellite Telemetry and Control Center, identified by MUCD Unit 63750, is located in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Established in September 1975 as a missile measurement and tracking base, it now functions as the operations and control center for China Energyne and serves as the backup control center for the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (BACC).

What is the primary focus of the Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telemetry Technology (BITTT)?

The Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telemetry Technology (BITTT), situated at the Beijing Space City, is primarily focused on research in satellite communication and navigation. This institute plays a vital role in advancing the technological capabilities required for China's space operations.

What is the historical significance and current status of the Malan Nuclear Test Base?

The Malan Nuclear Test Base, also known as Base 21, is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and historically served as the main nuclear launch and test site for the Chinese nuclear program. However, it has not conducted nuclear weapons testing since 1996, indicating a shift in its operational status.

What are the functions of the Luoyang Electronic Equipment Test Center within the PLA Aerospace Force?

The Luoyang Electronic Equipment Test Center, designated as MUCD unit 63880 and located in Luoyang, Henan Province, serves as the metrology and instrument measurement center for the PLA Aerospace Force. It also undertakes astronomical mapping and surveying, providing essential data and calibration services. Historically, this base was one of the most restricted in China, off-limits to foreigners until the 1980s.

What is the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC) known for?

The China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), located in Mianyang City, Sichuan, is recognized as the largest aerodynamic research center in China. It specializes in the research and development of hypersonic missiles, which are advanced weapons capable of traveling at extremely high speeds.

What is the role of the Astronaut Center of China (ACC) and the Astronaut Corps?

The Astronaut Center of China (ACC), located at the Beijing Aerospace City, is the main training and research center for astronauts involved in the Chinese space program. The Astronaut Corps, also headquartered at Beijing Aerospace City, is a directly subordinated military unit of the Aerospace Force responsible for selecting and training astronauts, including civilians, with 42 astronauts having been trained as of 2018.

What are the highest officer ranks within the PLA Aerospace Force?

The highest officer ranks within the PLA Aerospace Force include Shangjiang (General), Zhongjiang (Lieutenant General), and Shaojiang (Major General). These ranks signify the most senior leadership positions within the force.

What are the various officer ranks in the PLA Aerospace Force, from general to junior officers?

The officer ranks in the PLA Aerospace Force span from general officers to junior officers. These include Shangjiang (General), Zhongjiang (Lieutenant General), Shaojiang (Major General), Daxiao (Senior Colonel), Shangxiao (Colonel), Zhongxiao (Lieutenant Colonel), Shaoxiao (Major), Shangwei (Captain), Zhongwei (First Lieutenant), and Shaowei (Second Lieutenant).

What are the enlisted and non-commissioned officer (NCO) ranks in the PLA Aerospace Force?

The enlisted and non-commissioned officer (NCO) ranks in the PLA Aerospace Force include Yiji junshizheng (First Class Sergeant Major), Erji junshizheng (Second Class Sergeant Major), Sanji junshizheng (Third Class Sergeant Major), Siji junshizheng (Fourth Class Sergeant Major), Shangshi (Sergeant First Class), Zhongshi (Sergeant), Xiashi (Corporal), Shangdengbing (Lance Corporal), and Liebing (Private).

What types of equipment does the PLA Aerospace Force control, according to the source?

The PLA Aerospace Force controls all of China's military satellites, including the BeiDou satellite navigation system. The Military Balance 2024 estimates this space force to possess approximately 245 satellites, in addition to some dual-use civilian satellites, forming a comprehensive space-based asset network.

How does China typically designate its military satellites, and what measures are taken for secrecy?

China typically uses the generic name 'Yaogan' for its military satellites, and the actual military designation, such as the 'Jianbing' series, is only sometimes released. To maintain secrecy, launches are often disguised and receive civilian designators, at least for a certain period, making it challenging to ascertain their precise military functions.

Does the PLA Aerospace Force control anti-satellite missiles?

As of 2024, the PLA Aerospace Force controls three possible anti-satellite (ASAT) satellites. However, it is considered unlikely that it has direct command of the SC-19 anti-satellite missiles, which are believed to be under the control of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF).

How many navigation satellites are operated by the PLA Aerospace Force, and what are their primary systems and orbits?

The PLA Aerospace Force operates a total of 45 navigation satellites. These include 3 BeiDou 2-M satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), 5 BeiDou 2-G satellites in Geostationary Orbit (GEO), 7 BeiDou 2-IGSO satellites in Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO), 24 BeiDou 3-M satellites in MEO, 3 BeiDou 3-G satellites in GEO, and 3 BeiDou 3-I satellites in IGSO, all contributing to the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.

What are the different classes of BeiDou navigation satellites and their respective orbits and numbers in service?

The BeiDou navigation satellites include several classes: BeiDou 2-M (3 in MEO), BeiDou 2-G (5 in GEO), BeiDou 2-IGSO (7 in IGSO), BeiDou 3-M (24 in MEO), BeiDou 3-G (3 in GEO), and BeiDou 3-I (3 in IGSO). These satellites provide positioning, navigation, and timing services globally.

How many communications satellites does the PLA Aerospace Force have, and what are their names and orbits?

The PLA Aerospace Force possesses 11 communications satellites. These include 2 Shentong 1 satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), 4 Shentong 2 satellites in MEO, 2 Fenghuo 1 satellites in Geostationary Orbit (GEO), and 4 Fenghuo 2 satellites also in GEO. These satellites are crucial for military communication (MilCom).

What are some examples of communications satellites used by the PLA Aerospace Force, and how are some of them disguised?

Examples of communications satellites used by the PLA Aerospace Force include Shentong 1, Shentong 2, Fenghuo 1, and Fenghuo 2. Some of these, like Shentong 2-5 and Fenghuo 1 (launched as SinoSat 22/A), were launched under civilian designators as a secrecy measure to obscure their military communication (MilCom) functions.

What types of meteorological and oceanographic satellites are operated by the PLA Aerospace Force, and how many are in service?

The PLA Aerospace Force operates 8 meteorological and oceanographic satellites. This includes 2 Yunhai-1 satellites, which perform atmospheric observation in Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) and are used for mixed military and civilian purposes. Additionally, there are 6 Yunhai-2 satellites, also in SSO, which conduct atmospheric observation using GNSS-RO (Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation) technology.

What is the total number of reconnaissance satellites controlled by the PLA Aerospace Force, and what are their general functions?

The PLA Aerospace Force controls a substantial fleet of 92 reconnaissance satellites. These satellites serve various intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISR) functions, including Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imaging, Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), cartography, and space surveillance.

Can you describe the Jianbing series of reconnaissance satellites and their specific capabilities?

The Jianbing series of reconnaissance satellites includes several types: Jianbing-5 (Yaogan-1) provides ISR-SAR capabilities with 2 satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Jianbing-6 (Yaogan-2) and Jianbing-7 (Yaogan-6) offer ISR-IMINT from LEO, with Jianbing-7 noted for very high resolution. Jianbing-9 (Yaogan-8) provides medium resolution ISR-IMINT, and Jianbing-10 offers decimeter resolution ISR-IMINT, all operating in LEO.

What are the characteristics of the Tianhui-1/2 satellites and their role in cartography?

The Tianhui-1/2 satellites are part of the PLA Aerospace Force's reconnaissance fleet, with 10 units in service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Their primary role is cartography, utilizing stereoscopic multispectral and radar imaging technologies to create detailed maps and geographical data.

Which Yaogan series satellites are dedicated to space surveillance, and how many are in service?

The Yaogan-29 and Yaogan-35 satellites are dedicated to space surveillance within the PLA Aerospace Force's reconnaissance capabilities. There are 5 Yaogan-29 satellites and 15 Yaogan-35 satellites in service, both operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), providing critical awareness of objects and activities in space.

What is the total number of ELINT/SIGINT satellites operated by the PLA Aerospace Force, and what are their primary functions?

The PLA Aerospace Force operates a total of 81 ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) and SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) satellites. These satellites are primarily used for collecting electronic signals and communications intelligence, which is vital for understanding adversary capabilities and intentions.

Which ELINT satellites are launched in triplets and pairs, and what are their orbits?

The Chuangxing-5 (Yaogan-30) ELINT satellites are launched in triplets, with 30 units in service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The Shijian-6 (SJ-6) ELINT satellites are launched in pairs, with 10 units in service in Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). These deployment strategies likely enhance their coverage and data collection capabilities.

What is the function of the Jianbing-8 ELINT satellites?

The Jianbing-8 (JB-8) ELINT satellites, with 15 units in service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), are specifically designed for maritime surveillance. They collect electronic intelligence to monitor naval activities and maritime communications, providing critical information for naval operations.

What is the purpose of the Qianshao-3 and Shijian-11 satellites?

The Qianshao-3 satellites, with 3 units in Geostationary Orbit (GEO), are used for Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) and are part of the Tongxin Jishu Shiyan (TJS) program. The Shijian-11 (SJ-11) satellites, with 7 units in Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), are equipped with Infrared Search and Track (IRST) technology for launch warning, indicating their role in missile defense and early detection.

How many early warning satellites does the PLA Aerospace Force operate, and what is their class name?

The PLA Aerospace Force operates 5 early warning satellites, all belonging to the Huoyan-1 (HY-1) class. These satellites are crucial for detecting missile launches and other threats, providing timely alerts for national defense.

What is the orbit and program affiliation of the Huoyan-1 early warning satellites?

The Huoyan-1 (HY-1) early warning satellites operate in Geostationary Orbit (GEO). These satellites are also part of the Tongxin Jishu Shiyan (TJS) program, indicating a broader integration of their capabilities within China's space infrastructure.

What is the role of the Shijian 17 satellite in rendezvous and proximity operations?

The Shijian 17 satellite, operating in Geostationary Orbit (GEO), is one of three satellites dedicated to rendezvous and proximity operations. Its stated function is debris clean-up, but it also possesses possible counter-satellite capabilities, suggesting a dual-use role in space maintenance and potential offensive operations.

Who were the past commanders of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force before the current commander?

Before Lieutenant General Hao Weizhong assumed command in 2022, Shang Hong served as the commander of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force from January 2016 to October 2022. This indicates a leadership transition within the force's relatively short history.

Who has served as the Political Commissar for the PLA Aerospace Force since its inception?

Since its inception, Kang Chunyuan served as the Political Commissar from January 2016 to April 2019, followed by Jiang Ping from June 2019 to August 2021, and then Chen Hui from August 2021 to December 2024. The position is currently vacant.

What is the Chinese name and its literal translation for the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force?

The Chinese name for the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force is 中国人民解放军军事航天部队. Its pinyin transliteration is Zhōngguó rénmín jiěfàngjūn jūnshì hángtiān bùduì, which literally translates to 'People's Liberation Army Military Space Arm'.

What is the significance of the 'Aerospace Flag of the People's Republic of China' in relation to the PLA Aerospace Force?

The 'Aerospace Flag of the People's Republic of China' is one of the official insignia of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force. It serves as a visual representation of the force's identity and its role within the People's Liberation Army, similar to how flags represent military branches in other nations.

What is the purpose of the Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) for launch and control centers?

The Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) is used to identify specific military units, such as the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (unit 63600), Xichang Satellite Launch Center (Unit 63790), China Maritime Satellite Telemetry and Control Department (Unit 63680), Xi'an Satellite Telemetry and Control Center (Unit 63750), Malan Nuclear Test Base (Unit 63650), and Luoyang Electronic Equipment Test Center (unit 63880). These designators provide a standardized way to refer to and track these critical facilities within the military structure.

What is the estimated total number of satellites controlled by the PLA Aerospace Force, including dual-use civilian satellites?

According to the Military Balance 2024, the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force is estimated to control around 245 satellites, with the possibility of including additional dual-use civilian satellites. This substantial number highlights the extensive space capabilities under its command.

What are the specific types of reconnaissance provided by the LKW satellites?

The LKW satellites, with 4 units in service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), provide Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, specifically focusing on Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) using optoelectronic technology. Optoelectronic systems convert light into electronic signals, enabling high-resolution imaging for intelligence gathering.

What kind of imaging capabilities do the Yaogan-34 satellites possess?

The Yaogan-34 satellites, with 4 units in service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), provide Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISR) through Imagery Intelligence (IMINT). They are noted for their high-resolution optical and radar imaging capabilities, allowing for detailed observation regardless of weather conditions.

What is the primary technology used by the Yaogan-36 satellites for reconnaissance?

The Yaogan-36 satellites, with 15 units in service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), primarily utilize optoelectronic technology for Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISR) and Imagery Intelligence (IMINT). Optoelectronic sensors are crucial for capturing visual and infrared data from space.

People S Liberation Army Aerospace Force Wiki: Celestial Sentinels: Unveiling the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force

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Introduction

A New Era in Space Defense

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force (PLAASF), officially established on April 19, 2024, represents a significant evolution in China's military strategy. This specialized arm of the People's Liberation Army is dedicated to space warfare, positioning itself as one of only two independent space forces globally. Its formation underscores the increasing importance of the space domain in modern defense paradigms.

National Allegiance and Mandate

Operating under the direct authority of the Chinese Communist Party, the PLA Aerospace Force is tasked with safeguarding national interests in the extraterrestrial realm. Its establishment reflects a strategic imperative to consolidate and advance China's capabilities in space, ensuring its security and influence in this critical dimension.

Global Context of Space Forces

The emergence of the PLAASF as an independent space force highlights a global trend among major powers to formalize and specialize their military space operations. This development signifies a recognition that space is not merely a supporting domain but a distinct theater of operations requiring dedicated command, control, and resources.

Historical Genesis

Evolution from Strategic Support Force

The PLA Aerospace Force was formally inaugurated on April 19, 2024, inheriting its aerospace units and assets from the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (PLASSF), which was simultaneously disestablished. This reorganization signifies a strategic shift, centralizing space-related military functions into a dedicated branch.

Consolidation of C4ISR Capabilities

A primary objective of the PLAASF's formation was to consolidate all of the PLA's space-based Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems. This integration aims to enhance operational efficiency and strategic oversight of China's extensive space assets. Furthermore, the PLAASF now administers all existing launch sites, military satellites, and other space-based infrastructure.

Initial Nomenclature

Prior to its official English designation, the China Daily referred to the new entity as the "People's Liberation Army Space Force." This early naming reflects the core function and strategic intent behind its creation, emphasizing its role as a dedicated military space arm.

Organizational Structure

Headquarters and Central Staff

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force is strategically headquartered in the Haidian District of Beijing, a central hub for China's technological and military infrastructure. Its central staff sections are designed to manage the complex operations of a modern space force.

Staff Department (参谋部): Responsible for overall operational planning and coordination.
- Information and Communications Division (信息通信处)
Political Work Department (政治工作部): Oversees political education, morale, and personnel management.
- Cadre Bureau (干部局)
- Innovation Office (创作室)
Logistics Department (后勤部): Manages supply, maintenance, and support for all aerospace operations.
- Engineering Construction Management Office (工程代建管理办公室(创作室))
Equipment Department (装备部): Responsible for the procurement, development, and maintenance of all aerospace equipment.
- Equipment Support Team (装备保障队)
Relay Satellite Control and Management Center (中继卫星控制管理中心): Manages the operations of relay satellites.
Test Equipment and Materials Procurement Bureau (试验装备物资采购局): Handles the acquisition of specialized equipment and materials for testing.
East China Office (华东办事处): A regional administrative office.
Xichang Quality Supervision Station (西昌质量监督站): Ensures quality control for operations related to the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

Subordinate Operational Units

The PLAASF's operational capabilities are distributed across various specialized subordinate units, each playing a crucial role in the lifecycle of space missions, from launch to control and research.

Launch Centers

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (中国酒泉卫星发射中心): Known as Dongfeng Base or Dongfeng Aerospace City (MUCD: unit 63600), located in Dongfeng Town, Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia. It was one of China's first aerospace launch facilities and serves as the primary base for testing and launching Long March rockets, various test and application satellites, and crewed spacecraft. It is also the main spacecraft recovery location.
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (中国太原卫星发射中心): Situated in Kelan County, Shanxi Province, this base was established in March 1967 as part of Project 3201. Initially a nuclear missile site and a detachment of Jiuquan, it became an independent unit in January 1976. It opened for international commercial launches in the 1990s.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center (西昌卫星发射中心): (MUCD: Unit 63790) Headquartered in Xichang City, Sichuan Province. As of 2022, it also remotely controls the Wenchang Aerospace Launch Site in Hainan Province.

Control Centers

Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (北京航天飞行控制中心): Based in Beijing's Haidian district, it is the main control center for China's space program, including Shenzhou missions. It conducts launch monitoring, tracking, measurement, and recovery. It also hosts China offices for SINOSAT and Inmarsat, often referred to as "Aerospace City" (航天城).
China Maritime Satellite Telemetry and Control Department (中国卫星海上测控部): (MUCD Unit 63680) Stationed at Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, established in 1978. It serves as the headquarters and home port for the Yuan Wang-class tracking ships, which monitor rocket and missile launches, including the Dongfeng ballistic missiles and Long March rockets.
Xi'an Satellite Telemetry and Control Center (中国西安卫星测控中心): (MUCD: Unit 63750) Located in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, established in September 1975. It functions as the operations and control center for China Energyne and is the backup control center for the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.
Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telemetry Technology (北京跟踪与通信技术研究所) (BITTT): Located at Beijing Space City, this institute specializes in satellite communication and navigation research.

Testing, Development, and Training Centers

Malan Nuclear Test Base (中国马兰核试验基地): (MUCD: Unit 63650) Located at the western ends of Lop Nur and Nairenkeer Townships, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Base 21 was the primary nuclear launch and test site for the Chinese nuclear program, though no nuclear weapons testing has occurred since 1996.
Luoyang Electronic Equipment Test Center (中国洛阳电子装备试验中心): (MUCD: unit 63880) Located in Luoyang, Henan Province. Base 33 serves as the metrology and instrument measurement center for the PLAASF, also conducting astronomical mapping and surveying. Historically, it was a highly restricted base.
China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (中国空气动力研究与发展中心) (CARDC): Located in Mianyang City, Sichuan, it is China's largest aerodynamic research center, specializing in hypersonic missile research.
Astronaut Center of China (中国航天员科研训练中心) (ACC): Located at Beijing Aerospace City, it is the main training and research center for Chinese astronauts.
Astronaut Corps (中国人民解放军航天员大队): Headquartered at Beijing Aerospace City, this is a directly subordinated military unit of the Aerospace Force. As of 2018, it had selected and trained 42 astronauts and was training a third batch, including civilians.
Aerospace Research and Development Center (航天研发中心)
Project Design Research Center (工程设计研究所)
People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force's Aerospace Engineering University (中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学): The new name for this institution following the April 2024 reform is currently unclear.

Space Assets & Equipment

China's Satellite Constellation

The PLA Aerospace Force exercises control over China's entire military satellite fleet, including the crucial BeiDou satellite navigation system. According to the Military Balance 2024, this force commands approximately 245 satellites, with the potential inclusion of additional dual-use civilian satellites. The precise functions of these military satellites are often classified, with generic names like "Yaogan" frequently used to obscure their true military designations.

Counter-Satellite Capabilities

As of 2024, the PLAASF is believed to control three potential anti-satellite (ASAT) satellites, such as the Shijian series, which may possess capabilities for rendezvous and proximity operations that could be adapted for counter-space roles. However, it is generally understood that the SC-19 anti-satellite missiles remain under the purview of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF), indicating a division of kinetic ASAT responsibilities.

Detailed Satellite Inventory

The PLA Aerospace Force's satellite inventory is categorized by primary function, reflecting a comprehensive approach to space-based military operations. This includes extensive networks for navigation, communication, environmental monitoring, reconnaissance, electronic intelligence, and early warning.

The following table outlines key satellite classes and their operational details, as estimated by the Military Balance 2024.

Name of Class	Chinese	System	Type	Orbit	Number in Service	Notes
SatNav: 45 Satellites
BeiDou 2-M	北斗二号-M	BDS-2	Navigation	MEO	3^[13]
BeiDou 2-G	北斗二号-G	BDS-2	Navigation	GEO	5^[13]
BeiDou 2-IGSO	北斗二号-IGSO	BDS-2	Navigation	IGSO	7^[13]
BeiDou 3-M	北斗三号-M	BDS-3	Navigation	MEO	24^[13]
BeiDou 3-G	北斗三号-G	BDS-3	Navigation	GEO	3^[13]
BeiDou 3-I	北斗三号-I	BDS-3	Navigation	IGSO	3^[13]
Communications: 11 Satellites
Shentong 1	神通-1		MilCom	MEO	2^[13]
Shentong 2	神通-2		MilCom	MEO	4^[13]	Shentong 2-5 launched as SinoSat2E as a secrecy measure
Fenghuo 1	烽火-1		MilCom	GEO	2^[13]	Launched as SinoSat 22/A as a secrecy measure
Fenghuo 2	烽火-2A/C/D/E		MilCom	GEO	4^[13]	Launched as SinoSat 1A/C/D/E as a secrecy measure
Meteorology/Oceanography: 8 Satellites
Yunhai-1	云海一号	YHS	Atmospheric Observation	SSO	2^[13]	Mixed military and civilian use
Yunhai-2	云海二号	YHS	Atmospheric observation (GNSS-RO)	SSO	6^[13]
Reconnaissance: 92 Satellites
Jianbing-5 (Yaogan-1)	尖兵五号 (遥感1号)	JB-5	ISR - SAR	LEO	2^[13]
Jianbing-6 (Yaogan-2)	尖兵六号（遥感2号）	JB-6	ISR - IMINT	LEO^[12]	4^[13]
Jianbing-7 (Yaogan-6)	尖兵七号（遥感6号）	JB-7	ISR - IMINT	LEO^[12]	4 ^[13]	Very high resolution
Jianbing-9 (Yaogan-8)	尖兵九号（遥感8号）	JB-9	ISR - IMINT	LEO^[12]	5^[13]	Medium resolution
Jianbing-10	尖兵十号/	JB-10	ISR - IMINT	LEO	3^[13]	Decimeter resolution
Jianbing-11/12	尖兵十一号/十二号		ISR - IMINT	LEO	3^[13]
Jianbing-16	尖兵十六			LEO	3^[13]
LKW			ISR - IMINT	LEO	4^[13]	Optoelectronic
Tianhui-1/2	天绘一号/天绘二号		Cartography	LEO^[12]	10^[13]	Stereoscopic Multispectral and Radar Imaging
Yaogan-29	遥感29号		Space Surveillance	LEO^[13]	5^[13]
Yaogan-34	遥感34号		ISR - IMINT	LEO^[12]	4^[13]	High resolution optical/radar
Yaogan-35	遥感35号		Space Surveillance	LEO^[12]	15^[13]
Yaogan-36	遥感36号		ISR - IMINT	LEO^[12]	15	Optoelectronic
Yaogan-39	遥感39号			LEO	12^[13]
Yaogan-40	遥感40号			LEO	3^[13]
ELINT/SIGINT: 81 Satellites
Chuangxing-5 (Yaogan-30)	创新五号(遥感30号)	CX-5	ELINT	LEO	30^[13]	Launched in triplets
Jianbing-8	尖兵八号	JB-8	ELINT	LEO	15^[13]	Maritime Surveillance
Qianshao-3	前哨三号		SIGINT	GEO	3^[13]	Part of TJS program
Shijian-6	实践六号	SJ-6	ELINT	SSO	10^[13]	Launched in pairs
Shijian-11	实践十一号	SJ-11	Launch Warning	SSO	7^[13]	IRST
Yaogan-31	遥感31号		ELINT	LEO	12^[13]
Yaogan-32	遥感32号		ELINT	LEO	4^[13]
Early Warning: 5 Satellites
Huoyan-1	火眼一号	HY-1	Early Warning	GEO^[12]	5^[13]	Part of TJS program
Rendezvous and Proximity Operations: 3 Satellites
Shijian 17	实践十七号		Debris clean up	GEO	1	Possible Countersat capabilities
Shijian 21	实践二十一号			GEO	1
Shijian 23	实践二十三号			GEO	1

Leadership & Personnel

Command Structure

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force is led by a dedicated command staff, ensuring strategic direction and operational effectiveness. The current leadership includes:

Commander: Lieutenant General Hao Weizhong (since 2022)
Political Commissar: Vacant (as of the latest information)

Previous commanders include Shang Hong (January 2016 – October 2022), and previous political commissars include Kang Chunyuan (January 2016 – April 2019) and Jiang Ping (June 2019 – August 2021), and Chen Hui (August 2021 – December 2024).

Rank Structure

The PLA Aerospace Force adheres to a structured system of officer, enlisted, and non-commissioned officer (NCO) ranks, designed to delineate authority and responsibility within its specialized domain. This system is integral to the operational discipline and hierarchical command of the force.

The People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force utilizes a comprehensive rank structure for its officers, reflecting their command and leadership roles within this specialized domain.

Rank Group	English Equivalent (Approx.)	Chinese Name (Pinyin)
General / Flag Officers	General	Shangjiang (上将)
	Lieutenant General	Zhongjiang (中将)
	Major General	Shaojiang (少将)
Senior Officers	Senior Colonel	Daxiao (大校)
	Colonel	Shangxiao (上校)
	Lieutenant Colonel	Zhongxiao (中校)
	Major	Shaoxiao (少校)
Junior Officers	Captain	Shangwei (上尉)
	First Lieutenant	Zhongwei (中尉)
	Second Lieutenant	Shaowei (少尉)

Note: Visual insignia for these ranks are not displayed here due to content generation constraints.

The enlisted and non-commissioned officer ranks form the backbone of the PLA Aerospace Force, providing essential technical and operational expertise.

Rank Group	English Equivalent (Approx.)	Chinese Name (Pinyin)
Senior NCOs	First Class Sergeant Major	Yījí Jūnshìzhǎng (一级军士长)
	Second Class Sergeant Major	Èrjí Jūnshìzhǎng (二级军士长)
	Third Class Sergeant Major	Sānjí Jūnshìzhǎng (三级军士长)
	Fourth Class Sergeant Major	Sìjí Jūnshìzhǎng (四级军士长)
Junior NCOs	Sergeant First Class	Shàngshì (上士)
	Sergeant	Zhōngshì (中士)
	Corporal	Xiàshì (下士)
Enlisted	Private First Class	Shàngdēngbīng (上等兵)
Enlisted	Private	Lièbīng (列兵)

Note: Visual insignia for these ranks are not displayed here due to content generation constraints.

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References

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A full list of references for this article are available at the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force Wikipedia page

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This is not official military or strategic advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for official government reports, expert geopolitical analysis, or professional military intelligence. Always refer to authoritative sources and consult with qualified experts for specific strategic assessments or defense-related inquiries. Never disregard professional analysis or official statements because of something you have read on this website.

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Celestial Sentinels

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Introduction 🚀

🌌 A New Era in Space Defense

🇨🇳 National Allegiance and Mandate

🌐 Global Context of Space Forces

Historical Genesis 📜

🔄 Evolution from Strategic Support Force

📡 Consolidation of C4ISR Capabilities

🏷️ Initial Nomenclature

Organizational Structure 🏛️

📍 Headquarters and Central Staff

🛰️ Subordinate Operational Units

Launch Centers

Control Centers

Testing, Development, and Training Centers

Space Assets & Equipment 🛰️

📡 China's Satellite Constellation

🛡️ Counter-Satellite Capabilities

📊 Detailed Satellite Inventory

Leadership & Personnel 👨‍✈️

⭐ Command Structure

🎖️ Rank Structure

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

A New Era in Space Defense

National Allegiance and Mandate

Global Context of Space Forces

Historical Genesis

Evolution from Strategic Support Force

Consolidation of C4ISR Capabilities

Initial Nomenclature

Organizational Structure

Headquarters and Central Staff

Subordinate Operational Units

Space Assets & Equipment

China's Satellite Constellation

Counter-Satellite Capabilities

Detailed Satellite Inventory

Leadership & Personnel

Command Structure

Rank Structure

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice