During which historical period did the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament take place?

The Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament took place during the Japanese rule period in Taiwan, specifically in the first half of the 20th century. This era refers to the time when Taiwan was under the administration of the Japanese Empire.

Who were the primary initiators of the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament?

The movement was initiated by the New People Society (新民会), an organization composed of Taiwanese students who were studying in Japan at the time. These students sought to influence policy regarding Taiwan's governance.

What was the central objective of the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament?

The central objective of the movement was to advocate for the establishment of an autonomous parliament in Taiwan. This was to be achieved by submitting petitions to the Japanese Imperial Diet, aiming to grant Taiwan greater self-governance.

How did the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament change the nature of Taiwanese resistance against Japanese rule?

The Petition Movement marked a significant turning point by shifting the primary method of resistance from armed struggle to modern-style political activism. This approach focused on legal and political advocacy rather than direct confrontation.

Beyond advocating for a parliament, what other significant contributions did the Petition Movement make to Taiwan?

The movement contributed to the development of the rule of law and the pursuit of constitutional values within Taiwan. It also influenced the Japanese government to introduce partial elections for the Diet in 1935, which initiated local autonomous governance in Taiwan.

When was the League for the Establishment of a Formosan Parliament founded, and what was its purpose?

The League for the Establishment of a Formosan Parliament was founded in 1923 by Lin Hsien-tang. Its purpose was to formally organize and advance the petitioning efforts for the establishment of a parliament in Taiwan.

How long did the petitioning efforts of the movement last, and when was the final petition submitted?

The petitioning phase of the movement lasted for 14 years, beginning with the first submission in 1921 and concluding with the last petition delivered in 1934.

What distinction does the Petition Movement hold in terms of its duration during the Japanese colonial period?

The Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament was the longest political movement during the Japanese colonial period of Taiwan, spanning 14 years.

What specific electoral reform was introduced in Taiwan in 1935, which is mentioned in relation to this movement?

In 1935, limited local elections were held in Taiwan. The text suggests this reform was influenced by the movement and initiated a form of local autonomous governance.

What earlier movement is identified as the origin of the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament?

The origins of the Petition Movement can be traced back to the "Law 63 Repealing Movement" which occurred in 1918. This earlier movement set the stage for later political activism.

Who was Lin Cheng-lu, and what was his role in the early development of the movement?

Lin Cheng-lu was a newspaper editor who, in 1918, believed that the authoritarian system established by "Law 63" undermined Taiwan's uniqueness and independence. He proposed shifting the focus towards advocating for a Taiwanese parliament.

According to Lin Cheng-lu, what negative effects did "Law 63" have on Taiwan?

Lin Cheng-lu believed that the authoritarian system established by Law 63 undermined Taiwan's uniqueness and independence. He felt it concentrated too much power away from the people.

What alternative direction did Lin Cheng-lu propose for the movement that began with the "Law 63 Repealing Movement"?

Lin Cheng-lu proposed shifting the direction of the movement towards advocating for the establishment of a Taiwanese parliament. His aim was to restore legislative authority to the people, taking it away from the Taiwan Governor-General's Office.

On what political philosophy or system did Lin Cheng-lu base his proposal for a Taiwanese parliament?

Lin Cheng-lu based his proposal on the spirit of Japanese constitutional politics. This meant advocating for representative government and legislative power within the framework of Japanese rule.

When was the very first petition for the establishment of a Taiwan Parliament submitted, and to which governing body?

The first petition for the establishment of the Taiwan Parliament was submitted on January 30, 1921, to the Japanese Imperial Diet. The Imperial Diet was the national legislature of Japan at the time.

How many petitions were submitted in total throughout the duration of the movement?

A total of 15 petitions were submitted to the Japanese Imperial Diet during the 14 years of the movement.

Who constituted the primary group of participants in the initial stages of the petition movement?

The initial participants were primarily Taiwanese students who were studying in Tokyo, Japan. They formed the core group that launched the petitioning efforts.

What organization was formed during the preparations for the third petition movement, and what happened to it?

The "Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance" (台灣議會期成同盟會) was established during the preparations for the third petition movement. However, it was subsequently banned by the Taiwan Governor-General, Den Kenjiro, due to concerns about its potential impact on social order.

Who was Den Kenjiro, and what action did he take regarding the "Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance"?

Den Kenjiro was the Governor-General of Taiwan at the time. He banned the "Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance" because he was concerned about its potential to disrupt social order.

What significant event occurred as a consequence of the banning of the "Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance"?

The banning of the alliance led to the "Incident of Security Maintenance" (治警事件). This event signifies the Japanese authorities' response to organized political activity.

How did public perception and participation in the movement change following the "Incident of Security Maintenance"?

Following the incident, the movement gained increased support from Japanese public opinion and received sympathy from Taiwanese citizens. This resulted in a larger number of participants joining the cause.

What were the key factors that led to the eventual termination of the Petition Movement?

The movement was terminated due to several factors, including the dissolution of the Taiwanese People's Party in 1931 and increasing fascist suppression from the Japanese colonial government. These events weakened the organizational support for the movement.

In what year was the Taiwanese People's Party dissolved, and how did this impact the petition movement?

The Taiwanese People's Party was dissolved in 1931. Its dissolution removed a key supporting organization, contributing to the eventual termination of the petition movement.

What type of suppression did the Japanese colonial government exert that contributed to the movement's end?

The Japanese colonial government employed fascist suppression tactics against the movement. This created an environment where organized political activism became increasingly difficult.

What year marked the official termination of the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament?

The Petition Movement was officially terminated in 1934. This was after 14 years of petitioning efforts.

The source material includes an image caption. How can this be described in a full sentence?

The source material includes an image caption describing petitioners from Taiwan who were photographed in front of a railway station in Tokyo in the year 1924.

What related topic is listed under the "See also" section of the article?

The "See also" section lists "Great Petition" as a related topic. This suggests a connection or comparison to other significant petitioning efforts.

Where can users find additional media resources related to the Taiwan Parliament Petition League Movement?

Additional media related to the Taiwan Parliament Petition League Movement can be found on Wikimedia Commons. This platform hosts various visual and audio materials.

What is the name of the online encyclopedia that provides information on the Petition Movement, and when was its article on this topic last archived?

The online resource is Taiwanpedia, managed by the Republic of China's Ministry of Culture. The article on the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament was archived on March 20, 2014.

What was the "New People Society" (新民会)?

The New People Society was an organization founded by Taiwanese students studying in Japan. It played a key role in initiating the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament.

What was the significance of the Japanese Imperial Diet in the context of this movement?

The Japanese Imperial Diet was the target of the petitions submitted by the movement. The goal was to persuade the Diet to approve the establishment of an autonomous parliament in Taiwan.

How did the Petition Movement contribute to the development of the rule of law in Taiwan?

By engaging in organized political advocacy and petitioning, the movement promoted the principles of the rule of law and constitutionalism in Taiwan. It encouraged a shift towards seeking rights through established political processes.

What does the term "local autonomous governance" refer to in the context of the 1935 reforms mentioned in the article?

Local autonomous governance refers to a system where local regions have a degree of self-rule. The introduction of partial elections for the Diet in 1935 is described as initiating this type of governance in Taiwan.

What was the "Law 63 Repealing Movement" and why was it significant?

The "Law 63 Repealing Movement" in 1918 was a precursor to the Petition Movement. It focused on challenging the authoritarian system established by Law 63, which was seen as detrimental to Taiwan's autonomy.

What was the "Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance" (台灣議會期成同盟會)?

The Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance was an organization formed during the preparations for the third petition movement. Its formation aimed to strengthen the collective effort, but it was subsequently banned by the authorities.

What was the "Incident of Security Maintenance" (治警事件)?

The "Incident of Security Maintenance" was an event that occurred as a result of the banning of the Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance. It signifies the Japanese authorities' suppression of political organizing.

How did the movement's support base evolve over time?

Initially driven by Taiwanese students in Japan, the movement later gained broader support from Japanese public opinion and sympathy from Taiwanese citizens, particularly after the "Incident of Security Maintenance."

What role did the dissolution of the Taiwanese People's Party play in the decline of the petition movement?

The dissolution of the Taiwanese People's Party in 1931 removed a key supporting organization for the petition movement. This loss of institutional backing contributed to the movement's weakening and eventual termination.

What does the phrase "modern-style political activism" signify in contrast to previous forms of resistance?

"Modern-style political activism" refers to organized efforts using petitions, advocacy, and political engagement, as opposed to older methods like armed rebellion. The Petition Movement exemplified this shift.

What was the role of Taiwanese students studying in Japan in the movement?

Taiwanese students studying in Japan were crucial as they founded the New People Society, which initiated the movement, and they formed the initial core group of participants submitting petitions.

What does the reference to "constitutional values" imply regarding the movement's aims?

The pursuit of "constitutional values" suggests the movement aimed to establish a system of governance based on laws, rights, and representation, similar to constitutional democracies.

What was the ultimate outcome of the 15 petitions submitted by the movement?

Despite the 15 petitions submitted over 14 years, the movement did not achieve its ultimate goal of establishing a fully autonomous Taiwanese parliament. However, it did influence reforms like limited local elections.

What alternative names or translations are provided for the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament?

The movement is also referred to as the Taiwan Representative Assembly campaign and the Taiwan Parliament Petition League Movement.

What was the relationship between the New People Society and the Petition Movement?

The New People Society, an organization of Taiwanese students in Japan, was the group that initiated the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament.

What was the primary motivation behind Lin Cheng-lu's proposal for a Taiwanese parliament?

Lin Cheng-lu's primary motivation was to counter the perceived negative impact of the authoritarian "Law 63" on Taiwan's uniqueness and independence. He sought to restore legislative power to the Taiwanese people.

What was the significance of the year 1935 in relation to the movement's goals?

The year 1935 saw the introduction of limited local elections in Taiwan, which represented a step towards local autonomous governance. This outcome was influenced by the sustained efforts of the petition movement.

What specific legislative body was the target of the petitions submitted during the movement?

The Japanese Imperial Diet was the specific legislative body that received the petitions submitted by the movement.

What does the term "authoritarian system" imply in the context of Law 63?

An "authoritarian system" implies a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. In the context of Law 63, it meant that power was concentrated in the hands of the Governor-General's Office, rather than being distributed through representative bodies.

Petition Movement For The Establishment Of A Taiwanese Parliament Wiki: The Parliament Petition: Taiwan's Quest for Self-Governance

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The Movement Defined

A Call for Autonomy

The Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament, also known as the Taiwan Representative Assembly or Taiwan Parliament Petition League Movement, was a significant political campaign during the first half of the 20th century under Japanese rule in Taiwan. It represented a crucial shift in Taiwanese resistance, moving from armed uprisings to organized, modern political activism.

Core Objective

Initiated by the New People Society, an organization comprising Taiwanese students studying in Japan, the movement's primary goal was to petition the Japanese Imperial Diet. The objective was to advocate for the establishment of an autonomous parliament within Taiwan, thereby seeking to restore legislative authority to the Taiwanese people from the Japanese Governor-General's Office.

Advancing Constitutional Values

This movement was instrumental in fostering the development of the rule of law and promoting constitutional values in Taiwan. It demonstrated a sophisticated engagement with political processes, aiming to achieve self-governance through persistent petitioning and advocacy rather than direct confrontation.

Roots of the Movement

The Law 63 Repealing Movement

The intellectual groundwork for the petition movement can be traced back to 1918 and the "Law 63 Repealing Movement." At that time, figures like Lin Cheng-lu, a newspaper editor, argued that the authoritarian legal framework established by Law 63 undermined Taiwan's distinct identity and autonomy. He proposed redirecting the movement's focus towards establishing a Taiwanese parliament.

Shifting Strategy

This strategic pivot aimed to transition from merely challenging existing laws to actively proposing a new political structure. The idea was to shift legislative power from the colonial administration back to the people of Taiwan, aligning with principles of constitutional governance prevalent in Japan at the time.

Key Figures and Organizations

Lin Hsien-tang (Rin Kendō)

A central figure in the movement, Lin Hsien-tang was a prominent intellectual and political leader. He was instrumental in founding the League for the Establishment of a Formosan Parliament in 1923, providing leadership and organizational structure to the petition efforts.

New People Society

This organization, composed of Taiwanese students pursuing higher education in Japan, served as the initial catalyst for the movement. Their academic background and exposure to Japanese political discourse informed their advocacy for parliamentary representation.

Taiwanese Cultural Association

Founded to promote Taiwanese culture and consciousness, this association, closely linked with Lin Hsien-tang, provided a broader platform and support network for the political aspirations of the petition movement.

Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance

Established in preparation for the third petition drive, this alliance aimed to consolidate support. However, it faced suppression by the colonial authorities, leading to the "Incident of Security Maintenance," highlighting the challenges and risks involved in such political organizing.

Taiwanese People's Party

While not directly initiating the petition movement, the existence and eventual dissolution of this political party in 1931 were significant factors that contributed to the movement's eventual termination due to the loss of organized political support.

Chronology of Advocacy

Key Milestones

The movement spanned over a decade, marked by persistent efforts and evolving political landscapes:

1918: The "Law 63 Repealing Movement" provides the conceptual basis for advocating parliamentary establishment.
1921 (Jan 30): The first petition for a Taiwan Parliament is submitted to the Imperial Diet, marking the formal start of the movement.
1923: Lin Hsien-tang founds the League for the Establishment of a Formosan Parliament.
Intervening Years: Multiple petitions are submitted, gaining support but also facing colonial resistance.
1931: The dissolution of the Taiwanese People's Party weakens the broader political support structure.
1934: The movement is officially terminated after 14 years and 15 petition submissions, without achieving its primary goal.
1935: Limited local elections are introduced in Taiwan, representing a partial concession by the colonial government.

Legacy and Influence

Political Transformation

The movement fundamentally altered the nature of political resistance against Japanese rule. By shifting towards modern political activism and petitioning, it laid crucial groundwork for the development of democratic and constitutional values in Taiwan. It demonstrated the potential for organized political action within the colonial framework.

Influence on Governance

Although the ultimate goal of a fully autonomous parliament was not achieved during the petition phase, the sustained advocacy exerted significant pressure on the Japanese government. This pressure contributed to policy changes, notably the introduction of partial elections for local governance in 1935, marking a step towards limited self-administration.

Historical Significance

As the longest-running political movement during the Japanese colonial period, it stands as a testament to the resilience and evolving strategies of Taiwanese society in pursuit of greater political rights and representation. Its influence extended beyond immediate political gains, shaping the discourse on governance and rights for future generations.

Contextual Concepts

Japanese Rule in Taiwan

The movement occurred during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1895-1945), a time characterized by both modernization efforts and strict political control. Understanding this context is vital to appreciating the challenges and significance of the petition movement.

Rule of Law

The movement's advocacy for a parliament and its reliance on petitioning underscored a desire for governance based on established legal principles and constitutional rights, rather than arbitrary colonial decree.

Political Activism

This period saw a rise in various forms of political activism among Taiwanese intellectuals and elites, seeking greater autonomy and rights. The petition movement represents a sophisticated and sustained form of this activism.

Self-Governance

The core aspiration of the movement was self-governance, the principle that a territory should have the right to govern itself. The petition movement was a primary vehicle through which this aspiration was expressed during the colonial era.

Scholarly Foundations

Cited Works

The historical understanding of this movement is built upon rigorous academic research. The following sources provide foundational insights:

Chou, Ming (2006). "The First Roar of Local Autonomy in Taiwan - The Significance of the 'Taiwan Local Autonomy Alliance' Realizing Voting Elections." In Proceedings of the Academic Symposium on the Rise and Transformation of Democracy in Taiwan. Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council.
Hao, Zhidong (2010). Whither Taiwan and Mainland China: National Identity, the State and Intellectuals. Hong Kong University Press.
Nakano, Ryoko (2013). Beyond the Western Liberal Order: Yanaihara Tadao and Empire as Society. Palgrave Macmillan.
周婉窈 (1989). 日治時期的台灣議會設置請願運動 [The Taiwan Parliament Establishment Petition Movement during the Japanese Occupation]. Taipei: Independence Evening Post Cultural Publishing Division.
Chen, Tsui-Lien (2003). "Beyond Resistance and Compliance: A Study of the Home Rule Movement in Taiwan under Japanese ruled." Taiwan Journal of Political Science (18). Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University.
Yu, Chung-Hsin (2002). 日治時期六三法制對台灣法治政治的影響 [The Impact of the 1936 Legal System in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation Period on the Rule of Law]. Graduate Institute of Nationalism Studies, National Taiwan Normal University.
The Police Bureau of the Office of the Governor-General, ed. (1989). 台灣社會運動史 [History of Social Movements in Taiwan (1913-1936)]. Translated by Wang, Nai-Hsin. Taipei: Creative Publishing.
Wakabayashi, Masahisa (2007). 台灣抗日運動史研究 [Research on the History of Anti-Japanese Movements in Taiwan]. Translated by The Taiwan History Japanese Historical Materials Reading Group. Taipei: Sower Publisher.
陳翠蓮 (2009-09-24). "台灣議會設置請願運動". Taiwanpedia. 中華民國文化部. Archived from the original on 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2015-04-17.

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References

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The Parliament Petition

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The Movement Defined 🏛️

📜 A Call for Autonomy

🎯 Core Objective

⚖️ Advancing Constitutional Values

Roots of the Movement 🌱

⚖️ The Law 63 Repealing Movement

🔄 Shifting Strategy

Key Figures and Organizations 👥

👤 Lin Hsien-tang (Rin Kendō)

🤝 New People Society

🏛️ Taiwanese Cultural Association

⚖️ Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance

🗣️ Taiwanese People's Party

Chronology of Advocacy 🗓️

⏳ Key Milestones

Legacy and Influence 🌟

📈 Political Transformation

🏛️ Influence on Governance

📚 Historical Significance

Contextual Concepts 🔗

🌍 Japanese Rule in Taiwan

⚖️ Rule of Law

✊ Political Activism

🗣️ Self-Governance

Scholarly Foundations 📚

📖 Cited Works

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The Movement Defined

A Call for Autonomy

Core Objective

Advancing Constitutional Values

Roots of the Movement

The Law 63 Repealing Movement

Shifting Strategy

Key Figures and Organizations

Lin Hsien-tang (Rin Kendō)

New People Society

Taiwanese Cultural Association

Taiwan Parliament Period Alliance

Taiwanese People's Party

Chronology of Advocacy

Key Milestones

Legacy and Influence

Political Transformation

Influence on Governance

Historical Significance

Contextual Concepts

Japanese Rule in Taiwan

Rule of Law

Political Activism

Self-Governance

Scholarly Foundations

Cited Works

Teacher's Corner

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Test Your Knowledge!

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Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice