What is Pranlukast and what is its primary classification?

Pranlukast is a medication classified as a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist. It is known by the brand name Onon (オノン) and is widely used in Japan.

What is the main therapeutic purpose of Pranlukast?

The primary function of Pranlukast is to antagonize bronchospasm, which is the tightening of airways in the lungs. This is particularly relevant in asthmatic individuals where bronchospasm can be triggered by an allergic reaction to inhaled allergens.

How does Pranlukast exert its therapeutic effect?

Pranlukast functions by acting as an antagonist at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (CysLT1). By blocking this receptor, it inhibits the action of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory mediators that can cause airway constriction.

Which other well-known medication shares a similar mechanism of action with Pranlukast?

Pranlukast's mechanism of action is similar to that of montelukast, a drug developed by Merck & Co. and marketed under the brand name Singulair.

In which geographical region is Pranlukast commonly prescribed?

Pranlukast is widely used in Japan.

What is the trade name under which Pranlukast is sold?

The trade name for Pranlukast is Onon (オノン).

What is the chemical formula for Pranlukast?

The chemical formula for Pranlukast is C27H23N5O4. This formula details the precise number of atoms of each element present in a single molecule of the compound.

What is the molar mass of Pranlukast?

The molar mass of Pranlukast is 481.512 grams per mole (g·mol−1). This value is crucial for stoichiometric calculations in chemistry and pharmacology.

Can you provide the IUPAC name for Pranlukast?

The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) name for Pranlukast is N-[4-oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-chromen-8-yl]-4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzamide.

What is the CAS Registry Number assigned to Pranlukast?

The CAS Registry Number for Pranlukast is 103177-37-3. This unique numerical identifier is used to identify chemical substances.

What is Pranlukast's identifier in the PubChem database?

Pranlukast is identified by the Compound ID 4887 in the PubChem database, a public repository of chemical information.

What is the standard route of administration for Pranlukast?

Pranlukast is administered orally, meaning it is taken by mouth.

What is the ATC code associated with Pranlukast?

The ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) code for Pranlukast is R03DC02. This code helps classify drugs based on the organ or system they act on and their therapeutic, pharmacological, and chemical properties.

How is Pranlukast typically integrated into the treatment regimen for asthma?

Pranlukast is generally used as an adjunct therapy, meaning it is administered in addition to the standard treatments for asthma. These standard treatments usually include inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled long- or short-acting beta-agonists.

What is the elimination half-life of Pranlukast?

The elimination half-life of Pranlukast is 1.5 hours. This indicates the time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the administered dose of the drug.

Where does the metabolism of Pranlukast primarily occur?

Pranlukast undergoes metabolism primarily in the liver. This hepatic metabolism is a key step in how the body processes and eventually eliminates the drug.

Which specific enzyme plays a major role in Pranlukast's metabolism?

The enzyme CYP3A4 is mainly involved in the hepatic metabolism of Pranlukast. This enzyme is part of the cytochrome P450 family and is responsible for metabolizing a wide range of substances.

Are there other medications similar in effectiveness to Pranlukast?

Yes, the source material indicates that there are several other medications within the same drug class as Pranlukast, and they are all considered to be equally effective.

What does the term 'leukotriene receptor antagonist' signify?

A leukotriene receptor antagonist is a type of medication that blocks the action of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory chemicals produced by the body. By blocking their receptors, these drugs can help reduce inflammation and symptoms like airway constriction.

What is the SMILES string provided for Pranlukast?

The SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) string for Pranlukast is O=C(Nc2cccc3c(=O)cc(c1nn[nH]n1)oc23)c5ccc(OCCCCc4ccccc4)cc5. This string is a textual representation of the molecule's structure.

What does the InChI string represent for Pranlukast?

The InChI (International Chemical Identifier) string for Pranlukast, InChI=1S/C27H23N5O4/c33-23-17-24(26-29-31-32-30-26)36-25-21(23)10-6-11-22(25)28-27(34)19-12-14-20(15-13-19)35-16-5-4-9-18-7-2-1-3-8-18/h1-3,6-8,10-15,17H,4-5,9,16H2,(H,28,34)(H,29,30,31,32), provides a standardized, unique identifier for its chemical structure, useful for database searching and literature referencing.

What is the InChI Key for Pranlukast?

The InChI Key for Pranlukast is NBQKINXMPLXUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N. This is a shorter, canonical representation derived from the InChI string, often used for database indexing.

What is Pranlukast's Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)?

The UNII for Pranlukast is TB8Z891092. This identifier is assigned by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) for substances used in drug products.

What is the ChEMBL database identifier for Pranlukast?

Pranlukast is identified as ChEMBL21333 in the ChEMBL database, which is a manually curated chemical database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties.

What identifier does the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard provide for Pranlukast?

The CompTox Chemicals Dashboard, maintained by the EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), identifies Pranlukast with the ID DTXSID3043782.

What is the ECHA InfoCard number associated with Pranlukast?

The ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) InfoCard number for Pranlukast is 100.236.084. This provides regulatory information about the substance within the EU.

What is the IUPHAR/BPS identifier for Pranlukast?

The IUPHAR/BPS (International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology / British Pharmacological Society) identifier for Pranlukast is 3634. This relates to its interaction with biological targets.

What is Pranlukast's identifier in the DrugBank database?

Pranlukast is listed in the DrugBank database with the identifier DB01411. DrugBank is a comprehensive database containing information on drugs, drug targets, and drug interactions.

What is the ChemSpider identifier for Pranlukast?

The ChemSpider identifier for Pranlukast is 4718. ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database providing rapid access to chemical information.

Which specific receptor subtype does Pranlukast target?

Pranlukast specifically targets and antagonizes the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (CysLT1).

What are the standard components of asthma therapy that Pranlukast complements?

Pranlukast is used alongside standard asthma therapy which typically includes inhaled steroids for their anti-inflammatory effects and inhaled long- or short-acting beta-agonists for bronchodilation.

What is the role of leukotrienes in the context of allergic reactions and asthma?

Leukotrienes, particularly cysteinyl leukotrienes, are potent mediators released during allergic reactions. They contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of asthma by causing inflammation, mucus secretion, and importantly, bronchospasm (constriction of the airways).

Does the source text mention any pharmacokinetic studies of Pranlukast involving children?

Yes, the source references a study published in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in April 2006 that investigated the population pharmacokinetics of Pranlukast hydrate dry syrup specifically in children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.

What does the ATC code R03DC02 indicate about Pranlukast's therapeutic category?

The ATC code R03DC02 places Pranlukast in the category of drugs for obstructive airway diseases (R03), specifically as a leukotriene receptor antagonist (R03DC), with Pranlukast being the specific agent designated by '02'.

How does Pranlukast compare to other leukotriene receptor antagonists like Montelukast and Zafirlukast?

Pranlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist, functioning similarly to Montelukast and Zafirlukast, which also target the CysLT1 receptor. The text suggests these similar medications are generally considered equally effective.

What is the significance of Pranlukast being categorized under 'Eicosanoid inhibition'?

Pranlukast is categorized under 'Eicosanoid inhibition' because leukotrienes, the molecules it targets, are a class of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from fatty acids that play crucial roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and other physiological processes.

What does the term 'adjunct therapy' imply about Pranlukast's role in treatment?

The term 'adjunct therapy' signifies that Pranlukast is used as a supplementary treatment alongside primary therapies, rather than being the sole or main medication. It is intended to enhance the overall effectiveness of the treatment plan.

What information can be derived from Pranlukast's SMILES notation?

The SMILES notation, O=C(Nc2cccc3c(=O)cc(c1nn[nH]n1)oc23)c5ccc(OCCCCc4ccccc4)cc5, provides a linear string representation of Pranlukast's molecular structure, detailing the types of atoms and how they are connected.

What is the purpose of the InChI Key NBQKINXMPLXUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N for Pranlukast?

The InChI Key NBQKINXMPLXUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N serves as a concise, standardized identifier for Pranlukast's chemical structure, facilitating its unambiguous identification and retrieval in chemical databases and literature.

What does the ATC code R03DC02 signify within the broader classification system?

The ATC code R03DC02 specifically identifies Pranlukast. The 'R' denotes drugs for the respiratory system, 'R03' indicates drugs used in obstructive airway diseases, 'R03D' points to other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, and 'R03DC' classifies leukotriene receptor antagonists, with '02' being the specific code for Pranlukast.

What is the primary metabolic organ for Pranlukast, and what is the main enzyme involved?

The primary organ for Pranlukast metabolism is the liver, where the enzyme CYP3A4 plays a significant role in breaking down the drug.

What is the clinical significance of Pranlukast's 1.5-hour elimination half-life?

An elimination half-life of 1.5 hours for Pranlukast suggests that the drug is relatively quickly processed and removed from the body. This pharmacokinetic property influences dosing frequency and duration of action.

What potential application for Pranlukast has been observed in experimental settings?

In experimental models, Pranlukast has shown potential as an inhibitor of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* infection, indicating possible research avenues for its use in treating tuberculosis.

What does the brand name Onon (オノン) refer to?

Onon (オノン) is the brand name under which Pranlukast is marketed.

What is the relationship between Pranlukast and leukotriene signaling?

Pranlukast acts as an antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (CysLT1), thereby modulating or inhibiting the signaling pathway mediated by leukotrienes, which are involved in inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

What are the chemical identifiers provided for Pranlukast in the source?

The source provides numerous chemical identifiers for Pranlukast, including its CAS Number (103177-37-3), PubChem CID (4887), IUPHAR/BPS identifier (3634), DrugBank ID (DB01411), ChemSpider ID (4718), UNII (TB8Z891092), ChEMBL ID (ChEMBL21333), CompTox Dashboard ID (DTXSID3043782), ECHA InfoCard number (100.236.084), IUPAC name, SMILES string, and InChI/InChI Key.

How does Pranlukast help manage symptoms related to allergic reactions in asthmatics?

Pranlukast helps manage symptoms by blocking the effects of leukotrienes, which are released during allergic reactions and cause airway inflammation and bronchospasm. By antagonizing the CysLT1 receptor, Pranlukast reduces this airway constriction.

What is the chemical structure of Pranlukast represented by the IUPAC name?

The IUPAC name N-[4-oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-chromen-8-yl]-4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzamide describes the precise arrangement of atoms and functional groups within the Pranlukast molecule according to standardized chemical nomenclature rules.

What does the term 'antagonist' mean when describing Pranlukast's action on the CysLT1 receptor?

When Pranlukast acts as an antagonist on the CysLT1 receptor, it means it binds to the receptor but does not activate it. Instead, it blocks other molecules (like leukotrienes) from binding and activating the receptor, thereby preventing the downstream biological effects.

What is the significance of Pranlukast being classified as a leukotriene receptor antagonist?

Classifying Pranlukast as a leukotriene receptor antagonist indicates its mechanism of action: it interferes with the biological effects of leukotrienes by blocking their receptors. This is a key strategy for managing inflammatory conditions like asthma.

Pranlukast Wiki: Pranlukast Unveiled: Targeting Leukotriene Pathways for Respiratory Health

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Introduction to Pranlukast

Pharmaceutical Compound

Pranlukast, known by the trade name Onon (オノン), is a pharmaceutical compound classified as a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist. Its therapeutic action is comparable to that of montelukast, a widely recognized medication developed by Merck & Co. Pranlukast finds significant application, particularly in Japan, for managing specific respiratory ailments.

Therapeutic Role

Drugs within this pharmacological class primarily function by antagonizing bronchospasm. This effect is particularly crucial in asthmatic patients, where it counteracts the adverse effects triggered by allergens. Pranlukast serves as an adjunct therapy, complementing standard treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids and beta-agonists.

Emerging Research

Beyond its established role in respiratory conditions, Pranlukast has shown potential in experimental models as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This suggests broader potential applications that warrant further investigation.

Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Profile

Clinical Identifiers

Pranlukast is recognized under various identifiers crucial for its clinical and regulatory management:

Trade Names: Onon (オノン)
AHFS/Drugs.com: International Drug Names
Routes of Administration: Oral
ATC Code: R03DC02

Pharmacokinetic Properties

Understanding how the body processes Pranlukast is key to its effective use:

Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver, with the enzyme CYP3A4 playing a significant role.
Elimination Half-life: Approximately 1.5 hours, indicating relatively rapid clearance from the system.

Chemical and Physical Data

Molecular Structure and Properties

Pranlukast possesses a distinct chemical structure that dictates its pharmacological activity:

IUPAC Name: N-[4-oxo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-chromen-8-yl]-4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzamide
Chemical Formula: C₂₇H₂₃N₅O₄
Molar Mass: 481.512 g·mol⁻¹

Identification Numbers

These identifiers are essential for tracking and referencing the compound across databases:

CAS Number: 103177-37-3
PubChem CID: 4887
IUPHAR/BPS: 3634
DrugBank: DB01411
ChemSpider: 4718
UNII: TB8Z891092
ChEMBL: ChEMBL21333
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3043782
ECHA InfoCard: 100.236.084

Structural Representation:

SMILES: O=C(Nc2cccc3c(=O)cc(c1nn[nH]n1)oc23)c5ccc(OCCCCc4ccccc4)cc5
InChI: InChI=1S/C27H23N5O4/c33-23-17-24(26-29-31-32-30-26)36-25-21(23)10-6-11-22(25)28-27(34)19-12-14-20(15-13-19)35-16-5-4-9-18-7-2-1-3-8-18/h1-3,6-8,10-15,17H,4-5,9,16H2,(H,28,34)(H,29,30,31,32)
InChI Key: NBQKINXMPLXUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Interactive 3D Model: View 3D Structure

Mechanism and Application

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonism

Pranlukast functions as a potent antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT₁). Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma and other allergic conditions. By blocking the action of leukotrienes at their receptor sites, Pranlukast inhibits key inflammatory processes, including:

Bronchoconstriction (narrowing of airways)
Edema formation (swelling)
Mucus secretion
Eosinophil recruitment (a type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses)

Clinical Use in Respiratory Diseases

Pranlukast is primarily indicated for the management of conditions characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, most notably:

Asthma: Used as an add-on therapy to improve symptom control and reduce exacerbations, particularly in patients whose symptoms are not adequately managed by standard treatments.
Allergic Rhinitis: Also employed to alleviate symptoms associated with allergic nasal inflammation.

Its efficacy stems from its ability to counteract the effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC₄, LTD₄, LTE₄) which are released by inflammatory cells like mast cells and eosinophils.

Context within Leukotriene Modulation

Comparison with Similar Agents

Pranlukast belongs to a class of drugs that modulate leukotriene signaling. It shares its primary mechanism with other CysLT₁ antagonists such as Montelukast and Zafirlukast. These medications are often considered when inhaled corticosteroids alone do not provide sufficient symptom relief.

Broader Leukotriene Pathway

The leukotriene pathway involves enzymes like 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and leukotriene receptors (CysLT₁, CysLT₂, BLT₁, BLT₂). While Pranlukast specifically targets CysLT₁, other agents exist that inhibit these enzymes or target different receptors within this complex inflammatory cascade.

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References

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Pranlukast Unveiled

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Introduction to Pranlukast ℹ️

💊 Pharmaceutical Compound

🌬️ Therapeutic Role

🔬 Emerging Research

Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Profile 📊

🏷️ Clinical Identifiers

⚙️ Pharmacokinetic Properties

Chemical and Physical Data 🧪

⚛️ Molecular Structure and Properties

🆔 Identification Numbers

Mechanism and Application 🎯

⚡ Leukotriene Receptor Antagonism

🏥 Clinical Use in Respiratory Diseases

Context within Leukotriene Modulation 🔗

⚖️ Comparison with Similar Agents

🔬 Broader Leukotriene Pathway

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction to Pranlukast

Pharmaceutical Compound

Therapeutic Role

Emerging Research

Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Profile

Clinical Identifiers

Pharmacokinetic Properties

Chemical and Physical Data

Molecular Structure and Properties

Identification Numbers

Mechanism and Application

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonism

Clinical Use in Respiratory Diseases

Context within Leukotriene Modulation

Comparison with Similar Agents

Broader Leukotriene Pathway

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice