What is Sarajevo's primary role in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Sarajevo serves as the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also the political, financial, social, and cultural center of the country, exerting significant influence across the region in areas like entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts.

What are some of Sarajevo's notable nicknames and what do they signify?

Sarajevo is often called the "Jerusalem of Europe" or "Jerusalem of the Balkans" due to its historical religious and cultural diversity. It's one of the few major European cities where a mosque, Catholic church, Eastern Orthodox church, and synagogue are located within the same neighborhood. It was also historically known as "Šeher" (city in Turkish).

What significant event in Sarajevo's history is linked to the start of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb activist, occurred in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. This event is widely recognized as the catalyst that triggered the outbreak of World War I.

What major sporting event did Sarajevo host in 1984?

Sarajevo hosted the XIV Winter Olympics in 1984. These games marked a prosperous era for the city and utilized the surrounding mountains for various winter sports events.

How long did the Siege of Sarajevo last during the Bosnian War?

The Siege of Sarajevo, which took place during the Bosnian War, was the longest siege of a capital city in modern history, lasting for 1,425 days. It spanned from April 1992 to February 1996.

What are the "Sarajevo Roses" and what do they represent?

The "Sarajevo Roses" are a memorial created from the concrete scars left by mortar shell explosions during the Siege of Sarajevo. These scars were filled with red resin, forming floral patterns that serve as a reminder of the city's wartime victims.

What is the origin of the name "Sarajevo"?

The name "Sarajevo" is derived from the Turkish word "saray," meaning "palace" or "mansion" (ultimately from Persian "saray"). The "evo" suffix is believed to be of Slavic origin, possibly indicating "city of the palace" or "place of the palace."

What climate classification does Sarajevo fall under?

Sarajevo experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb), which borders on a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). This means it has four distinct seasons with precipitation spread relatively evenly throughout the year.

What is the significance of the "Olympic Mountains" near Sarajevo?

The mountains Bjelašnica, Jahorina, Trebević, and Igman are known as the "Olympic Mountains" because they hosted venues for many of the sports during the 1984 Winter Olympics held in Sarajevo.

What are the four main municipalities that constitute the City of Sarajevo?

The City of Sarajevo is composed of four municipalities: Centar (Center), Novi Grad (New Town), Novo Sarajevo (New Sarajevo), and Stari Grad (Old Town).

How did the Dayton Agreement affect Sarajevo's administrative divisions?

Following the Dayton Agreement, the administrative divisions of Sarajevo were impacted by the country's partition. Several municipalities were divided along the borders of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, leading to the formation of new municipalities that constitute the city of Istočno Sarajevo in Republika Srpska.

What was the economic status of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav era compared to the Yugoslav average?

In 1981, Sarajevo's GDP per capita was 133% of the Yugoslav average, indicating a strong economic position within the former Yugoslavia. The city experienced significant industrial development and population growth during this period.

What is the primary economic contribution of the Sarajevo Canton to Bosnia and Herzegovina?

The Sarajevo Canton is the strongest economic region in Bosnia and Herzegovina, generating almost 25% of the country's GDP. Its economy is driven by large manufacturing, administrative, and tourism sectors.

Which countries are Sarajevo's main export and import partners?

In 2019, Germany was the primary destination for Sarajevo's exports (20.55%), followed by Serbia and Croatia. Croatia was the largest source of imported goods into Sarajevo, accounting for 20.95% of imports.

What recognition did Sarajevo receive from Lonely Planet?

The travel guide series Lonely Planet ranked Sarajevo as the 43rd best city in the world and recommended it as one of the top ten cities to visit in 2010.

What historical periods influenced Sarajevo's architecture?

Sarajevo's architecture reflects its history, featuring a blend of Ottoman styles, contemporary Western designs from the Austro-Hungarian period (including Secession and Moorish Revival styles), and post-war reconstruction elements.

What was the significance of the Austro-Hungarian period for Sarajevo's development?

During the Austro-Hungarian occupation, Sarajevo was industrialized, and the city saw significant development with the introduction of modern infrastructure like tramways (before Vienna) and the construction of numerous Western-style buildings. This period also saw the city expand beyond its traditional borders.

What happened to Sarajevo's Jewish communities during World War II?

During World War II, the Nazis and the Ustaše looted, burned, and destroyed synagogues, and deported the vast majority of Sarajevo's Jewish population to concentration camps, where most perished. The Sarajevo Haggadah was one of the few significant artifacts to survive this period.

What was the "Resolution of Sarajevo Muslims" in 1941?

The Resolution of Sarajevo Muslims, signed by 108 notable Bosniak citizens on October 12, 1941, condemned the genocide of Serbs organized by the Ustaše, distinguished between participating Bosniaks and the general population, and requested security for all citizens, regardless of identity.

What major infrastructure project was completed in Sarajevo in 2018, related to the 1984 Olympics?

The Sarajevo cable car, a key landmark from the 1984 Winter Olympics, was rebuilt and reopened in 2018. It connects the Bistrik station in the city center to the slopes of Mount Trebević.

What is the role of Sarajevo's City Council?

The City Council, or Gradsko vijeće, is the legislative branch of Sarajevo's city government. It comprises 28 members, including a speaker and deputies, and is responsible for city governance, with a statute requiring representation from each constituent people and "Others."

What are some of the key industries in Sarajevo today?

Current industries in Sarajevo include tobacco products, furniture, hosiery, automobiles, and communication equipment. While many pre-communist era businesses struggled to adapt to a market economy, some have successfully transitioned.

What is the significance of the Sarajevo Haggadah?

The Sarajevo Haggadah is an illuminated manuscript and the oldest Sephardic Jewish document in the world, originating from Barcelona around 1350. It contains the traditional Jewish Haggadah and is a significant artifact that survived the Holocaust in Sarajevo, currently on display at the National Museum.

What is the Sarajevo school of pop rock known for?

The Sarajevo school of pop rock, which developed between 1961 and 1991, is known for pioneering the regional rock and roll movement. It produced influential bands like Indexi, Kodeksi, Bijelo Dugme, and Crvena Jabuka, and singer-songwriters like Kemal Monteno.

What was the "New Primitives" subculture in Sarajevo?

The "New Primitives" was an urban post-punk subculture that emerged in Sarajevo in the early 1980s. It was characterized by bands like Zabranjeno Pušenje and the media project "Top lista nadrealista," influencing the city's cultural landscape.

What is the significance of Sevdalinka music in Sarajevo's cultural history?

Sarajevo was a major center for Sevdalinka music, a traditional Bosnian genre, particularly in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Musicians and songwriters from Sarajevo significantly contributed to bringing Sevdalinka into the mainstream.

What is the Sarajevo Film Festival and its regional importance?

Established in 1995 during the Bosnian War, the Sarajevo Film Festival has grown to become the largest and most significant film festival in Southeast Europe. It attracts filmmakers and audiences from across the region and beyond.

What role did Sarajevo play in the 1984 Winter Olympics beyond hosting?

During the 1984 Winter Olympics, Yugoslavia won one medal: a silver in men's giant slalom awarded to Jure Franko. The games also boosted tourism and led to significant infrastructure development in the city.

What is the current status of the Olympic luge and bobsled tracks near Sarajevo?

The original Olympic luge and bobsled tracks near Sarajevo, damaged during the war, are being repaired through the efforts of the Olympic Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina and local sports enthusiasts, aiming to revive some of Sarajevo's Olympic legacy.

Which major football clubs are based in Sarajevo?

Sarajevo is home to two prominent football clubs: FK Sarajevo and FK Željezničar Sarajevo. Both clubs have successful histories in Yugoslav and Bosnian competitions and participate in European tournaments.

What is the significance of the Sarajevo tram system?

Sarajevo's electric tramways, operational since 1884 and electrified in 1895, hold historical significance as the oldest form of public transportation in the city. Sarajevo had the first full-time tram line in Europe and the second in the world.

What are some of the modern skyscrapers that have shaped Sarajevo's skyline?

Modern buildings contributing to Sarajevo's skyline include the Bosmal City Center, ARIA Centar, Sarajevo City Center, and the Avaz Twist Tower, which was once the tallest skyscraper in former Yugoslavia.

What is the "Sarajevo Red Line"?

The Sarajevo Red Line is a memorial event commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Siege of Sarajevo. It involves placing 11,541 empty chairs in the city center, symbolizing the number of victims killed during the siege.

What is the historical context of Sarajevo's religious diversity?

For centuries, Sarajevo has been a melting pot of religions, with Muslims, Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholics, and Sephardic Jews coexisting and maintaining distinct identities. This diversity led to its nickname "Jerusalem of Europe."

What is the role of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding historical artifacts?

The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, established in 1888, houses significant historical items, including the Sarajevo Haggadah. It also exhibits over 5,000 artifacts related to Bosnia's history and hosts year-round exhibitions on local, regional, and international culture.

What is the significance of the Alija Izetbegović Museum?

The Alija Izetbegović Museum, opened in 2007 in the Vratnik fortress, commemorates the work and influence of Alija Izetbegović, the first president of the Presidency of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It serves as a tribute to his role in the country's history.

What is the War Childhood Museum and what award did it receive?

The War Childhood Museum is an independent museum in Sarajevo containing personal belongings and stories from individuals who experienced the war as children. In 2018, it received the Council of Europe Museum Prize, recognizing its significant contribution to preserving the experiences of war-affected children.

What is the historical significance of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque and Clock Tower?

The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque and the Sarajevo Clock Tower are prominent landmarks in Sarajevo, dating back to the Ottoman era. Gazi Husrev-beg, a significant governor, heavily shaped the city's physical landscape during his reign, contributing to the development of the Old Town.

What is the "Sarajevo school of pop rock"?

The Sarajevo school of pop rock refers to a musical movement that flourished in the city between 1961 and 1991. It produced influential bands and artists who significantly contributed to the Yugoslav rock scene, characterized by a unique blend of pop and rock influences.

What is the significance of the Sarajevo Film Festival's "talent campus"?

The talent campus, held during the Sarajevo Film Festival, provides a platform for film students from Southeast Europe to learn from international cinematography experts through lectures and workshops. It aims to foster the development of emerging filmmakers in the region.

What is the "MESS International Theatre Festival"?

The MESS International Theatre Festival is an experimental theatre event held annually in Sarajevo. It is recognized as the oldest continuously operating theatre festival in the Balkans, showcasing diverse and innovative theatrical productions.

What is the "Giro di Sarajevo"?

The "Giro di Sarajevo" is an annual cycling event held in the city. In 2015, over 2,200 cyclists participated, highlighting the growing popularity of cycling as a recreational activity in Sarajevo.

What is the significance of the Old Jewish Cemetery in Sarajevo?

The Old Jewish Cemetery in Sarajevo is a UNESCO tentative monument and one of Europe's largest Jewish sepulchral complexes, nearly 500 years old. It stands as a testament to the coexistence and mutual respect among different religious communities under various administrations throughout history.

What role did the Sarajevo cable car play historically and currently?

The Sarajevo cable car was a significant landmark during the 1984 Winter Olympics. After being rebuilt and reopened in 2018, it serves as a popular tourist attraction, connecting the city center to Mount Trebević and offering scenic views.

What is the "Sarajevo Blues" book mentioned in the bibliography?

"Sarajevo Blues" is a book by Semezdin Mehmedinović, published in 1998 by City Lights. It is listed in the bibliography, suggesting it offers insights into Sarajevo's experiences, possibly related to its history or culture.

What is the significance of the "Sarajevo Tunnel" mentioned in the navbox?

The Sarajevo Tunnel, also known as the Tunnel of Hope, was a vital underground passage constructed during the Bosnian War. It allowed for the transport of essential goods and provided a connection for the besieged city to the outside world.

What is the "Sarajevo Rose" memorial?

The "Sarajevo Rose" refers to the concrete scars left by mortar shell explosions during the siege, which were later filled with red resin. These memorials serve as a stark reminder of the human cost of the conflict and are found throughout the city.

What is the "Bosnian school of pop rock"?

The "Bosnian school of pop rock" refers to the influential music scene that emerged from Sarajevo between 1961 and 1991. It produced many popular bands and artists who shaped the Yugoslav rock music landscape.

What is the significance of the "Sarajevo Tunnel" mentioned in the navbox?

The Sarajevo Tunnel, also known as the Tunnel of Hope, was a vital underground passage constructed during the Bosnian War. It allowed for the transport of essential goods and provided a connection for the besieged city to the outside world.

What is the "Sarajevo Rose" memorial?

The "Sarajevo Rose" refers to the concrete scars left by mortar shell explosions during the siege, which were later filled with red resin. These memorials serve as a stark reminder of the human cost of the conflict and are found throughout the city.

Sarajevo Wiki: Sarajevo: A Tapestry of Time and Culture

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Overview

Capital City

Sarajevo serves as the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the heart of the Balkans, nestled within the Sarajevo valley, surrounded by the Dinaric Alps.

Geographic Context

Located at approximately 518 meters (1,699 feet) above sea level, the city is bisected by the Miljacka River. Its unique position has historically made it a crossroads of cultures and civilizations.

Cultural Hub

Renowned for its religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo is often called the "Jerusalem of Europe" or "Jerusalem of the Balkans." It uniquely hosts mosques, Catholic churches, Orthodox churches, and synagogues in close proximity.

Geography

Valley Setting

Sarajevo is cradled within a valley, embraced by the Dinaric Alps. This geographical feature influences its climate and urban development, with residential areas often perched on hillsides.

River Miljacka

The Miljacka River flows through the city, serving as a central geographic feature. Its source is near Pale, and it eventually merges with the Bosna River, another significant natural landmark near Ilidža.

Olympic Mountains

Five major mountains—Treskavica, Bjelašnica, Jahorina, Trebević, and Igman—surround the city. These mountains, known as the Olympic Mountains, hosted events during the 1984 Winter Olympics and remain popular for recreation.

Historical Significance

Ottoman Foundations

Founded in the 1450s by the Ottoman Empire, Sarajevo rapidly developed into a significant regional center. Isa-Beg Ishaković established key structures, including a mosque, marketplace, and palace, giving the city its name.

Austro-Hungarian Modernization

Under Austro-Hungarian rule starting in 1878, Sarajevo underwent significant modernization. New architecture, infrastructure like tramways, and Western influences transformed the city, blending Ottoman and European styles.

20th Century Turmoil

Sarajevo was the site of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination in 1914, triggering World War I. Later, it hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics but endured the longest siege of a capital city during the Bosnian War (1992-1996).

The siege resulted in thousands of civilian casualties and widespread destruction. The "Sarajevo Roses," memorials filled with red resin in pavement cracks, symbolize the victims of this conflict.

Post-War Revival

Following reconstruction efforts, Sarajevo has experienced significant growth and development. It is recognized as a UNESCO Creative City and continues to rebuild its cultural and economic landscape.

Economic Landscape

Regional Strength

Sarajevo Canton contributes significantly to Bosnia and Herzegovina's GDP, driven by its manufacturing, administrative, and tourism sectors. Post-war reconstruction has spurred economic recovery and growth.

Key Industries

Historically strong in manufacturing, Sarajevo's industries now include tobacco products, furniture, automotive components, and communication equipment. Major companies like BH Telecom and Sarajevo Brewery are based here.

Trade and Finance

The city is a financial hub, hosting the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sarajevo Stock Exchange. Trade relations are primarily with Germany, Serbia, and Croatia, though imports currently exceed exports.

Transportation Network

Historic Trams

Sarajevo boasts one of Europe's oldest tram systems, operational since 1884. The network has been modernized with new trams, enhancing connectivity within the compact city.

Public Transit

Complementing the trams are extensive bus and trolleybus routes, forming the backbone of public transportation. These services connect various city districts and surrounding areas.

International Gateway

Sarajevo International Airport (SJJ) serves as the primary air portal for Bosnia and Herzegovina, facilitating both domestic and international travel. It has undergone significant upgrades to enhance passenger experience.

Cultural Mosaic

Religious Harmony

The city's nickname, "Jerusalem of Europe," reflects its historical coexistence of diverse religious communities, with mosques, churches, and synagogues situated near each other.

Artistic Heritage

Sarajevo is a vibrant cultural center, influencing regional trends in media, arts, and entertainment. Its rich history, shaped by Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Yugoslav periods, is evident in its architecture and traditions.

International Recognition

The city's cultural significance has earned it international accolades, including designation as a UNESCO Creative City of Film and recognition by travel guides as a top global destination.

Climate Profile

Four Seasons

Sarajevo experiences a climate characterized by four distinct seasons, with uniformly distributed precipitation. It borders on a humid continental climate, influenced by its valley location and surrounding mountains.

Winter Sports

The city's mountainous surroundings provide excellent conditions for winter sports, a legacy highlighted by the 1984 Winter Olympics. Average January temperatures hover around freezing.

Summer Warmth

Summers are warm, with average July temperatures around 19.7°C (67.5°F). However, occasional heatwaves can push temperatures significantly higher.

Climate Data

The city experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with average annual temperatures around 10°C (50°F). Detailed climate data is available below.

Climate data for Sarajevo (1991–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	18.2 (64.8)	21.4 (70.5)	26.6 (79.9)	30.2 (86.4)	33.2 (91.8)	35.9 (96.6)	38.4 (101.1)	40.7 (105.3)	37.7 (99.9)	32.2 (90.0)	24.7 (76.5)	18.0 (64.4)	40.7 (105.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	4.1 (39.4)	6.6 (43.9)	11.5 (52.7)	16.5 (61.7)	21.4 (70.5)	25.4 (77.7)	27.8 (82.0)	28.3 (82.9)	22.5 (72.5)	17.3 (63.1)	10.6 (51.1)	4.3 (39.7)	16.4 (61.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.6 (33.1)	2.4 (36.3)	6.5 (43.7)	10.8 (51.4)	15.2 (59.4)	19.0 (66.2)	21.0 (69.8)	21.3 (70.3)	16.5 (61.7)	11.9 (53.4)	6.7 (44.1)	1.3 (34.3)	11.1 (52.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−2.9 (26.8)	−1.9 (28.6)	1.4 (34.5)	5.1 (41.2)	9.0 (48.2)	12.6 (54.7)	14.2 (57.6)	14.3 (57.7)	10.4 (50.7)	6.5 (43.7)	2.8 (37.0)	−1.7 (28.9)	5.4 (41.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−26.2 (−15.2)	−23.4 (−10.1)	−16.4 (2.5)	−13.2 (8.2)	−9.0 (15.8)	−3.2 (26.2)	−2.7 (27.1)	−1.0 (30.2)	−4.0 (24.8)	−10.9 (12.4)	−19.3 (−2.7)	−22.4 (−8.3)	−26.4 (−15.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	68.3 (2.69)	67.3 (2.65)	66.7 (2.63)	78.1 (3.07)	88.7 (3.49)	87.8 (3.46)	75.1 (2.96)	62.9 (2.48)	89.3 (3.52)	91.4 (3.60)	84.9 (3.34)	89.0 (3.50)	949.5 (37.39)
Average rainy days	9.6	9.6	9.4	10.8	11.1	10.3	8.7	7.4	8.8	8.7	8.9	10.2	113.5
Average snowy days	10	12	9	2	0.2	0	0	0	0	2	6	12	53
Average relative humidity (%)	79	74	68	67	68	70	69	69	75	77	76	81	73
Mean monthly sunshine hours	57.1	83.8	125.6	152.3	191.7	207.1	256.3	238.2	186.6	148.8	81.2	40.7	1769.4
Source: WMO
Source: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)

Governance

Administrative Structure

Sarajevo functions as the capital at multiple administrative levels: the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Sarajevo Canton. It houses national institutions and foreign embassies.

City Governance

The city is composed of four municipalities: Centar, Novi Grad, Novo Sarajevo, and Stari Grad. Each has its own municipal government, united under a city government with a mayor and a 28-member City Council.

National Institutions

Key state institutions, including the Presidency, Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Ministers, and the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are headquartered in Sarajevo.

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References

Å kaljiÄ, Abdulah. Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Svjetlost, Sarajevo, 1989, Å¡esto izdanje

Definition of "Saraybosna" at EkÅi SÃ¶zlÃ¼k. Retrieved 30 July 2025

Robert J. Donia, Sarajevo: a biography. University of Michigan Press, 2006. (p. 197)

A full list of references for this article are available at the Sarajevo Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This content has been generated by an AI model and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It is based on data available from Wikipedia and may not reflect the most current information or nuances of the topic.

This is not professional advice. The information provided is not a substitute for expert consultation, particularly concerning historical, cultural, or geographical matters. Always consult authoritative sources and qualified professionals for specific inquiries.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Sarajevo: A Tapestry of Time and Culture

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 📍

🏙️ Capital City

🌍 Geographic Context

🤝 Cultural Hub

Geography 🏞️

⛰️ Valley Setting

💧 River Miljacka

🌲 Olympic Mountains

Historical Significance 📜

🕌 Ottoman Foundations

🇦🇹 Austro-Hungarian Modernization

💥 20th Century Turmoil

🏛️ Post-War Revival

Economic Landscape 💰

📈 Regional Strength

🏭 Key Industries

📊 Trade and Finance

Transportation Network 🚆

🚋 Historic Trams

🚌 Public Transit

✈️ International Gateway

Cultural Mosaic 🎭

🕌⛪🕍 Religious Harmony

🎨 Artistic Heritage

🏆 International Recognition

Climate Profile ☀️

🌡️ Four Seasons

❄️ Winter Sports

☀️ Summer Warmth

📊 Climate Data

Governance ⚖️

🏛️ Administrative Structure

📜 City Governance

🏛️ National Institutions

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

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❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

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References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

Capital City

Geographic Context

Cultural Hub

Geography

Valley Setting

River Miljacka

Olympic Mountains

Historical Significance

Ottoman Foundations

Austro-Hungarian Modernization

20th Century Turmoil

Post-War Revival

Economic Landscape

Regional Strength

Key Industries

Trade and Finance

Transportation Network

Historic Trams

Public Transit

International Gateway

Cultural Mosaic

Religious Harmony

Artistic Heritage

International Recognition

Climate Profile

Four Seasons

Winter Sports

Summer Warmth

Climate Data

Governance

Administrative Structure

City Governance

National Institutions

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice