What is the geographical location of Shelburne, Nova Scotia?

Shelburne is a town situated in the southwestern part of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located at approximately the same latitude as Portland, Maine, in the United States, and lies within the Shelburne County.

What was the original Mi'kmaq name for Shelburne's harbour, and what does it signify?

The Mi'kmaq people referred to Shelburne's large and well-sheltered harbour as Logumkeegan or Sogumkeagum. These names reflect the natural characteristics of the harbor.

When did the first settlers arrive in the Shelburne region, and who were they?

The first settlers arrived in the Shelburne region approximately 13,000 years ago. These early inhabitants were the Mi'kmaq First Nations people, who utilized the area for seasonal encampments along the shores, traveling by canoe along the Roseway River.

What historical context is provided regarding the Mi'kmaq people in Nova Scotia?

The Mi'kmaq territory, known as Mi'kma'ki, was divided into seven districts, each led by a District Chief. The history of Mi'kmaq communities in Nova Scotia includes displacement due to European diseases introduced in the 1500s, occupation of unceded land, and the removal of Indigenous children through the Sixties Scoop and Residential School programs. Today, Indigenous communities continue to reside in Shelburne, with the Acadia First Nation maintaining a sub-office there.

How did European settlers interact with the Indigenous Mi'kmaq routes in Shelburne?

When European settlers arrived in Shelburne, they followed the established Indigenous Mi'kmaq routes for fishing, hunting, and trapping. These routes were vital for early exploration and settlement in the region.

Who were the first European settlers in the Shelburne area, and what was their settlement called?

The first European settlers were French Acadians who established a small fishing settlement known as Port Razoir in the late 17th century. The name 'Port Razoir' was inspired by the harbour's resemblance to an open razor.

What led to the abandonment of the Acadian settlement at Port Razoir?

The Acadian fishing settlement of Port Razoir was abandoned after facing repeated raids from New England colonists during Queen Anne's War in the early 18th century. These raids resulted in Acadians being taken prisoner.

What role did Cyprian Southack play in the Shelburne area's early European history?

In 1715, New England naval commander Cyprian Southack attempted to establish a permanent fishing station at a location he named 'Cape Roseway,' which is now Shelburne. However, his station was raided and burned by the Mi'kmaq in July of the same year.

What happened to the Acadians in the Shelburne region after 1755?

Following the British expulsion of the Acadians in 1755, some Acadian families sought refuge in the Cape Sable region, which includes Shelburne. However, these communities were also exiled between 1756 and 1759, with their homes destroyed and families separated.

What significant group of settlers arrived in Shelburne in 1783, and why did they come?

In 1783, approximately 10,000 Loyalists, including about 1,500 Black Loyalists, arrived in Shelburne Harbour. They were Anglo-American colonists who had supported Britain during the American Revolution and were promised freedom and land in Nova Scotia as compensation for their loyalty.

What challenges did the Black Loyalists face upon their arrival in Shelburne?

Upon arrival, Black Loyalists faced significant challenges. Their promised land grants were delayed, smaller, and in less desirable locations compared to those given to white Loyalists. Many were forced into indentured servitude, and some were even kidnapped and sold back into slavery.

What was the population of Shelburne (then Port Roseway) in 1784, and what industries were developing?

By 1784, the population of Port Roseway (now Shelburne) reached an estimated 10,000 people, making it larger than Halifax or Montreal at the time. Industries began to develop, focusing on cod and whale fishing, as well as lumber and timber trades.

What event marked the first race riot in North America, and where did it occur?

North America's first race riot occurred in Shelburne on July 26, 1784. It was incited by a mob of white Loyalist settlers who attacked the home of a black preacher, fueled by tensions over competition for work and racist prejudices against the Black Loyalists.

When was the first ship built in Shelburne, and what was its significance?

The first ship was built on Shelburne's harbour in 1786. This marked the beginning of shipbuilding as a significant industry in the area, with Commissary Island and Black's Brook becoming active shipyards.

What factors contributed to Shelburne's economic decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

Shelburne's economy declined due to weak agricultural prospects, limited transportation links to the rest of the province, and the departure of many residents. By the 1820s, the population had dwindled to about 300.

What happened to a significant portion of the Black Loyalist population from Birchtown in 1791?

In 1791, at least half of Birchtown's residents agreed to depart for a new British colony in Sierra Leone, West Africa, seeking better opportunities and escaping the discrimination they faced in Nova Scotia.

When was Shelburne officially incorporated as a town?

Shelburne was incorporated as a town on April 4, 1907.

What are some of the historic buildings in Shelburne that date back to the Loyalist era?

Several buildings in Shelburne date back to the Loyalist period. These include the Shelburne County Museum (built in 1787), Christ Church (originally consecrated in 1790), Tottie's Store (thought to be built around 1800), and dwellings at the intersection of Water Street and George Street built in 1783.

What is the current primary industry in Shelburne, and what other economic activities are present?

Fishing remains the primary industry in Shelburne. Other significant economic activities include tourism, aquaculture, fish processing, and the manufacturing of barrels, granite monuments, and marine supplies.

What is the Köppen climate classification for Shelburne, and how does its coastal location influence its climate?

Shelburne has a warm-summer humid continental climate, classified as Dfb under the Köppen climate classification. Its coastal location moderates temperatures, preventing extreme highs and lows, and influences weather patterns with frequent fogs in summer and potential for coastal storms.

Describe the typical winter and summer weather patterns in Shelburne.

Winters in Shelburne are wet and cold, with frequent snow, freezing rain, and rain from mid-December to late March, though snow rarely accumulates for extended periods. Summers are characterized by heavy morning fogs in June and early July, typically followed by clear, warm days until late September.

What types of extreme weather events can affect Shelburne?

Shelburne is susceptible to strong coastal storms known as Nor'easters, which can bring heavy rains, high surf, and damaging winds from mid-autumn through spring. The area can also be affected by hurricanes between August and October.

What was the population of Shelburne according to the 2021 Canadian Census?

According to the 2021 Canadian Census, Shelburne had a population of 1,644 residents living in 794 private dwellings. This represented a decrease of 5.7% from the 2016 population.

What is the population density of Shelburne as of the 2021 Census?

In 2021, Shelburne had a population density of 187.9 people per square kilometer (486.6 per square mile), based on a land area of 8.75 square kilometers.

What environmental hazard was established in Shelburne in 1946, and what community did it impact?

In 1946, the Morvan Road Landfill was established in Shelburne, located in close proximity to the African Nova Scotian community in the south end of town. This landfill accepted various types of waste, including industrial and medical materials.

How has the Morvan Road Landfill been linked to environmental racism?

The placement of the Morvan Road Landfill near the African Nova Scotian community has been cited as an instance of environmental racism. The community faced disproportionate health risks from air pollution caused by decades of burning waste and from potential contamination of their water resources by landfill runoff, compounded by having less political power to address the issue.

What research initiatives have been undertaken regarding environmental hazards in Shelburne?

The Environmental Noxiousness, Racial Inequities & Community Health Project (ENRICH Project) conducted research highlighting that waste dumps are disproportionately located in African Nova Scotian and Mi'kmaq communities across Nova Scotia. In Shelburne, the South End Environmental Injustice Society (SEED), a community initiative, collaborated with ENRICH to investigate health concerns, water quality, and the link between the landfill and increased cancer rates in the African Nova Scotian community.

What actions were taken regarding the Morvan Road Landfill, and what broader impact did they have?

Community efforts, including those by SEED and the ENRICH Project, led to inspections in June 2016, after which the dump was closed to waste outside of community disposal. Further advocacy resulted in the landfill's complete closure in December 2016. These efforts have contributed to broader discussions and the establishment of legislation like Bill C-230 aimed at combating environmental racism in Canada.

In what years has Shelburne served as a filming location for movies and television series?

Shelburne has been a filming location for several productions, including 'Mary Silliman's War' (1992), 'The Scarlet Letter' (1995), 'Virginia's Run,' 'Wilby Wonderful,' portions of the miniseries 'Moby Dick' (2009), 'The Book of Negroes' (2014), and parts of the documentary 'There's Something in the Water' (2019).

What is the name and location of Shelburne's public library?

The public library serving Shelburne is the McKay Memorial Library, located at 17 Glasgow Street. It is part of the Western Counties Regional Library system.

What notable park is located near Shelburne?

The Islands Provincial Park is situated nearby in the Municipality of the District of Shelburne.

What is the official motto of Shelburne?

The official motto of Shelburne is 'Where Canada's history comes alive'.

What is the significance of the Shelburne County Museum?

The Shelburne County Museum is a restored home built in 1787 by David Nairn, a cooper from Scotland. It preserves and displays local history.

What was the role of the Cox family in Shelburne's early development?

The Cox family was involved in shipbuilding in Shelburne, constructing their own vessels and conducting extensive international trade. Cox's Warehouse on Dock Street has been used as a set for film productions.

Who is Donald McKay, and what is his connection to Shelburne?

Donald McKay was a famous shipbuilder in the United States, known for building clippers in Boston. He began his shipbuilding career in Shelburne, born in nearby Jordan Falls before apprenticing in New York at age 16.

What historical event occurred in Shelburne in May 1945 involving the Royal Canadian Navy?

In May 1945, following Germany's surrender, the German submarine U-889 surrendered to the Royal Canadian Navy at Shelburne, Nova Scotia.

What is the current status of shipbuilding in Shelburne?

While shipbuilding is no longer a major employer, visitors can still see traditional construction methods at the J C Williams Dory Shop. Additionally, the Shelburne yard is expected to undertake some work related to a large government shipbuilding contract awarded to Irving Shipbuilding in Halifax.

What is the significance of the 'Book of Negroes' in relation to Shelburne?

The 'Book of Negroes' recorded the names of Black Loyalists who were granted freedom by the British after the American Revolution and sought passage to Nova Scotia. Shelburne was a destination for many of these individuals, and the historic Dock Street was used as a filming location for the miniseries adaptation of 'The Book of Negroes'.

What is the name of the weekly newspaper that serves Shelburne?

The weekly newspaper serving Shelburne is 'The Tri-County Vanguard,' which is published out of Yarmouth.

What were some of the previous local newspapers published in Shelburne?

Previous local newspapers in Shelburne included 'The Coast Guard,' the 'General Advertiser,' the 'Port Roseway Gazetteer and Shelburne Advertiser,' and the 'American Gazette'.

Who was elected mayor of Shelburne in October 2024, and what is his significance?

Stanley 'Tanny' Jacklin was elected mayor of Shelburne on October 19, 2024. He is notable as the town's first mayor of Black descent.

What is the average elevation of Shelburne?

Shelburne has a highest elevation of 6 meters (20 feet) and a lowest elevation of 0 meters (0 feet), indicating it is situated at sea level or very close to it.

What is the land area of Shelburne?

Shelburne has a land area of 8.75 square kilometers (3.38 square miles).

What are the time zone designations for Shelburne?

Shelburne observes UTC-4 during standard time (Atlantic Standard Time - AST) and UTC-3 during daylight saving time (Atlantic Daylight Time - ADT).

What Canadian postal code is associated with Shelburne?

The Canadian postal code associated with Shelburne is B0T 1W0.

What area codes serve Shelburne?

Shelburne is served by area codes 902 and 782.

What provincial highway provides access to Shelburne?

Shelburne is accessible via Nova Scotia Trunk 3.

What is the official website for the Town of Shelburne?

The official website for the Town of Shelburne is www.shelburnens.ca.

What is the historical significance of the name 'Port Razoir'?

Port Razoir was the name given by early French Acadian settlers to a small fishing settlement in the late 17th century. The name was chosen because the harbour's shape resembled an open razor.

What role did New England fishermen play in Shelburne's history?

New England fishermen were familiar with Shelburne as 'Port Roseway' and frequently used its outer harbour for seasonal shelter and repairs. They were also targets of pirate raids in the harbour.

Shelburne Nova Scotia Wiki: Shelburne, Nova Scotia: A Maritime Chronicle of Resilience and Heritage

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A Rich Historical Tapestry

Indigenous Roots

The Shelburne region has been inhabited for approximately 13,000 years, with the Mi'kmaq First Nations utilizing the sheltered harbour, known as Logumkeegan or Sogumkeagum, traveling along the Roseway River. Their territory was part of Mi'kma'ki, divided into seven districts.

Early European Encounters

French Acadians established a fishing settlement named Port Razoir in the late 17th century. Ownership shifted between French and British control, with Acadians facing displacement and exile between 1756 and 1759 due to conflicts and political shifts.

Loyalist Influx

In 1783, following the American Revolution, approximately 5,000 Loyalists, including 1,500 Black Loyalists, arrived from New York. They sought land and compensation from the British Crown. Birchtown, west of Shelburne, became the largest free Black settlement in North America.

Tensions and Conflict

Initial hopes for Shelburne were tempered by land grant disparities and competition for resources. This led to significant tensions, culminating in the Shelburne Riots of July 1784, North America's first recorded race riot, reflecting broader racist prejudices faced by Black Loyalists.

Economic Decline and Resurgence

By 1784, Shelburne's population reached 10,000, fostering industries like fishing and lumber. However, economic challenges and emigration, including the departure of many Black Loyalists to Sierra Leone, led to a population decline to around 300 by the 1820s. The town was eventually incorporated in 1907, with fishing and marine supplies remaining key industries.

A Legacy of Shipbuilding

Foundations of Maritime Trade

Shipbuilding has been a historically vital industry in Shelburne. The first vessel, the Roseway, was launched in 1786. Commissary Island and Black's Brook served as significant shipyards, supporting international trade and fishing fleets.

Notable Figures

Donald McKay, a renowned American clipper ship builder, began his career in Shelburne before apprenticing in New York. Master shipbuilders like Amos Pentz and James Havelock Harding contributed significantly, constructing fishing schooners and the research yacht Blue Dolphin in 1926.

Modern Maritime Activity

While large-scale shipbuilding is less prominent, the J C Williams Dory Shop continues traditional construction methods. The Shelburne shipyard also plays a role in modern contracts, such as those awarded to Irving Shipbuilding, and supports aquaculture operations.

Architectural Heritage

Loyalist Era Structures

Many buildings in Shelburne date back to the Loyalist period. The Shelburne County Museum, a restored 1787 home, and the original Christ Church site (consecrated in 1790) are testaments to this era. Buildings on Water Street and George Street still stand from 1783.

Film Production Hub

Shelburne's historic waterfront, particularly Dock Street, has served as a backdrop for numerous films and television series, including Mary Silliman's War, The Scarlet Letter, The Book of Negroes, and Moby Dick (2011 miniseries), preserving some structures with period paint finishes.

Climate Profile

Temperate Coastal Influence

Shelburne experiences a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), moderated by the Atlantic Ocean. Winters are wet and cold with frequent precipitation, while summers are characterized by morning fogs, especially in June and early July, followed by warm days.

Climate data for Shelburne, NS
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	13.9 (57.0)	14 (57)	18.3 (64.9)	25.6 (78.1)	31.1 (88.0)	34.5 (94.1)	33.3 (91.9)	36.1 (97.0)	27.8 (82.0)	24.5 (76.1)	20.6 (69.1)	15 (59)	36.1 (97.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	0.9 (33.6)	1 (34)	5 (41)	10 (50)	15.4 (59.7)	19.9 (67.8)	23.1 (73.6)	23.1 (73.6)	19.3 (66.7)	14.1 (57.4)	9 (48)	4.1 (39.4)	12.1 (53.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−3.7 (25.3)	−3.5 (25.7)	0.5 (32.9)	5.2 (41.4)	9.9 (49.8)	14.3 (57.7)	17.6 (63.7)	17.6 (63.7)	13.9 (57.0)	9 (48)	4.6 (40.3)	−0.5 (31.1)	7.1 (44.8)
Daily mean minimum °C (°F)	−8.3 (17.1)	−8 (18)	−4 (25)	0.3 (32.5)	4.4 (39.9)	8.7 (47.7)	12.1 (53.8)	12.1 (53.8)	8.4 (47.1)	3.9 (39.0)	0.2 (32.4)	−5 (23)	2.1 (35.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−22.8 (−9.0)	−23.4 (−10.1)	−24 (−11)	−9.4 (15.1)	−4.4 (24.1)	0.5 (32.9)	3.3 (37.9)	2.4 (36.3)	−3.5 (25.7)	−7.8 (18.0)	−14.3 (6.3)	−24.6 (−12.3)	−24.6 (−12.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	151.3 (5.96)	107.3 (4.22)	121.5 (4.78)	123 (4.8)	96.3 (3.79)	102.7 (4.04)	105.6 (4.16)	82.3 (3.24)	101.9 (4.01)	112.5 (4.43)	132.1 (5.20)	156.6 (6.17)	1,393.1 (54.85)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	49.6 (19.5)	31.3 (12.3)	26.5 (10.4)	7.4 (2.9)	0.1 (0.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0.8)	5.6 (2.2)	31.7 (12.5)	154.2 (60.7)
Source: climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca^[10]

Population Dynamics

Historical Population Trends

Shelburne's population has seen significant fluctuations. From an estimated 10,000 in 1784, it declined to 1,445 by 1901. While experiencing growth in the mid-20th century, recent decades show a decline, with the 2021 Census recording 1,644 residents, a 5.7% decrease from 2016.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1784	10,000	—
1901	1,445	−85.5%
1911	1,435	−0.7%
1921	1,360	−5.2%
1931	1,474	+8.4%
1941	1,605	+8.9%
1951	2,040	+27.1%
1956	2,337	+14.6%
1961	2,408	+3.0%
1981	2,303	−4.4%
1986	2,312	+0.4%
1991	2,245	−2.9%
1996	2,132	−5.0%
2001	2,013	−5.6%
2006	1,879	−6.7%
2011	1,686	−10.3%
2016	1,743	+3.4%
2021	1,644	−5.7%
^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]

Population Density

With a land area of 8.75 km², Shelburne had a population density of 187.9/km² in 2021. The town's location within Shelburne County places it in the broader context of southwestern Nova Scotia's demographic landscape.

Environmental Hazards & Equity

The Morvan Road Landfill

Established in 1946 near the African Nova Scotian community, the Morvan Road Landfill accepted various waste types. Decades of burning waste generated significant air pollution, raising health concerns including respiratory issues and potential increases in cancer rates within the surrounding community.

Environmental Racism

The landfill's proximity to minority communities highlights issues of environmental racism, a pattern observed across Nova Scotia. Research by the ENRICH Project and community advocacy through the South End Environmental Injustice Society (SEED) documented disproportionate health impacts and spurred action.

Community Action and Change

Community mobilization led to the closure of the landfill to external waste in June 2016 and its complete closure in December 2016. This effort contributed to broader discussions and legislative initiatives, such as Bill C-230, addressing environmental racism in Canada.

A Cinematic Setting

Filming Location

Shelburne's historic waterfront has been a popular site for film productions. Notable productions include Mary Silliman's War (1992), The Scarlet Letter (1995), Virginia's Run, Wilby Wonderful, and portions of the miniseries Moby Dick (2011). More recently, The Book of Negroes (2014) and the documentary There's Something in the Water (2019) were filmed in the area.

Community Resources

McKay Memorial Library

The McKay Memorial Library, located at 17 Glasgow Street, serves as a significant branch of the Western Counties Regional Library system. It has been a fixture in the community since its establishment in 1970, providing essential public library services.

Natural Spaces

Provincial Park Access

The Islands Provincial Park is situated nearby within the Municipality of the District of Shelburne, offering residents and visitors access to natural recreational spaces.

Notable Individuals

Community Figures

Shelburne has been home to individuals who have made contributions in various fields. Notable figures include Jody Holden, a beach volleyball player, and Gideon White, a politician and military captain.

Further Exploration

References

Source Material

The information presented herein is derived from the comprehensive Wikipedia article on Shelburne, Nova Scotia, and its cited sources.

Authority Control

Identifiers

This section provides links to external databases for standardized identification and cataloging of Shelburne, Nova Scotia.

VIAF
GND
United States Library of Congress
Israel National Library
Yale LUX

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References

"Shelburne", Place Names of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management, p. 618

Geoffery Plank. An Unsettled Conquest. University of Pennsylvania. 2001. p. 76=77; J.S. McLennan. Louisbourg. The Bookroom Limited. 1979. p. 64

Dan Conlin, Pirates of the Atlantic: Robbery, Murder and Mayhem off the Canadian East Coast (2009) Formac Publishing, p. 35-37.

The Americans, novascotia.com. Retrieved March 14, 2011

https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf , Census 1961

Scotia.html, Census 1991â2006

WCRL â McKay Memorial Library. Retrieved August 13, 2010.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Shelburne, Nova Scotia Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional historical research, urban planning, or community development consultation. Always refer to official municipal records and consult with qualified professionals for specific needs.

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Shelburne, Nova Scotia

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

A Rich Historical Tapestry 📜

🗺️ Indigenous Roots

🌊 Early European Encounters

🇺🇸 Loyalist Influx

⚖️ Tensions and Conflict

📉 Economic Decline and Resurgence

A Legacy of Shipbuilding 🚢

⚓ Foundations of Maritime Trade

🌟 Notable Figures

🚢 Modern Maritime Activity

Architectural Heritage 🏠

🏛️ Loyalist Era Structures

🎬 Film Production Hub

Climate Profile ☁️

🌡️ Temperate Coastal Influence

Population Dynamics 👥

📈 Historical Population Trends

📊 Population Density

Environmental Hazards & Equity ⚠️

🏭 The Morvan Road Landfill

⚖️ Environmental Racism

✊ Community Action and Change

A Cinematic Setting 🎥

🎬 Filming Location

Community Resources 📚

📖 McKay Memorial Library

Natural Spaces 🌳

🏞️ Provincial Park Access

Notable Individuals 👤

⭐ Community Figures

Further Exploration 🔗

➡️ Related Topics

References 📚

📜 Source Material

Authority Control 🗂️

🌐 Identifiers

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

A Rich Historical Tapestry

Indigenous Roots

Early European Encounters

Loyalist Influx

Tensions and Conflict

Economic Decline and Resurgence

A Legacy of Shipbuilding

Foundations of Maritime Trade

Notable Figures

Modern Maritime Activity

Architectural Heritage

Loyalist Era Structures

Film Production Hub

Climate Profile

Temperate Coastal Influence

Population Dynamics

Historical Population Trends

Population Density

Environmental Hazards & Equity

The Morvan Road Landfill

Environmental Racism

Community Action and Change

A Cinematic Setting

Filming Location

Community Resources

McKay Memorial Library

Natural Spaces

Provincial Park Access

Notable Individuals

Community Figures

Further Exploration

Related Topics

References

Source Material

Authority Control

Identifiers

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice