What is Shiraz's current population and its rank among Iranian cities?

According to the 2021 census, Shiraz has a population of 1,995,500 people. It is the fifth-most-populous city in Iran, following Tehran, Mashhad, Esfahan, and Karaj.

What historical regions or names are associated with Shiraz?

Shiraz is historically known as Pars and Persis, reflecting its location in the region of Fars province, which has deep historical roots in ancient Persian culture.

Where is Shiraz located geographically within Iran, and what is its climate like?

Shiraz is situated in southwestern Iran, on a seasonal river called the Dry River, at the foot of the Zagros Mountains. The city experiences a moderate climate, classified as semi-arid, with hot summers and cool winters.

What is the earliest known reference to Shiraz, and when was the modern city founded?

The earliest reference to Shiraz appears on Elamite clay tablets dating back to 2000 BCE, where it is named Tirazish. The modern city was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and later restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE.

How did Shiraz become a prominent cultural and political center in medieval times?

Shiraz rose to prominence under the Saffarid and Buyid dynasties in the 9th and 10th-11th centuries, eventually becoming the capital for the Buyid dynasty. In the 13th century, it flourished as a leading center for arts and letters, attracting many scholars and artists.

Which famous Persian poets are associated with Shiraz, and what is the city known for in terms of literature and culture?

Shiraz is renowned as the city of poets, literature, and flowers, and is the birthplace of the celebrated poets Hafez and Saadi. Its cultural significance has earned it the nickname "The Athens of Iran."

What is the significance of Shiraz in the history of the Baháʼí Faith?

Shiraz holds significant importance for the Baháʼí Faith as the birthplace of the Báb, the founder of Bábism and a central figure of the Baháʼí Faith. It was in Shiraz that he first declared his mission in 1844, making the city, particularly the Báb's house, a pilgrimage site.

What historical events impacted Shiraz's population and development during the 18th century?

After a period of decline following the fall of the Safavids, Shiraz suffered from raids and rebellions. It was sacked after a revolt against Nader Shah, leading to damage to its buildings and a significant population drop. Later, Karim Khan Zand made it his capital, restoring prosperity, but the Qajar dynasty later moved the national capital to Tehran, reducing Shiraz's status.

What are some of the major tourist attractions in Shiraz?

Shiraz is a major tourist destination, known for its historical sites such as the tombs of poets Hafez and Saadi, the Arg of Karim Khan citadel, the Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque, and numerous gardens like Eram Garden. Other notable attractions include the Vakil Bazaar and Vakil Bath.

What is the climate of Shiraz like, based on the provided data?

Shiraz has a semi-arid climate with hot summers and cool winters. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter months, and the city experiences a high UV index during summer due to its elevation and sunshine.

What is the earliest known name for the city of Shiraz, and where was this information found?

The earliest known name for Shiraz is Tirazish, which appears on Elamite clay tablets dating back to 2000 BCE. These tablets were discovered during archaeological excavations in the southern part of the city.

How did the Sasanian and early Islamic periods influence the development of Shiraz?

The modern city of Shiraz was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and later restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE. The Arabs sought to establish Shiraz as a rival cultural and administrative center to the Sasanian capital, Istakhr, which had strong ties to Zoroastrianism.

What role did the Buyid dynasty play in Shiraz's history?

The Iranian Buyid dynasty, particularly under 'Adud al-Dawla, made Shiraz their base of power, expanding their rule to include Iraq and the Abbasid Caliphate. During this period, Shiraz developed into a major economic and cultural hub, with significant construction of libraries, hospitals, mosques, and palaces.

What is Shiraz known for in terms of its crafts?

The crafts of Shiraz include intricate inlaid mosaic work with triangular designs, silverware, and the weaving of pile carpets, kilims (called *gilim*), and *jajim* by tribes and villagers.

What major infrastructure projects are underway or have been completed in modern Shiraz?

Modern Shiraz has seen restoration projects for historical landmarks like the Arg of Karim Khan and the Vakil Bath. Additionally, construction projects are ongoing to modernize the city's infrastructure, including the development of a metro system and the renovation of gates and mausoleums.

What is the significance of the "City of Gardens" nickname for Shiraz?

Shiraz is known as the "City of Gardens" due to the numerous gardens and fruit trees found throughout the city, such as the famous Eram Garden. This reflects the importance of gardens in Persian culture and Shiraz's specific contribution to this tradition.

What was the impact of the Suez Canal's opening on Shiraz's economy in the late 19th century?

The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 facilitated the import of inexpensive European goods into southern Iran, affecting Shiraz's economy. Simultaneously, it boosted the export of cash crops like opium, tobacco, and cotton, which passed through Shiraz, leading to the development of international trading networks by local merchants.

What are the main types of transportation infrastructure in Shiraz?

Shiraz is served by Shiraz International Airport, a developing metro system with multiple planned lines, an extensive bus network including Bus Rapid Transit, and is connected to the national railway network via Shiraz railway station. Major national roads also provide access to the city.

Which notable figures from Shiraz are mentioned in the fields of science and academia?

Notable academics and scientists from Shiraz include Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (13th-century scholar), Sibawayh (Arabic linguist), Firouz Naderi (NASA scientist), Gholam A. Peyman (LASIK inventor), Ali Asghar Khodadoust (ophthalmologist), and M. Hashem Pesaran (economist).

What is the historical significance of the Qur'an Gate in Shiraz?

The Qur'an Gate, located near the Allah-o-Akbar Gorge, served as an entrance to Shiraz and was part of the city wall built during the Buyid dynasty. It once housed two hand-written Qur'ans, which have since been moved to the Pars Museum.

What role did Shiraz play during the Safavid Empire?

During the Safavid Empire (1501–1722), Shiraz served as a provincial capital. Governors like Emam Qoli Khan constructed palaces in the city in a style similar to those in the Safavid capital, Isfahan.

What is the significance of the Shiraz Special Economic Zone (SEEZ)?

The Shiraz Special Economic Zone (SEEZ) was established in 2000 with the objective of promoting manufacturing, particularly in the electronics and communications sectors, contributing to the city's economic development and technological advancement.

What is the climate classification of Shiraz according to the Köppen system?

Shiraz's climate is classified as semi-arid, specifically falling under the Köppen climate classification of BSh, bordering on BSk. This classification reflects its hot summers and cool, relatively dry winters.

What historical event led to a significant pogrom in Shiraz in 1910?

In 1910, a pogrom occurred in Shiraz targeting the Jewish quarter. It was incited by false rumors of a ritual murder, resulting in the deaths of 12 Jews, injuries to about 50, and the robbery of all possessions from the city's Jewish population.

What are some of the major universities located in or near Shiraz?

Shiraz hosts several significant higher education institutions, including Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Technology, and the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The older Khan Theological School also continues to operate.

What is the significance of the "Dar al-'Elm" (House of Knowledge) designation for Shiraz?

During the 13th century, Shiraz became a prominent center for arts and sciences, attracting numerous scholars and artists. This cultural flourishing led to its designation as "Dar al-'Elm," meaning "The House of Knowledge," reflecting its intellectual importance.

What impact did the Pahlavi dynasty have on Shiraz's cultural landscape?

During the Pahlavi dynasty, significant efforts were made to enhance Shiraz's cultural heritage. Notable landmarks, such as the tombs of the poets Sa'di and Hafiz, were constructed and presented to the public, highlighting the city's literary legacy.

What is the geographical context of Shiraz in relation to mountains and water bodies?

Shiraz is situated in a plain at the foot of the Zagros Mountains. A seasonal river, known as the Dry River, flows through the northern part of the city and eventually empties into Maharloo Lake.

What are the key characteristics of Shiraz's climate regarding temperature and precipitation?

Shiraz has a semi-arid climate with distinct seasons. The highest recorded temperature was 43.4°C (110.1°F) in July 2022, while the lowest recorded temperature was -14.0°C (6.8°F) in January 1973, indicating significant temperature variations throughout the year.

What role did Shiraz play as a capital city in Iranian history?

Shiraz served as the capital of Iran (Persia) during the Zand dynasty from 1750 to 1794. It was also the capital of the Saffarid and Buyid dynasties, making it a significant political center in medieval Iran.

What are some of the notable landmarks related to tourism in Shiraz?

Key tourist attractions in Shiraz include the Qur'an Gate, the tombs of Hafez and Saadi, the Eram Garden, the Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque, the Arg of Karim Khan, and the Vakil Bazaar complex. These sites showcase the city's rich history and cultural heritage.

What is the significance of Shiraz in the context of electronic industries in Iran?

Shiraz is a major hub for Iran's electronic industries, with 53% of the country's electronic investment reportedly concentrated in the city. This makes it a significant player in the national technological sector.

What is the significance of the "City of Gardens" nickname for Shiraz?

Shiraz is known as the "City of Gardens" due to the presence of numerous beautiful gardens, such as Eram Garden, which are integral to Persian culture. While these gardens contribute to the city's charm, some face threats from urban development.

What are the primary industries contributing to Shiraz's economy?

Shiraz's economy is supported by industries such as cement production, sugar manufacturing, fertilizers, textiles, wood products, metalwork, and rug production. The city also benefits from its role as a center for electronic industries and hosts a major oil refinery.

What historical event is linked to the destruction of the Báb's house in Shiraz?

The house in Shiraz where the Báb declared his mission was destroyed in 1979. This act occurred within a context of persecution against the Baháʼí Faith in Iran, and the site was later converted into a public square.

What is the significance of Shiraz's location relative to the Zagros Mountains?

Shiraz is situated in a plain at the foot of the Zagros Mountains. This geographical setting influences its climate and landscape, placing it within a region known for its natural beauty and historical significance.

What is the historical context of Shiraz's population changes?

Shiraz's population has fluctuated significantly throughout history. From several hundred thousand in the 11th century, it dropped to 55,000 by the mid-18th century after periods of conflict, but has since grown considerably, reaching over 1.5 million by 2016.

What are the key characteristics of Shiraz's climate data, such as average temperatures and rainfall?

Shiraz has a semi-arid climate with average January lows below freezing and average July highs around 38.7°C. It receives about 320 mm of rainfall annually, mostly in winter, and has a significant number of sunny days, contributing to a high UV index in summer.

What is the significance of Shiraz's designation as "Dar al-'Elm"?

During the 13th century, Shiraz became a prominent center for arts and sciences, attracting numerous scholars and artists. This cultural flourishing led to its designation as "Dar al-'Elm," meaning "The House of Knowledge," reflecting its intellectual importance.

What historical events contributed to Shiraz's population decline in the 18th century?

Following the fall of the Safavid dynasty, Shiraz experienced a period of decline due to raids by Afghans and a revolt against Nader Shah, which led to the city being sacked. Nader Shah's murder in 1747 further exacerbated the damage to the city and its population.

What is the significance of the city's name origin, according to historical interpretations?

The name Shiraz is believed to derive from the Elamite name "Shirrazish," possibly referring to a settlement at Qasr-e-Abu Nasr. Some native writers also suggest a derivation from a son of the mythical king Tahmuras.

What role did Shiraz play as a capital city in Iranian history?

Shiraz served as the capital of Iran (Persia) during the Zand dynasty from 1750 to 1794. It was also the capital of the Saffarid and Buyid dynasties, making it a significant political center in medieval Iran.

What are the key characteristics of Shiraz's climate, particularly concerning temperature extremes?

Shiraz has a semi-arid climate with distinct seasons. The highest recorded temperature was 43.4°C (110.1°F) in July 2022, while the lowest recorded temperature was -14.0°C (6.8°F) in January 1973, indicating significant temperature variations throughout the year.

What is the significance of Shiraz as a shopping destination?

Shiraz is a major shopping hub in Iran and the Middle East, featuring over 25 malls and 10 traditional bazaars. Notably, the Persian Gulf Complex in Shiraz is recognized as the world's largest mall in terms of the number of shops.

What are the main types of architectural elements found in traditional Shiraz?

Traditional architecture in Shiraz, reflecting broader Persian styles, includes elements like *ab anbars* (water reservoirs), *iwan* (vaulted spaces), *windcatchers* for ventilation, *shabestans* (underground prayer halls), and traditional Persian gardens (*hayat*).

What historical events contributed to Shiraz's population decline in the 18th century?

Following the fall of the Safavid dynasty, Shiraz experienced a period of decline due to raids by Afghans and a revolt against Nader Shah, which led to the city being sacked. Nader Shah's murder in 1747 further exacerbated the damage to the city and its population.

What is the significance of the city's name origin, according to historical interpretations?

The name Shiraz is believed to derive from the Elamite name "Shirrazish," possibly referring to a settlement at Qasr-e-Abu Nasr. Some native writers also suggest a derivation from a son of the mythical king Tahmuras.

What role did Shiraz play as a capital city in Iranian history?

Shiraz served as the capital of Iran (Persia) during the Zand dynasty from 1750 to 1794. It was also the capital of the Saffarid and Buyid dynasties, making it a significant political center in medieval Iran.

What are the key characteristics of Shiraz's climate data, such as average temperatures and rainfall?

Shiraz has a semi-arid climate with average January lows below freezing and average July highs around 38.7°C. It receives about 320 mm of rainfall annually, mostly in winter, and has a significant number of sunny days, contributing to a high UV index in summer.

What is the significance of Shiraz's designation as "Dar al-'Elm"?

During the 13th century, Shiraz became a prominent center for arts and sciences, attracting numerous scholars and artists. This cultural flourishing led to its designation as "Dar al-'Elm," meaning "The House of Knowledge," reflecting its intellectual importance.

Shiraz Wiki: Shiraz: An Academic Exploration of the City of Poets and Gardens

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Shiraz: An Introduction

Geographic Context

Shiraz, the capital of Fars province in southwestern Iran, is situated in a verdant plain at the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. Its elevation of approximately 1,500 meters (4,900 feet) contributes to its moderate climate. The city lies along the seasonal Rudkhaneye Khoshk river, which flows into Maharloo Lake.

Historical Significance

With roots tracing back to ancient Elamite clay tablets from 2000 BCE, Shiraz rose to prominence during the early Islamic period. It served as a crucial administrative and cultural center under various dynasties, including the Buyids, who established it as a major hub of the caliphate. Its historical importance is underscored by its designation as "Dar al-'Elm" (House of Knowledge) in the 13th century.

Cultural Identity

Shiraz is celebrated as the city of poets, literature, and gardens. It is the birthplace of renowned Persian poets such as Hafez and Saadi, whose legacies are deeply embedded in the city's identity. The numerous gardens, including the UNESCO World Heritage site Eram Garden, contribute to its reputation as the "City of Gardens."

A Tapestry of History

Ancient Origins

Evidence suggests settlement at the Shiraz site dates back to at least the 6th century BCE, with Achaemenid and Sasanian era remains found in the vicinity. The modern city was established or restored in 693 CE, intended by Umayyad rulers to rival Istakhr, the Sasanian capital. Initially a provincial backwater, it grew as Islamic influence spread.

Dynastic Centers

Shiraz flourished as the capital of the Saffarid dynasty in the late 9th century and later became the most prosperous city of the Buyid dynasty in the 10th and 11th centuries. Under the Buyids, it was a significant economic and cultural center, boasting libraries, hospitals, and architectural marvels. The city was spared destruction by the Mongols and Tamerlane due to submission.

Golden Age of Arts

During the 13th century, Shiraz emerged as a preeminent center for arts and letters, attracting scholars and artists. This era cemented its reputation as "Dar al-'Elm." Later, under the Safavids, it maintained its status as a provincial capital, with significant construction projects mirroring those in Isfahan. The city experienced periods of decline and resurgence, notably under Karim Khan Zand, who made it his capital in the 18th century.

Demographic Profile

Ethnic and Religious Composition

The majority of Shiraz's population comprises ethnic Persians. The city historically hosted significant Jewish and Christian communities, though many emigrated in the latter half of the 20th century. Shiraz also has a notable Baháʼí Faith population, the largest in Iran outside of Tehran. The population is predominantly Muslim.

Population Trends

Shiraz is Iran's fifth-most-populous city. Its population has seen consistent growth, reaching approximately 1.56 million inhabitants in the 2016 census, with its metropolitan area estimated at 1.8 million. Recent estimates suggest further growth, indicating its continued importance as a major urban center.

Geographical Landscape

Topography and Hydrology

Nestled in a plain bordered by the Zagros Mountains, Shiraz benefits from its elevated position at 1,500 meters. The city is traversed by the seasonal Rudkhaneye Khoshk river, contributing to the region's water system, which includes the nearby Maharloo Lake. Historically, the area was known for its oak forests.

The Significance of Gardens

Gardens are integral to Shiraz's cultural identity and urban landscape. Famous gardens such as Eram Garden and Afif Abad Garden are significant attractions. While measures are in place for preservation, urban development poses challenges to these vital green spaces.

Climatic Conditions

Climate Classification

Shiraz experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh, bordering BSk), characterized by hot summers and cool winters. Average annual rainfall is around 320 mm, primarily concentrated in the winter months. The city's high elevation and latitude result in intense solar radiation during summer.

Meteorological Data

Temperatures can reach extremes, with record highs around 43.5°C and lows near -14.0°C. Precipitation varies significantly year to year, with occasional heavy rainfall events, including flash floods. Relative humidity is lowest in summer and highest in winter.

Month	Record High °C (°F)		Mean Daily Max °C (°F)		Mean Daily °C (°F)		Mean Daily Min °C (°F)		Record Low °C (°F)		Avg. Precip. mm (in)		Avg. Precip. Days (≥1.0 mm)	Avg. Snowy Days	Avg. Rel. Humidity (%)	Avg. Dew Point °C (°F)	Avg. Sunshine Hours
Month	High	Low	High	Low	High	Low	High	Low	High	Low	High	Low	Avg. Precip. Days (≥1.0 mm)	Avg. Snowy Days	Avg. Rel. Humidity (%)	Avg. Dew Point °C (°F)	Avg. Sunshine Hours
Jan	23.4 (74.1)	-0.2 (31.6)	12.9 (55.2)	6.1 (43.0)	-0.2 (31.6)	-14.0 (-6.8)	79.0 (3.11)	9.5	1.5	59	-2.1 (28.2)	218
Feb	25.6 (78.1)	1.9 (35.4)	15.6 (60.1)	8.7 (47.7)	1.9 (35.4)	-8.1 (17.4)	53.6 (2.11)	9.2	0.6	52	-1.7 (28.9)	214
Mar	30.8 (87.4)	4.9 (40.8)	19.6 (67.3)	12.4 (54.3)	4.9 (40.8)	-4.3 (24.3)	52.0 (2.05)	9.2	0.0	46	-0.2 (31.6)	248
Apr	34.0 (93.2)	9.3 (48.7)	25.0 (77.0)	17.5 (63.5)	9.3 (48.7)	-2.0 (28.4)	26.0 (1.02)	3.3	0.0	41	2.5 (36.5)	260
May	39.6 (103.3)	14.0 (57.2)	31.3 (88.3)	23.6 (74.5)	14.0 (57.2)	3.0 (37.4)	5.8 (0.23)	1.3	0.0	28	2.2 (36.0)	327
Jun	42.8 (109.0)	17.8 (64.0)	36.7 (98.1)	28.6 (83.5)	17.8 (64.0)	8.1 (46.6)	0.2 (0.01)	0.1	0.0	20	1.7 (35.1)	353
Jul	43.5 (110.3)	20.6 (69.1)	38.7 (101.7)	30.8 (87.4)	20.6 (69.1)	14.0 (57.2)	0.4 (0.02)	0.2	0.0	21	4.9 (40.8)	340
Aug	42.8 (109.0)	19.4 (66.9)	37.7 (99.9)	29.5 (85.1)	19.4 (66.9)	12.0 (53.6)	1.4 (0.06)	0.2	0.0	23	4.7 (40.5)	339
Sep	39.2 (102.6)	15.1 (59.2)	34.3 (93.7)	25.5 (77.9)	15.1 (59.2)	1.0 (33.8)	0.0 (0.00)	0.0	0.0	25	2.4 (36.3)	310
Oct	35.0 (95.0)	10.0 (50.0)	28.4 (83.1)	19.6 (67.3)	10.0 (50.0)	1.6 (34.9)	4.0 (0.16)	0.8	0.0	32	0.9 (33.6)	295
Nov	28.6 (83.5)	4.6 (40.3)	20.3 (68.5)	12.3 (54.1)	4.6 (40.3)	1.6 (34.9)	37.8 (1.49)	3.3	0.0	49	0.4 (32.7)	233
Dec	24.2 (75.6)	1.1 (34.0)	15.3 (59.5)	7.8 (46.0)	1.1 (34.0)	-0.2 (31.6)	64.1 (2.52)	4.7	0.6	58	-0.8 (30.6)	226
Year	43.5 (110.3)	-14.0 (6.8)	26.3 (79.4)	18.5 (65.4)	9.9 (49.8)	1.2 (34.2)	324.3 (12.78)	30.7	2.7	38	1.2 (34.2)	3363

Economic Landscape

Industrial Base

Shiraz serves as the economic nucleus of southern Iran. Its economy is driven by provincial agricultural products like grapes, citrus fruits, cotton, and rice. Key industries include cement production, sugar refining, fertilizers, textiles, wood products, metalwork, and rug manufacturing. The city also hosts a major oil refinery and is a significant center for Iran's electronics industry.

Commerce and Trade

The city is a prominent commercial hub, boasting numerous shopping malls and traditional bazaars. The Shiraz Special Economic Zone (SEEZ), established in 2000, aims to bolster manufacturing in the electronics and communications sectors. Shiraz is also recognized as a major shopping destination within the Middle East.

Cultural Heritage

City of Poets

Shiraz is intrinsically linked to Persian poetry and literature, being the birthplace of iconic poets such as Hafez and Saadi. Their tombs are significant cultural landmarks. The city's intellectual heritage earned it the moniker "The Athens of Iran," reflecting its historical role as a center for learning and arts.

Gardens and Aesthetics

The Persian garden tradition is vividly represented in Shiraz. Numerous historical gardens, characterized by their intricate designs and diverse flora, contribute to the city's aesthetic appeal and cultural narrative. These gardens are not merely decorative but are integral to the Persian concept of paradise.

Artistic Traditions

Beyond poetry, Shiraz is known for its traditional crafts, including inlaid mosaic work, silverware, and carpet weaving. The city's cultural vibrancy extends to its historical mosques, such as the Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque, celebrated for its stunning architectural and artistic details.

Key Tourist Destinations

Architectural Marvels

Shiraz boasts numerous historical and architectural sites. Key attractions include the Karim Khan Citadel, the Vakil Bazaar and Bath complex, and the Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque, renowned for its intricate tilework and stained glass. The Quran Gate, a historic city entrance, is also a notable landmark.

Gardens and Mausolea

The city's famed gardens, such as Eram Garden, Delgosha Garden, and Afif-Abad Garden, offer tranquil escapes. The mausolea of poets Hafez and Saadi are significant pilgrimage sites, drawing visitors interested in Persian literature and history. The Shah Cheragh shrine is another important religious and cultural site.

Surrounding Natural Attractions

Beyond the city limits, the Fars province offers natural beauty. Margoon Waterfall, Shapur Cave, and the seasonal Maharloo Lake are accessible destinations that showcase the region's diverse landscapes, attracting nature enthusiasts and adventurers.

Higher Education Hub

Academic Institutions

Shiraz is a significant center for higher education in Iran. Shiraz University, founded in 1946, is one of the country's leading universities. Other prominent institutions include Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Technology, and the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, contributing to a vibrant academic environment.

Historical Learning Centers

The city's educational legacy is ancient, exemplified by the Madrasa-e-Khan (Khan Theological School), dating back to 1627. This historical institution, with its distinctive architecture, reflects Shiraz's long-standing tradition as a center of knowledge and religious scholarship.

Transportation Network

Air Connectivity

Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport serves as the primary gateway, functioning as the largest airport in southern Iran. It facilitates domestic and international travel, connecting Shiraz to various global destinations.

Urban Transit

The Shiraz Metro system is an ongoing development project aimed at enhancing urban mobility. With plans for multiple lines, it seeks to provide efficient public transportation within the city. Additionally, Shiraz operates an extensive bus network, including a Bus Rapid Transit system.

Rail and Road Links

Shiraz is integrated into Iran's national railway network via its large railway station. The city is also a crucial node in the national road network, connected by major highways and roads, facilitating the movement of goods and people throughout the country.

Sporting Venues

Major Stadiums

Shiraz hosts significant sporting facilities, including Hafezieh Stadium, with a capacity of 20,000 spectators, and the modern Pars Stadium, completed in 2017, which can accommodate up to 50,000 attendees. These venues support various athletic events and competitions.

Notable Athletes

The city has produced notable athletes, including Omid Norouzi, a 2012 Olympic gold medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling, highlighting Shiraz's contribution to national and international sports achievements.

Notable Figures

Literary Luminaries

Shiraz is celebrated as the birthplace of the esteemed Persian poets Hafez and Saadi. Their profound contributions to literature and philosophy have cemented their place in global literary history, with their tombs serving as cultural pilgrimage sites within the city.

Scientific Minds

The city has also been home to influential scientists, such as Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, a 13th-century polymath noted for his work in astronomy, mathematics, and physics, who explored the possibility of heliocentrism.

Historical Leaders

Key historical figures associated with Shiraz include Karim Khan Zand, the 18th-century ruler who established Shiraz as his capital, contributing significantly to its architectural development. The city also holds religious significance as the birthplace of the Báb, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Shiraz" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about shiraz while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

duncan grant

apocalypse of paul

qatar diplomatic crisis

villanova ballpark at plymouth

barry levinson

nasal vowel

tuttle publishing

nascar xfinity series at homestead–miami

snorri sturluson

2004 atp tour

References

The village was annexed in 2020[62]

Persian Language & Literature: Saadi Shirazi, Sheikh Mosleh al-Din. Iran Chamber Society.

Rizvi, Sajjad (2002), Reconsidering the life of Mulla Sadra Shirazi, Pembroke College, pp. 181

Iran to open 830m Fars Shopping Centre, Construction Weekly Online

A. Baker and L. Chapter (2002), "Part 4: The Sciences". In M. M. Sharif, "A History of Muslim Philosophy", Philosophia Islamica.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Shiraz Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice

This content has been generated by an AI model and is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is based on data derived from publicly available sources, which may not always be exhaustive or entirely up-to-date. The information presented here is synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview suitable for advanced academic study.

This is not a substitute for professional consultation. The material provided does not constitute professional advice related to history, culture, geography, or any other field. Readers are encouraged to consult primary sources and expert opinions for in-depth understanding and specific applications.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any inaccuracies, omissions, or actions taken based on the information presented herein.

Shiraz: Jewel of Persia

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Shiraz: An Introduction ℹ️

📍 Geographic Context

⏳ Historical Significance

🌟 Cultural Identity

A Tapestry of History 📜

🏛️ Ancient Origins

👑 Dynastic Centers

🎨 Golden Age of Arts

Demographic Profile 👥

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Ethnic and Religious Composition

📈 Population Trends

Geographical Landscape 🌍

🏞️ Topography and Hydrology

🌳 The Significance of Gardens

Climatic Conditions ☀️

🌡️ Climate Classification

📊 Meteorological Data

Economic Landscape 💰

🏭 Industrial Base

🛍️ Commerce and Trade

Cultural Heritage 🎭

✍️ City of Poets

🌸 Gardens and Aesthetics

🎶 Artistic Traditions

Key Tourist Destinations 🗺️

🕌 Architectural Marvels

🌳 Gardens and Mausolea

🏞️ Surrounding Natural Attractions

Higher Education Hub 🎓

🏫 Academic Institutions

📚 Historical Learning Centers

Transportation Network ✈️

✈️ Air Connectivity

🚇 Urban Transit

🚆 Rail and Road Links

Sporting Venues ⚽

🏟️ Major Stadiums

🏅 Notable Athletes

Notable Figures 👤

📜 Literary Luminaries

🔬 Scientific Minds

🏛️ Historical Leaders

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Academic Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Shiraz: An Introduction

Geographic Context

Historical Significance

Cultural Identity

A Tapestry of History

Ancient Origins

Dynastic Centers

Golden Age of Arts

Demographic Profile

Ethnic and Religious Composition

Population Trends

Geographical Landscape

Topography and Hydrology

The Significance of Gardens

Climatic Conditions

Climate Classification

Meteorological Data

Economic Landscape

Industrial Base

Commerce and Trade

Cultural Heritage

City of Poets

Gardens and Aesthetics

Artistic Traditions

Key Tourist Destinations

Architectural Marvels

Gardens and Mausolea

Surrounding Natural Attractions

Higher Education Hub

Academic Institutions

Historical Learning Centers

Transportation Network

Air Connectivity

Urban Transit

Rail and Road Links

Sporting Venues

Major Stadiums

Notable Athletes

Notable Figures

Literary Luminaries

Scientific Minds

Historical Leaders

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice