Who was Thomas A. Hendricks and what were his most prominent political roles?

Thomas Andrews Hendricks was an American politician and lawyer from Indiana. He served as the 16th Governor of Indiana from 1873 to 1877 and as the 21st Vice President of the United States from March until his death in November 1885. He also represented Indiana in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1851 to 1855 and in the U.S. Senate from 1863 to 1869.

When and where was Thomas A. Hendricks born, and where did his family settle?

Thomas Andrews Hendricks was born on September 7, 1819, in Fultonham, Ohio. His family moved to Indiana in 1820, settling near Madison, and then moved to Shelby County, Indiana, in 1822.

What was Hendricks's educational background?

Hendricks attended local schools, including the Shelby County Seminary and Greensburg Academy. He graduated from Hanover College in Hanover, Indiana, in 1841. Following his college education, he studied law with Judge Stephen Major in Shelbyville and also took an eight-month law course at a school in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

When did Hendricks begin his legal career and where did he practice?

Hendricks was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1843 and began his private law practice in Shelbyville, Indiana. He later moved his practice to Indianapolis in 1860.

What significant law firm did Hendricks help establish?

In 1862, Hendricks established a private law practice with Oscar B. Hord in Indianapolis. This firm eventually evolved into Baker & Daniels, which became one of Indiana's leading law firms.

What political offices did Thomas A. Hendricks hold prior to becoming Governor of Indiana?

Before serving as Governor of Indiana, Hendricks held several significant political positions. He was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives (1848-1850), represented Indiana in the U.S. House of Representatives (1851-1855), served as Commissioner of the U.S. General Land Office (1855-1859), and represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-1869).

How many times did Hendricks run for Governor of Indiana, and when was he successful?

Hendricks ran for Governor of Indiana three times. He was unsuccessful in his bids in 1860 and 1868 but won on his third attempt in 1872, becoming the first Democrat to win the governorship after the Civil War.

What were some of the challenges faced during Hendricks's term as Governor of Indiana?

Hendricks's term as governor (1873-1877) was marked by significant challenges. These included a strong Republican majority in the Indiana General Assembly, the economic downturn following the Panic of 1873, and a general economic depression that led to high unemployment and falling farm prices.

What was one of Hendricks's lasting legacies as Governor of Indiana?

A notable legacy from Hendricks's time as governor was initiating discussions and laying the groundwork for the construction of the present-day Indiana Statehouse. Although completed after his term, the cornerstone was laid in 1880, and a memorial to him was later installed on its grounds.

What were Hendricks's stances on key constitutional amendments and Reconstruction policies?

Hendricks, a fiscal conservative and lifelong Democrat, voted against the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. He also opposed Radical Reconstruction, arguing that Southern states had never left the Union and that Congress should not interfere with state governments. He also opposed the impeachment and removal of President Andrew Johnson.

What were Hendricks's views on racial equality?

The provided text indicates that Hendricks did not believe in racial equality. He expressed views suggesting that the Black race could not elevate itself independently and that its current elevation was due to contact with the white race.

In which presidential elections did Thomas A. Hendricks serve as a vice-presidential nominee?

Thomas A. Hendricks was the Democratic Party's nominee for vice president in the 1876 presidential election, running alongside Samuel Tilden. He was again nominated in the 1884 presidential election, this time running with Grover Cleveland.

How did the 1876 presidential election, in which Hendricks was a candidate, conclude?

In the 1876 presidential election, the Democratic ticket of Tilden and Hendricks won the popular vote but narrowly lost the Electoral College by one vote to the Republican candidates, Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler. The outcome was decided by an Electoral Commission in a highly contested and partisan vote.

What was the outcome of the 1884 presidential election in which Hendricks ran as Vice President?

In the 1884 presidential election, the Democratic ticket of Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks won the election. Their strategy focused on winning New York, Indiana, and the electoral votes of the Solid South.

How long did Hendricks serve as Vice President, and what was his relationship with President Cleveland?

Hendricks served as Vice President for approximately eight months, from March 4, 1885, until his death on November 25, 1885. He maintained a strong working relationship with President Cleveland, whom he described as 'courteous and affable'.

When and how did Thomas A. Hendricks die?

Thomas A. Hendricks died unexpectedly on November 25, 1885, in Indianapolis, at the age of 66. The cause of death was a heart attack; he had complained of feeling ill the previous day and died in his sleep.

Where is Thomas A. Hendricks buried?

Thomas A. Hendricks is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Indiana.

What is unique about Thomas A. Hendricks's appearance on U.S. paper currency?

Thomas A. Hendricks is unique as the only Vice President who did not become President to have his portrait featured on U.S. paper currency. His engraved portrait appears on a $10 Series 1908 silver certificate, nicknamed the 'tombstone' certificate due to the border around his image.

What historical recognition has the Bates-Hendricks House received?

The Bates-Hendricks House, where Thomas and Eliza Hendricks resided from 1865 to 1872, has been added to the National Register of Historic Places. It was listed on April 11, 1977.

What tribute did Eliza Hendricks provide to her late husband at Hanover College?

Hendricks's widow, Eliza, provided funding for the construction of the Thomas A. Hendricks Library (also known as Hendricks Hall) at Hanover College. This library, overlooking the Ohio River, was built in 1903 as a tribute to her husband, who was an alumnus of the college.

What is notable about the Thomas A. Hendricks Monument?

The Thomas A. Hendricks Monument, installed in 1890 on the southeast corner of the Indiana Statehouse grounds, is recognized as the tallest bronze statue on the statehouse grounds, standing at 11 feet (3.4 meters).

What political party did Thomas A. Hendricks belong to?

Thomas A. Hendricks belonged to the Democratic Party.

What was Hendricks's general political philosophy regarding finances?

Hendricks was known as a fiscal conservative.

What role did Hendricks's uncle play in his early life and political influence?

Thomas Hendricks's uncle, William Hendricks, was a successful politician who served as a U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and the third Governor of Indiana. William Hendricks's influence and the frequent visits of Democratic Party leaders to the Hendricks home in Shelbyville from an early age helped shape Thomas's path into politics.

What was Hendricks's stance on the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

Hendricks supported the principle of popular sovereignty and voted in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This act expanded slavery into western territories, and his support for it contributed to his defeat in his 1854 re-election bid to Congress.

What was the nature of Hendricks's opposition to Radical Reconstruction?

Hendricks argued that the Southern states had never legally seceded from the Union and therefore retained their rights to representation in Congress. He also maintained that Congress lacked the authority to dictate the internal affairs of state governments, which was a core tenet of his opposition to Radical Reconstruction.

What was Hendricks's view on the Union and wartime appropriations during the Civil War?

Despite his opposition to certain wartime measures like the military draft and the issuance of greenbacks, Hendricks supported the Union and the prosecution of the Civil War. He consistently voted in favor of wartime appropriations.

What was the outcome of the 1868 Indiana gubernatorial election regarding Hendricks?

In 1868, Hendricks ran for Governor of Indiana for the second time but lost to the incumbent, Conrad Baker, by a narrow margin of 961 votes.

What happened to Hendricks's U.S. Senate term in 1869?

Hendricks's term as a U.S. Senator representing Indiana expired in March 1869. Following his defeat in his second gubernatorial race that same year, he lost re-election to a second Senate term, being succeeded by Daniel D. Pratt.

What was the significance of Indiana's electoral votes in national elections during Hendricks's era?

Indiana's electoral votes were considered critical for winning national elections between 1868 and 1920. Hendricks was one of four Vice Presidential candidates from Indiana elected during this period, highlighting the state's pivotal role.

What controversial speech did Hendricks deliver during his Vice Presidency?

During his brief tenure as Vice President, on September 8, 1885, Hendricks delivered a controversial speech in Indianapolis in support of Irish independence.

What were Hendricks's reported last words?

According to the text, Hendricks's reported last words were 'Free at last!'

What was the size of Hendricks's funeral cortege?

Thomas A. Hendricks's funeral cortege was notably long, measuring 1.2 miles as it traveled through Indianapolis to Crown Hill Cemetery.

How was Hendricks remembered by his political contemporaries?

Hendricks was remembered as a popular member of the Democratic Party who maintained good terms with both Democrats and Republicans. He was characterized as a fiscal conservative, a powerful orator, and a man known for his honesty and firm convictions.

What was the name of the town and lake named in honor of Thomas A. Hendricks?

The community of Hendricks in Minnesota and the adjacent lake were named in honor of Thomas A. Hendricks.

What was the outcome of the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election?

In the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election, Thomas A. Hendricks narrowly defeated General Thomas M. Browne, securing 189,242 votes compared to Browne's 188,276 votes.

What was the political affiliation of the candidates in the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election?

In the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election, Thomas A. Hendricks represented the Democratic Party, while his opponent, Thomas M. Browne, represented the Republican Party.

What was the margin of victory for Thomas A. Hendricks in the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election?

Thomas A. Hendricks won the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election by a margin of 1,148 votes.

What was the political affiliation of Hendricks's running mate in the 1876 presidential election?

In the 1876 presidential election, Hendricks's running mate was Samuel Tilden, who was the Democratic Party's presidential nominee.

What was the political affiliation of Hendricks's running mate in the 1884 presidential election?

In the 1884 presidential election, Hendricks's running mate was Grover Cleveland, who was the Democratic Party's presidential nominee.

What was the nickname of the $10 silver certificate featuring Hendricks's portrait?

The $10 silver certificate featuring Hendricks's portrait was nicknamed the 'tombstone' certificate, a name derived from the tombstone-shaped border surrounding his image.

When was the Bates-Hendricks House added to the National Register of Historic Places?

The Bates-Hendricks House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1977.

When was the Thomas A. Hendricks Library added to the National Register of Historic Places?

The Thomas A. Hendricks Library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 26, 1982.

What is the height of the Thomas A. Hendricks Monument?

The Thomas A. Hendricks Monument stands at 11 feet (3.4 meters) tall.

What was the political party of Hendricks's opponent in the 1860 Indiana gubernatorial election?

In the 1860 Indiana gubernatorial election, Hendricks's opponent was Henry S. Lane, who represented the Republican Party.

What was the political party of Hendricks's opponent in the 1868 Indiana gubernatorial election?

In the 1868 Indiana gubernatorial election, Hendricks's opponent was Conrad Baker, who represented the Republican Party.

What was the political party of Hendricks's opponent in the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election?

In the 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election, Hendricks's opponent was Thomas M. Browne, who represented the Republican Party.

What was the political party of Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler in the 1876 election?

Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler, the Republican candidates in the 1876 presidential election, belonged to the Republican Party.

What was the political party of Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks in the 1884 election?

Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks, the Democratic candidates in the 1884 presidential election, belonged to the Democratic Party.

What was the political party of James G. Blaine and John A. Logan in the 1884 election?

James G. Blaine and John A. Logan, the Republican candidates in the 1884 presidential election, belonged to the Republican Party.

Thomas A. Hendricks Wiki: Hendricks: A Political Journey Through 19th Century America

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A Statesman's Profile

National Recognition

Thomas Andrews Hendricks (1819–1885) was a prominent figure in American politics, culminating his career as the 21st Vice President of the United States under President Grover Cleveland. His tenure was brief, lasting only from March 1885 until his death later that year.

Indiana Roots

Born in Ohio, Hendricks moved to Indiana in his youth and established deep roots in the state. He served Indiana extensively, including as its 16th Governor (1873–1877), a U.S. Senator (1863–1869), and a U.S. Representative (1851–1855). His political journey began in the state legislature.

Legal and Fiscal Acumen

A trained lawyer, Hendricks practiced law throughout his political career. He was known as a fiscal conservative within the Democratic Party, advocating for responsible government spending. His legal background informed his approach to governance and policy-making.

Foundations and Formation

Early Years

Born September 7, 1819, in Fultonham, Ohio, Thomas Andrews Hendricks relocated with his family to Indiana in 1820. The family settled in Shelby County, where his father, John Hendricks, was an influential farmer and store owner, fostering young Thomas's early exposure to public life and Democratic Party circles.

Education and Profession

Hendricks received his higher education at Hanover College, graduating in 1841. He subsequently pursued legal studies in Shelbyville, Indiana, and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, gaining admission to the Indiana bar in 1843. He established a successful law practice, which he maintained alongside his burgeoning political career.

Family Life

In 1845, Hendricks married Eliza Carol Morgan. Their only child, a son named Morgan, was born in 1848 but tragically died at the age of three in 1851. This personal loss underscored the private life of a public figure deeply involved in the nation's development.

Ascent Through Public Service

Legislative Beginnings

Hendricks commenced his political career in 1848, serving a term in the Indiana House of Representatives. He was also a delegate to the 1850 Indiana constitutional convention, contributing to the state's foundational legal document. His early career demonstrated a commitment to public service at the state level.

National Representation

From 1851 to 1855, Hendricks served in the U.S. House of Representatives. He later represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate from 1863 to 1869. During his Senate tenure, he was a notable voice for the Democratic minority, often opposing Reconstruction policies and voting against the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, reflecting his stance on the pace and nature of post-Civil War changes.

Governorship of Indiana

After three attempts, Hendricks was elected Governor of Indiana in 1872, serving from 1873 to 1877. His term coincided with significant economic challenges, including the Panic of 1873. Despite facing a Republican-controlled legislature, he initiated discussions for the construction of the current Indiana Statehouse, a lasting testament to his vision.

The Vice Presidency and Elections

The Contested Election of 1876

Hendricks was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in the highly contested 1876 election, running alongside Samuel Tilden. Despite winning the popular vote, the ticket narrowly lost the election via an Electoral Commission's decision, a pivotal moment in American electoral history.

Victory in 1884

Hendricks achieved national office in 1884 as the running mate of Grover Cleveland. Their victory marked a significant Democratic win. However, Hendricks's service as Vice President was cut short by his death on November 25, 1885, just eight months into the term.

Health and Service

Throughout his later career, Hendricks faced declining health, including periods of paralysis. Despite these challenges, he accepted the nomination for Vice President in 1884. His brief service as Vice President was marked by a working relationship with President Cleveland, though his health remained a concern.

Enduring Influence and Memory

Final Resting Place

Thomas A. Hendricks died in Indianapolis and is interred at Crown Hill Cemetery. His funeral was attended by national dignitaries, including President Cleveland, reflecting his stature in national politics.

Monetary Recognition

Hendricks holds a unique place in American numismatics as one of the few Vice Presidents not to become President whose portrait appeared on U.S. currency. His likeness is featured on the Series 1908 $10 silver certificate, colloquially known as the "tombstone" note due to its distinctive border.

Honoring His Name

Several places bear his name, including the Thomas A. Hendricks Library at Hanover College, funded by his widow Eliza. The Thomas A. Hendricks Monument stands prominently on the grounds of the Indiana Statehouse. Additionally, the town of Hendricks, Minnesota, and the adjacent lake were named in his honor.

Record of Elections

Gubernatorial Contests

Hendricks participated in three gubernatorial elections in Indiana, winning only his final bid in 1872. His campaigns highlight the competitive political landscape of the era.

1872 Indiana Gubernatorial Election
Party			Candidate		Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas A. Hendricks	189,242	50.1%
	Republican	Thomas M. Browne	188,276	49.9%

1868 Indiana Gubernatorial Election
Party			Candidate		Votes	%
	Republican	Conrad Baker	171,575	50.1%
	Democratic	Thomas A. Hendricks	170,614	49.9%

1860 Indiana Gubernatorial Election
Party			Candidate		Votes	%
	Republican	Henry S. Lane	139,675	51.8%
	Democratic	Thomas A. Hendricks	129,968	48.2%

National Campaigns

Hendricks was a key figure in two pivotal presidential elections.

1876 Presidential Election (VP Nominee)
Party			Candidates		Result
	Democratic	Samuel Tilden / Thomas A. Hendricks	Lost (Disputed)
	Republican	Rutherford B. Hayes / William A. Wheeler	Won

1884 Presidential Election (VP Nominee)
Party			Candidates		Result
	Democratic	Grover Cleveland / Thomas A. Hendricks	Won
	Republican	James G. Blaine / John A. Logan	Lost

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References

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Thomas A. Hendricks

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A Statesman's Profile ℹ️

🇺🇸 National Recognition

🏛️ Indiana Roots

⚖️ Legal and Fiscal Acumen

Foundations and Formation 🌱

👶 Early Years

🎓 Education and Profession

👨‍👩‍👧 Family Life

Ascent Through Public Service 📈

📜 Legislative Beginnings

🏛️ National Representation

👑 Governorship of Indiana

The Vice Presidency and Elections 🗳️

⚖️ The Contested Election of 1876

🏆 Victory in 1884

💔 Health and Service

Enduring Influence and Memory 🌟

⚱️ Final Resting Place

💰 Monetary Recognition

📍 Honoring His Name

Record of Elections 📊

📜 Gubernatorial Contests

🇺🇸 National Campaigns

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Important Considerations ⚠️

📜 Historical Context

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

A Statesman's Profile

National Recognition

Indiana Roots

Legal and Fiscal Acumen

Foundations and Formation

Early Years

Education and Profession

Family Life

Ascent Through Public Service

Legislative Beginnings

National Representation

Governorship of Indiana

The Vice Presidency and Elections

The Contested Election of 1876

Victory in 1884

Health and Service

Enduring Influence and Memory

Final Resting Place

Monetary Recognition

Honoring His Name

Record of Elections

Gubernatorial Contests

National Campaigns

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Important Considerations

Historical Context