What was the official name of the Treaty of Rome?

The Treaty of Rome was officially known as the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC). This treaty was a foundational document for the creation of the European Economic Community, which is now a core part of the European Union.

What was the primary objective of the Treaty of Rome?

The primary objective of the Treaty of Rome was to establish the European Economic Community (EEC), aiming to progressively reduce customs duties and create a customs union and a common market for goods, labor, services, and capital among its member states.

Which six countries were the original signatories of the Treaty of Rome?

The Treaty of Rome was signed by six founding member states: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. These nations were the initial participants in the European Economic Community.

On what date was the Treaty of Rome signed, and where did this signing take place?

The Treaty of Rome was signed on March 25, 1957, at the Palazzo dei Conservatori on Capitoline Hill in Rome, Italy. This date also coincided with the Catholic feast day of the Annunciation of Mary.

When did the Treaty of Rome officially come into force?

The Treaty of Rome came into force on January 1, 1958. This marked the official establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC).

How has the name of the Treaty of Rome evolved over time?

Originally titled the "Treaty establishing the European Economic Community," the treaty was renamed the "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009. This reflects the evolving nature and scope of European integration.

What economic policies did the Treaty of Rome propose to implement?

The treaty proposed the progressive reduction of customs duties, the establishment of a customs union, and the creation of a common market for the free movement of goods, labor, services, and capital across member states. It also aimed to establish a Common Agriculture Policy and a Common Transport Policy.

What was the significance of the Schuman Declaration in 1950 concerning European integration?

The Schuman Declaration, announced by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman on May 9, 1950, proposed pooling French and West German coal and steel production under a common High Authority. This initiative was the foundational concept for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), aiming to prevent future wars by integrating key war industries.

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Paris signed in 1951?

The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1951, created the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Its aim was to help reconstruct European economies, prevent war, and ensure lasting peace by pooling the coal and steel resources of its member states.

What was the political objective behind the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

The underlying political objective of the ECSC was to strengthen Franco-German cooperation and eliminate the possibility of war between them by making war materially impossible through the integration of their vital industrial resources.

When did the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty expire?

The ECSC Treaty expired on July 23, 2002, after fifty years, as was stipulated in the treaty itself. Its functions and responsibilities were subsequently absorbed into the broader European Community framework.

What were the two additional communities proposed by France after the ECSC, and what happened to them?

Following the ECSC, France proposed a European Defence Community (EDC) and a European Political Community (EPC). However, the EDC treaty was rejected by the French Parliament, which led to the shelving of the EPC as well.

How did Jean Monnet influence the shift towards economic integration after the failure of the EDC?

After the rejection of the EDC, Jean Monnet, a key figure in European integration, resigned from the High Authority of the ECSC. He then focused on developing alternative communities based on economic integration rather than political or military integration, which ultimately led to the proposals for the EEC and Euratom.

What was the role of the Spaak Report in the move towards a common market?

The Spaak Report, prepared by the Spaak Committee following the Messina Conference, provided the foundational framework for creating a common European market. It was accepted at the Venice Conference and served as the cornerstone for the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom.

How did the institutions of the EEC and Euratom differ from those of the ECSC?

The new Communities, the EEC and Euratom, shared the Common Assembly and the European Court of Justice with the ECSC. However, they had separate Councils of Ministers and replaced the ECSC's High Authority with less powerful 'Commissions,' reflecting France's reluctance towards extensive supranational powers.

What was the "Empty Chair Crisis" and how was it resolved?

The "Empty Chair Crisis" occurred in 1965 when France's President Charles de Gaulle recalled French representatives from the Council of Ministers, significantly disrupting the EEC's operations. It was resolved through the Luxembourg Compromise, which granted member states veto power on crucial decisions.

What significant agreements were made at the Hague meeting in 1969 regarding European integration?

At the Hague meeting in 1969, European leaders agreed to increase the European Parliament's budget and committed to a greater shift from national economic policies towards more international policy cooperation. This summit also led to the creation of the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund.

What did the BBC's *Today* program report about the signing of the Treaty of Rome?

The BBC's *Today* program reported in March 2007 that delays in printing meant the document signed by European leaders as the Treaty of Rome consisted of blank pages between the frontispiece and the signature page, suggesting a potential printing error or oversight.

Who signed the Treaty of Rome on behalf of West Germany?

Konrad Adenauer and Walter Hallstein signed the Treaty of Rome on behalf of West Germany. Adenauer was the Chancellor and Hallstein was a key official involved in the negotiations.

Who were the signatories for France for the Treaty of Rome?

Christian Pineau and Maurice Faure were the signatories for France for the Treaty of Rome. Pineau served as the Foreign Minister at the time.

What was the significance of the 2007 celebrations related to the Treaty of Rome?

The 2007 celebrations marked the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome and culminated in Berlin with the Berlin Declaration. This declaration served as a preparatory step for the subsequent Lisbon Treaty, outlining future directions for the European Union.

What historical assessment did Tony Judt offer regarding the Treaty of Rome?

Historian Tony Judt suggested that the Treaty of Rome did not represent a fundamental turning point in European integration, viewing much of its text as declarations of future intentions and procedural frameworks. He highlighted the establishment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) as a significant, though initially unnoticed, innovation.

What was the role of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) as established by the Treaty of Rome, according to Tony Judt?

According to Tony Judt, the establishment of a European Court of Justice (ECJ) to which national courts would submit cases for final adjudication was the only truly significant innovation of the Treaty of Rome that passed largely unnoticed at the time. This provision would prove immensely important in later decades for the development of EU law.

What is the significance of the date of the Schuman Declaration?

The Schuman Declaration, made on May 9, 1950, is significant as it marked the public announcement of the proposal to pool French and West German coal and steel production, laying the groundwork for the European Coal and Steel Community and subsequent European integration.

When did the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the Euratom Treaty enter into force?

Both the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the Euratom Treaty entered into force on January 1, 1958. This date marked the official commencement of operations for these two foundational European communities.

What was the purpose of the Merger Treaty signed in 1965?

The Merger Treaty, signed on April 8, 1965, and entering into force on July 1, 1967, consolidated the executive institutions of the three European Communities (ECSC, EEC, and Euratom) into a single Council and a single Commission. This streamlined the administrative structure of the European Communities.

When was the Single European Act (SEA) signed and when did it become effective?

The Single European Act (SEA) was signed in February 1986 and entered into force on July 1, 1987. It was a significant amendment that aimed to complete the internal market by 1992 and expanded the scope of European cooperation into new policy areas.

What is the significance of the Maastricht Treaty in the context of European integration?

The Maastricht Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992, and entering into force on November 1, 1993, was a landmark agreement that established the European Union (EU). It introduced the concept of EU citizenship, laid the groundwork for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and expanded cooperation in justice and home affairs and foreign policy.

When was the Treaty of Lisbon signed and when did it enter into force?

The Treaty of Lisbon was signed on December 13, 2007, and entered into force on December 1, 2009. It introduced significant institutional reforms, including strengthening the role of the European Parliament and establishing the positions of President of the European Council and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

What is the historical significance of the Schengen Agreement and Convention?

The Schengen Agreement (signed 1985) and its accompanying Convention (signed 1990) established the Schengen Area, which progressively abolished internal border controls among participating European countries. This created a zone of free movement for people across national borders.

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Accession 1972?

The Treaty of Accession 1972 was significant as it formalized the entry of new member states into the European Communities. This particular treaty allowed Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom to join the EEC.

What is the significance of the Brexit withdrawal agreement date?

The Brexit withdrawal agreement date, 2020, marks the formal withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. This event concluded a period of membership that began with the Treaty of Accession 1972.

What was the outcome of the 2017 celebrations in Rome regarding the Treaty of Rome's anniversary?

In 2017, Rome hosted multiple official and popular celebrations for the 60th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome. These events included projections on the Colosseum and demonstrations largely in favor of European unity and integration.

What is the purpose of the European Economic Area (EEA)?

The European Economic Area (EEA) extends the European Single Market to include member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), allowing for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons between EEA EFTA states and EU member states. It is based on agreements like the EEA Agreement signed in 1992.

What is the significance of the 'Acquis Communautaire' in EU law?

The 'Acquis Communautaire' refers to the body of common rights and obligations that bind all EU member states. It encompasses all the treaties, regulations, directives, and court rulings that constitute EU law, and it is continuously updated.

What does the principle of 'primacy' in European Union law mean?

The principle of primacy, established by the ECJ case Costa v ENEL (1964), means that EU law takes precedence over conflicting national laws of member states. This ensures the uniform application of EU law across all member countries.

What is the role of the European Parliament as mentioned in the context of the Treaty of Rome's timeline?

The timeline indicates that decisions made at the Hague meeting in 1969 led to a collective order for an increase in the European Parliament's budget. This reflects a growing recognition of the Parliament's role in the European integration process.

What is the significance of the 'customs union' mentioned in relation to the Treaty of Rome?

The Treaty of Rome proposed the establishment of a customs union, which means that member states agreed to abolish customs duties among themselves and adopt a common external tariff for goods imported from outside the union. This is a key element in creating a common market.

What was the purpose of the European Social Fund as proposed by the Treaty of Rome?

The European Social Fund was proposed by the Treaty of Rome to help improve employment opportunities for workers and facilitate the free movement of labor within the common market. It aimed to support economic development and reduce unemployment.

What is the 'Common Travel Area' mentioned in relation to the EU?

The Common Travel Area, particularly noted in relation to Ireland, refers to an arrangement that allows for free movement between the United Kingdom and Ireland, distinct from the broader Schengen Area arrangements. It predates the EU's Schengen Agreement.

What is the 'European Neighbourhood Policy'?

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is a foreign policy initiative of the EU aimed at strengthening relations with its neighboring countries. It seeks to promote stability, prosperity, and good governance in the EU's immediate vicinity, including through programs like the Eastern Partnership.

What is the significance of the 'Treaty of Paris (1951)'?

The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1951, established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which was the first major step in European integration. It aimed to pool coal and steel resources under a common authority to prevent future conflicts.

What does the 'Euratom Treaty' of 1957 concern?

The Euratom Treaty, signed alongside the Treaty of Rome in 1957, established the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). Its purpose was to foster cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy among member states.

What is the 'European Single Market'?

The European Single Market, also referred to as the common market, is a key objective of the EU that allows for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people across all member states. The Treaty of Rome laid the groundwork for its creation.

What is the 'European External Action Service'?

The European External Action Service (EEAS) is the diplomatic service and combined foreign and defence ministry of the European Union. It supports the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy in conducting the EU's foreign policy.

What was the purpose of the 'European Fiscal Compact' signed in 2012?

The European Fiscal Compact, signed in 2012, is an intergovernmental treaty that reinforces fiscal discipline among participating EU member states, particularly those in the Eurozone. It aims to ensure balanced budgets and greater fiscal stability.

What is the 'Schengen Information System'?

The Schengen Information System (SIS) is a large-scale, real-time database used by European countries to share information on persons and objects relevant to the area of freedom, security, and justice. It supports the implementation of the Schengen Agreement by enhancing border security and police cooperation.

What does the 'principle of conferral' relate to in the European Union?

The principle of conferral means that the EU can only act within the limits of the competences conferred upon it by the member states through the treaties. Any powers not conferred to the EU remain with the member states.

What is the significance of the 'Treaty of Accession 2011'?

The Treaty of Accession 2011 formalized the entry of Croatia into the European Union. It is part of a series of treaties that have expanded the EU's membership over time.

What is the 'European Banking Union'?

The European Banking Union is a framework designed to ensure the stability and safety of the European banking sector. It comprises the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), aiming for more integrated banking supervision and resolution.

What was the 'European Constitution' treaty of 2004?

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, proposed in 2004, was an unratified treaty intended to simplify and consolidate the EU's existing treaties and introduce a constitutional framework. It failed to be ratified by several member states.

Treaty Of Rome Wiki: The Treaty of Rome: Blueprint for a United Europe

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Foundational Accord

Establishing the EEC

The Treaty of Rome, formally the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), was signed on March 25, 1957, by six founding member states: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.^[1] Its primary objective was to create a common market among these nations, fostering economic cooperation and integration to ensure lasting peace and prosperity in post-war Europe.^[2]

Euratom's Creation

Concurrently, the same six states signed the treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).^[3] Both treaties aimed to pool resources and coordinate policies in specific sectors, laying the groundwork for the broader European Union we see today.^[4]

A Landmark Agreement

This pivotal agreement marked a significant step beyond the earlier European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). It established institutions and outlined policies designed to create an increasingly integrated economic space, moving towards a political union.^[5]

The Signing Ceremony

Venue and Date

The treaty was signed in the historic Palazzo dei Conservatori on Capitoline Hill in Rome, Italy, on March 25, 1957.^[6] This location, rich in Roman history, symbolized the ambition to build a new future for Europe.

The Founding States

The signatories represented the six nations that had previously established the ECSC:

Belgium
France
Germany (West Germany at the time)
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands

Their commitment laid the foundation for what would eventually become the European Union.^[7]

Entry into Force

Following ratification by the respective national parliaments, the treaty officially entered into force on January 1, 1958.^[8] This marked the operational beginning of the EEC and Euratom.

Core Tenets

The Common Market

The treaty established the EEC with the goal of creating a customs union and a common market. This involved:

Eliminating customs duties and quantitative restrictions between member states.
Establishing a common external tariff for goods imported from outside the EEC.
Ensuring the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people (the "four freedoms") across member states.^[9]

Common Policies

The treaty also laid the groundwork for common policies in key areas, most notably the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).^[10] It also provided for the establishment of common rules on competition, transport, and approximation of laws.

Institutional Framework

The EEC was established with a set of institutions designed to manage the common market and pursue integration goals:

A Commission (executive body)
A Council of Ministers (representing member governments)
A Parliamentary Assembly (later the European Parliament)
A Court of Justice.^[11]

These institutions were crucial for implementing and enforcing the treaty's provisions.

Transformative Influence

Economic Growth and Stability

The establishment of the common market facilitated unprecedented economic growth and trade expansion among member states. By reducing trade barriers and harmonizing regulations, the EEC stimulated competition and investment, contributing to higher living standards.^[12]

Peace and Reconciliation

Beyond economics, the treaty represented a profound commitment to peace and reconciliation in a continent historically marked by conflict. By binding nations together through shared economic interests and institutions, it aimed to make war between them "not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible."^[13]

Foundation for Enlargement

The success of the EEC encouraged other European nations to seek membership, leading to successive enlargements of the Community. The Treaty of Rome provided the legal and institutional framework upon which subsequent treaties, like Maastricht and Lisbon, would build.^[14]

Enduring Heritage

Evolution to the EU

The EEC, established by the Treaty of Rome, evolved over decades, incorporating new policy areas and deepening integration. It became a central pillar of the European Union following the Maastricht Treaty in 1993.^[15] The principles enshrined in the Treaty of Rome continue to shape the EU's structure and objectives.

Global Influence

The model of regional economic integration pioneered by the Treaty of Rome has influenced similar initiatives worldwide. Its success demonstrated the potential for cooperation to overcome national rivalries and foster shared prosperity.^[16]

Key Provisions Summary

The treaty's core contributions include:

Area	Key Objective
Common Market	Free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons; common external tariff.
Agriculture	Establishment of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Transport	Common rules for transport services.
Competition	Prohibition of anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant positions.
Institutions	Creation of the Commission, Council, Parliament, and Court of Justice.
Euratom	Coordination of atomic energy research and peaceful use.

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References

1957â1968 Successes and crises â CVCE (Centre for European Studies)

The Brussels Report on the General Common Market (abridged, English translation of document commonly called the Spaak Report) â AEI (Archive of European Integration)

Drafting of the Rome Treaties â CVCE (Centre for European Studies)

A European Atomic Energy Community â CVCE (Centre for European Studies)

A European Customs Union â CVCE (Centre for European Studies)

A full list of references for this article are available at the Treaty of Rome Wikipedia page

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This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, political, or historical advice. Users should consult primary sources and expert analysis for definitive understanding and decision-making. The creators are not liable for any inaccuracies, omissions, or actions taken based on the information presented.

The Treaty of Rome

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Foundational Accord 📜

🇪🇺 Establishing the EEC

⚛️ Euratom's Creation

🏛️ A Landmark Agreement

The Signing Ceremony ✍️

📍 Venue and Date

🤝 The Founding States

🗓️ Entry into Force

Core Tenets 🔑

🛒 The Common Market

⚖️ Common Policies

🏛️ Institutional Framework

Transformative Influence 🚀

📈 Economic Growth and Stability

🕊️ Peace and Reconciliation

🌍 Foundation for Enlargement

Enduring Heritage ⏳

➡️ Evolution to the EU

🌐 Global Influence

📚 Key Provisions Summary

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Foundational Accord

Establishing the EEC

Euratom's Creation

A Landmark Agreement

The Signing Ceremony

Venue and Date

The Founding States

Entry into Force

Core Tenets

The Common Market

Common Policies

Institutional Framework

Transformative Influence

Economic Growth and Stability

Peace and Reconciliation

Foundation for Enlargement

Enduring Heritage

Evolution to the EU

Global Influence

Key Provisions Summary

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice