What is the primary classification of Valdez, Alaska, and where is it geographically located?

Valdez is classified as a city within the Chugach Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated at the head of Port Valdez on the eastern side of Prince William Sound.

What was the population of Valdez, Alaska, according to the 2020 United States census?

According to the 2020 United States census, the population of Valdez, Alaska, was 3,985. This represented a slight increase from its 2010 population of 3,976.

How does Valdez rank in terms of population within Alaska's Unorganized Borough?

Valdez is the third most populated city in Alaska's Unorganized Borough, which refers to the large area of Alaska that is not contained within any of its organized boroughs, functioning similarly to counties in other U.S. states.

Who was Valdez named after, and when did this naming occur?

Valdez was named in 1790 after Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán, who served as the Spanish Navy Minister. The naming was carried out by Spanish explorer Salvador Fidalgo.

What significant historical events are associated with Valdez, Alaska?

Valdez has a rich history, initially serving as a Gold Rush town. It experienced catastrophic damage during the 1964 Alaska earthquake and is located near the site of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill. Today, it is a crucial commercial fishing and freight port, and the terminus for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.

Who was Salvador Fidalgo, and what was his role in the Spanish beginnings of Valdez?

Salvador Fidalgo was a Spanish explorer who, in 1790, named the port of Valdez after Spanish naval officer Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán. Fidalgo was part of Spain's expeditions in the Pacific Northwest, sent by Juan Vicente de Güemes, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo, the viceroy of New Spain.

Describe Salvador Fidalgo's expedition in 1790 that led to the naming of Puerto Valdés.

On May 5, 1790, Salvador Fidalgo sailed with the San Carlos de Nutka towards Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet. After anchoring near present-day Cordova, Alaska, and trading with natives, he disembarked on June 3 at Orca Inlet, where he reaffirmed Spanish sovereignty. On June 15, his expedition discovered a port, which he named Puerto Valdés, in honor of Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán, who was then the Secretary of State of the Universal Office of the Navy and the Indies.

How did Spain's claims to territory in the Pacific Northwest, including Valdez, evolve in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

In the 1790s Nootka Conventions, following the Nootka Crisis, Spain granted Great Britain access rights to the Pacific Northwest without ceding its own rights or establishing a boundary with Spanish California. Later, in 1819, Spain relinquished all remaining claims to territory north of the 42nd parallel to the United States as part of the Adams-Onís Treaty.

What deceptive scheme led to the initial development of Valdez as a mining town in 1898?

In 1898, steamship companies promoted the Valdez Glacier Trail as a superior route for prospectors to reach the Klondike gold fields and discover new ones in Alaska's Copper River country, compared to the route from Skagway. This promotion was a scam, as the glacier trail was twice as long and steep as advertised, leading to many deaths from scurvy and inadequate supplies during the harsh winter.

How did the construction of the Richardson Highway impact the growth and establishment of Valdez?

Valdez did not truly flourish until the Richardson Highway was constructed in 1910, connecting it to Fairbanks. This new road, combined with Valdez's ice-free port, permanently established the city as the first overland supply route into interior Alaska. Initially a summer-only route, the highway became a year-round passage in 1950.

What event in 1907 ended Valdez's aspirations of becoming a major railroad hub?

In 1907, a shootout between two competing railroad companies over a right-of-way dispute in Keystone Canyon ended Valdez's hopes of becoming the primary railroad link from tidewater to the rich Kennicott Copper Mine. A half-completed tunnel in the canyon remains as a physical reminder of this failed ambition, with a rail line to Kennicott later established from Cordova instead.

What was the primary cause of the catastrophic damage to Valdez during the 1964 Good Friday earthquake?

The catastrophic damage to Valdez during the 1964 Good Friday earthquake was primarily caused by soil liquefaction of the glacial silt that formed the city's foundation. This led to a massive underwater landslide, causing a section of the shoreline to break off and sink into the sea.

What immediate and tragic consequence did the 1964 earthquake have on Valdez's main freight dock?

The underwater soil displacement caused by the 1964 earthquake generated a local tsunami 30 feet (9.1 meters) high. This tsunami, combined with the collapsing dock, resulted in the deaths of all 32 people who were on Valdez's main freight dock to assist with and observe the unloading of the supply ship SS Chena.

How did the city of Valdez respond to the devastation of the 1964 earthquake in terms of relocation?

Following the 1964 earthquake, residents continued to live in the damaged town for three years while a new site was prepared on more stable ground, located four miles (6 km) away. The United States Army Corps of Engineers supervised the relocation, transporting 54 houses and buildings by truck to establish the new city at its current location, while the original town site was dismantled, abandoned, and eventually burned down.

What role did George Cheever Hazelet and Andrew Jackson Meals' descendants play in the relocation of Valdez after the 1964 earthquake?

Long after city leaders George Cheever Hazelet and Andrew Jackson Meals had envisioned moving Valdez to higher, more stable ground, their descendants revitalized their 1898 partnership. They formed The Port Valdez Company, which donated 115 acres of land, where the failed 'Hazeletville' development once stood, enabling the city to rebuild and thrive at its new location.

What was the purpose of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, and how did its construction impact Valdez?

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline was constructed from 1975 to 1977 to transport oil from the Prudhoe Bay oil fields in northern Alaska to a terminal in Valdez, which is the nearest ice-free port. The construction and subsequent operation of this pipeline and its terminal significantly boosted the economy of Valdez, as oil is loaded onto tanker ships there for transport.

Where did the Exxon Valdez oil spill occur, and what were its immediate effects on Valdez and the surrounding marine environment?

The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred at Bligh Reef, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Valdez, as the oil tanker Exxon Valdez was departing the terminal full of oil. While the oil itself did not reach Valdez, the spill devastated much of the marine life in the surrounding area. The subsequent clean-up efforts, however, provided a short-term boost to Valdez's economy.

Describe the 2014 avalanches near Valdez and their impact on the city's transportation.

On January 24, 2014, a major avalanche occurred at Mile 16 near Keystone Canyon, just outside Valdez, leading to the closure of the only highway connecting the town to the outside world. The following day, the Alaska Department of Transportation triggered another massive slide, which further blocked the roadway. Due to weather conditions, the avalanche dammed the Lowe River, forming a half-mile-long lake that delayed snow removal for nearly a week, an event locally dubbed the 'Damalanche'.

What were the consequences of the 2014 avalanches in terms of injuries and recovery efforts?

Despite the significant disruption caused by the 2014 avalanches, no one was injured during the incident. Once the water from the dammed Lowe River receded, crews worked continuously for five days to clear approximately 200,000 cubic yards of snow, reopening the vital highway.

What are the geographical features surrounding Valdez, Alaska?

Valdez is situated near the head of a deep fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska. It is encircled by the heavily glaciated Chugach Mountains, and nearby Shoup Glacier, which feeds Shoup Bay, historically provided ice for the town's residents.

What unique distinction does Valdez hold regarding its port and surrounding forest?

Valdez is recognized as the northernmost port in North America that remains ice-free year-round. Additionally, the northernmost point of the coastal Pacific temperate rain forest is located in Valdez, specifically on Blueberry Hill.

What is the sole road access to Valdez, and what notable features does it traverse?

The only road access to Valdez is via the Richardson Highway, which passes through Thompson Pass and Keystone Canyon before terminating in Valdez. Thompson Pass is particularly known for its spectacular waterfalls and glaciers adjacent to the highway, as well as treacherous driving conditions during winter.

How is Valdez's climate classified, and what is a notable characteristic of its winter temperatures?

Under the Köppen climate classification, Valdez has a subarctic climate (Dfc). Although its winters are considerably warmer than most climates of this type, they are not mild enough to be categorized as oceanic or subpolar oceanic, unlike some other Alaskan cities.

What makes Valdez stand out in terms of snowfall among U.S. cities?

According to the Weather Channel and NOAA, Valdez is the snowiest city in the United States, receiving an average of over 300 inches (760 cm) of snow annually. The city has recorded more than 100 inches (250 cm) of snow in five separate months, though not all in the same year.

What was the population trend for Valdez from 1900 to 2020, according to the U.S. Decennial Census data?

Valdez's population saw significant fluctuations from 1900 to 2020. It grew from 315 in 1900 to 810 in 1910, then declined to 466 in 1920. After some smaller changes, it saw substantial growth from 555 in 1960 to 3,079 in 1980, peaking at 4,068 in 1990 before slightly decreasing to 3,985 by 2020.

When was Valdez formally incorporated, and when was its original townsite relocated?

Valdez was formally incorporated as a city in 1901. Its original townsite, located on the east side of Port Valdez, was relocated to the north side in 1967 following the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, though it remains within the present city limits.

What was the racial demographic breakdown of Valdez, Alaska, according to the 2020 United States census?

In the 2020 United States census, the racial makeup of Valdez was predominantly White at 75.7%. Other significant groups included Native American or Alaska Native at 7.8%, Asian at 2.6%, Black at 0.8%, and Pacific Islander at 0.8%. Additionally, 2.0% identified as some other race, and 10.3% reported two or more races. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race constituted 6.8% of the population.

What were the median household and family incomes in Valdez, Alaska, according to the 2020 census?

According to the 2020 United States census, the median income for a household in Valdez was $99,151, while the median income for a family was slightly higher at $102,832.

What percentage of Valdez's population lived below the poverty line in 2020, and how did this vary by age group?

In 2020, 4.4% of Valdez's total population lived below the poverty line. This figure was higher for those under age 18, with 7.6% in poverty, and lower for those over 65, with 3.8% in poverty.

What are the main pillars of Valdez's economy?

Valdez's economy is supported by several key sectors: it functions as a fishing port for both commercial and sport fishing, a freight terminal for goods moving into interior Alaska, and a tourist destination offering sightseeing of marine life and glaciers, deep-sea fishing, and heli skiing. Crucially, it also serves as the oil terminal where oil from the Trans-Alaska Pipeline is loaded onto ships.

Which company is identified as one of the largest employers in Valdez?

The Alyeska Pipeline Service Company is noted as one of the biggest employers in Valdez, reflecting the significant economic impact of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System on the city.

How is Valdez connected to other parts of Alaska for transportation?

Valdez is connected to interior Alaska via the Richardson Highway. It is also a port of call within the Alaska Marine Highway ferry system, providing sea-based transportation. For air travel, the Valdez Airport, also known as Pioneer Field, offers regular scheduled service through Ravn Alaska.

What notable extreme sports event did Valdez host in the past?

Valdez hosted the World Extreme Skiing Championship (WESC) during the early 1990s, highlighting its challenging mountainous terrain suitable for such events.

Who is the current mayor of Valdez, and who represents the city in the Alaska State Legislature?

The current mayor of Valdez is Sharon Scheidt. In the Alaska State Legislature, Mike Shower (R) serves as the State Senator, and George Rauscher (R) serves as the State Representative for the area.

What was the media landscape like in Valdez at one point, and what is it like now?

At one time, Valdez was home to two weekly newspapers, the Valdez Star and the Valdez Vanguard. In 2004, the Star acquired the Vanguard. Currently, Valdez is home to radio broadcasters KCHU, KVAK, and KVAK-FM.

What annual cultural event is hosted in Valdez, and by which institution?

Valdez is home to the Last Frontier Theatre Conference, an annual event hosted by the Prince William Sound College. This conference attracts playwrights and actors from across the United States.

Which film had scenes shot near Valdez, and what specific locations were used?

The 1994 film On Deadly Ground was filmed near Worthington Glacier, as well as at the Valdez Civic Center and Valdez Airport. Additionally, scenes were shot 30 miles (48 km) outside Valdez on Thompson Pass in the Chugach Mountains.

What is the Valdez Marine Terminal, and what is its significance?

The Valdez Marine Terminal is an oil port located in Valdez, serving as the southern terminus of the Alaska Pipeline. It is a critical facility where crude oil is stored and loaded onto oil tankers for transport, and it was the point of departure for the Exxon Valdez before its infamous oil spill.

How many crude oil storage tanks and loading berths are active at the Valdez Marine Terminal?

The Valdez Marine Terminal has 14 active aboveground crude oil storage tanks. For loading oil onto ships, the terminal has 2 operational loading berths.

What is the frequency of oil tanker departures from the Valdez Marine Terminal?

On average, three to five oil tankers depart from the Valdez Marine Terminal each week, carrying crude oil for transport.

Since its operational start, how many tankers have departed from the Valdez Marine Terminal with oil?

Since the Trans-Alaska Pipeline became operational in 1976, more than 19,000 tankers full of oil have departed from the Valdez Marine Terminal.

Who was the first tanker loaded with pipeline oil from the Valdez terminal, and where was it headed?

The first tanker to be loaded with pipeline oil from the Valdez terminal was the ARCO Juneau in early August 1977. It was bound for the Cherry Point Refinery in Washington state.

Who was Neva Egan, and what was her connection to Valdez?

Neva Egan (1914–2011) was the first First Lady of Alaska, serving from 1959–1966 and again from 1970–1974. She was a notable person associated with Valdez.

Who was William A. Egan, and what significant political role did he hold?

William A. Egan (1914–1984) was the first Governor of Alaska, serving two non-consecutive terms from 1959–1966 and 1970–1974. He is listed among notable people from Valdez.

What was Margaret Keenan Harrais's professional role in Valdez before and after Alaska became a state?

Margaret Keenan Harrais (1872–1964) served as a United States Commissioner at Valdez. After Alaska achieved statehood, she continued her public service as a deputy magistrate in Valdez.

Who was Robert Campbell Reeve, and what was his contribution to Alaskan aviation?

Robert Campbell Reeve (1902–1980) was a Valdez-based bush pilot who founded Reeve Aleutian Airways, a significant airline in Alaska's history.

Which former Governor of Alaska is listed as a notable person from Valdez?

Bill Walker (born 1951), a former Governor of Alaska, is listed as a notable person from Valdez.

What was Ed Walker's military and civic involvement related to Valdez?

Ed Walker (1917–2011) was the second-to-last surviving member of Castner's Cutthroats, a specialized Alaskan scout unit during World War II. He was also a former member of the Valdez city council, demonstrating his civic involvement in the community.

What is the total area of Valdez, and how much of it is land versus water?

According to the United States Census Bureau, Valdez has a total area of 277.1 square miles (718 km²). Of this, 222.0 square miles (575 km²) is land, and 55.1 square miles (143 km²), or 19.88%, is water.

What was the average annual precipitation in Valdez, Alaska, based on 1991-2020 normals?

Based on 1991-2020 climate normals, the average annual precipitation in Valdez, Alaska, was 67.90 inches (1,725 mm).

What was the average annual snowfall in Valdez, Alaska, based on 1991-2020 normals?

Based on 1991-2020 climate normals, the average annual snowfall in Valdez, Alaska, was 325.3 inches (826 cm).

Valdez Alaska Wiki: Valdez: Gateway to Prince William Sound's Grandeur

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Introduction

Alaskan Nexus

Valdez, known in Alutiiq as Suacit, is a significant city within Alaska's Chugach Census Area. As of 2020, its population stood at 3,985, a slight increase from 3,976 in 2010. This makes it the third most populated city in Alaska's Unorganized Borough, a testament to its enduring presence in a vast and sparsely populated state.

Strategic Port

Strategically situated at the head of Port Valdez on the eastern side of Prince William Sound, Valdez has long been recognized for its ice-free port. Initially a Gold Rush town, it was formally incorporated in 1901. Its importance surged with the construction of the road link to Fairbanks in 1910, establishing it as a critical overland supply route to interior Alaska. Today, it serves as the vital terminus for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.

Resilience Defined

Valdez's history is marked by remarkable resilience in the face of adversity. The city endured catastrophic damage during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, necessitating a complete relocation of its townsite. Furthermore, it is located near the site of the infamous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill. Despite these profound challenges, Valdez has consistently rebuilt and adapted, maintaining its status as a crucial commercial fishing port and freight terminal.

Historical Trajectories

Spanish Beginnings

The port of Valdez received its name in 1790 from the Spanish explorer Salvador Fidalgo, who honored Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán, then Spain's Navy Minister. Fidalgo's expedition, part of Spain's broader Pacific Northwest explorations, anchored off present-day Cordova before discovering and naming Puerto Valdés on June 15. This act reaffirmed Spanish sovereignty, though subsequent Nootka Conventions and the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty later transferred these claims to Great Britain and then the United States.

Gold Rush & Development

In 1898, Valdez emerged as a Gold Rush town, albeit one founded on a deceptive promotion of the Valdez Glacier Trail as an easier route to the Klondike. Many prospectors faced severe hardships and even death due to the trail's treacherous conditions. The town's prosperity truly began after the 1910 construction of the Richardson Highway, connecting Valdez to Fairbanks, establishing it as the first year-round overland supply route to interior Alaska. Early 20th-century photographs, such as those depicting Valdez in 1910 or McKinley Avenue in June 1908, illustrate its nascent development. A 1907 railroad dispute in Keystone Canyon, marked by a half-completed tunnel, ended Valdez's aspirations as a rail link to the rich Kennicott Copper Mine, a role later assumed by Cordova.

The Great Quake of '64

On Good Friday in 1964, Valdez experienced catastrophic damage from a powerful earthquake. The event triggered severe soil liquefaction of the glacial silt underlying the town, leading to a massive underwater landslide. This caused a section of the shoreline to collapse into the sea, generating a 30-foot (9.1 m) tsunami that tragically claimed 32 lives on the main freight dock. Although no deaths occurred within the town itself, the devastation necessitated a complete relocation. Residents lived at the original site for three more years while the Army Corps of Engineers supervised the preparation of a new, more stable location four miles away. Fifty-four houses and buildings were physically moved, and the original townsite, including areas like "Hazeletville" (seen in a 1900 photo), was dismantled and eventually burned. The Port Valdez Company, formed by descendants of early city leaders, donated 115 acres to facilitate this rebirth.

Pipeline Era

From 1975 to 1977, Valdez's destiny was reshaped by the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. This monumental project was designed to transport oil from the Prudhoe Bay fields to the Valdez oil terminal, the nearest ice-free port. The pipeline's operation and the terminal's activities significantly boosted the local economy, with the first tanker, the ARCO Juneau, loaded in August 1977. However, 1989 brought the infamous Exxon Valdez oil spill, which occurred at Bligh Reef, approximately 25 miles (40 km) from Valdez. While the oil did not directly reach the city, it caused widespread environmental devastation to marine life in Prince William Sound. The subsequent cleanup efforts, paradoxically, provided a short-term economic stimulus to Valdez.

Modern Challenges: Avalanches

Valdez continues to face unique environmental challenges, as exemplified by the major avalanches in January 2014. A significant slide at Mile 16 near Keystone Canyon closed the only highway connecting Valdez to the outside world. Subsequent controlled detonations by the Alaska DOT triggered another massive slide, which dammed the Lowe River and created a half-mile-long lake, locally dubbed the "Damalanche." This blockage stalled snow removal for nearly a week, requiring crews to clear approximately 200,000 cubic yards of snow. Fortunately, no injuries were reported during this event, highlighting the community's preparedness and the formidable natural forces at play.

Natural Environment

Topographical Setting

Valdez is geographically situated at 61°7′51″N 146°20′54″W, encompassing a total area of 277.1 square miles (718 km²), with 222.0 square miles (575 km²) of land and 55.1 square miles (143 km²) of water. The city is nestled at the head of a deep fjord within Prince William Sound, dramatically framed by the heavily glaciated Chugach Mountains. This stunning backdrop contributes significantly to Valdez's unique character and challenges.

Unique Features

A notable feature is the nearby Shoup Glacier, which feeds Shoup Bay and historically served as a crucial source of ice for Valdez residents in the early 20th century. Valdez holds the distinction of being the northernmost ice-free port in North America, a critical asset for its economic activities. Furthermore, it marks the northernmost extent of the coastal Pacific temperate rain forest, specifically on Blueberry Hill, showcasing a remarkable ecological transition.

Access & Terrain

The city's only road access is provided by the Richardson Highway, a route renowned for its scenic beauty as it traverses Thompson Pass and Keystone Canyon. This journey offers breathtaking views of waterfalls and glaciers, yet also presents formidable driving conditions, particularly during the winter months, underscoring the rugged nature of the Alaskan landscape surrounding Valdez.

Climatic Profile

Subarctic Yet Temperate

Despite the presence of a temperate rainforest, Valdez is characterized by a subarctic climate (Köppen classification: Dfc). Its winters, while considerably milder than most climates of this type, do not meet the criteria for an oceanic or subpolar oceanic classification, unlike other Alaskan cities such as Ketchikan or Kodiak. This unique blend results in a climate that is both cold and significantly influenced by its coastal proximity.

America's Snowiest City

Valdez holds the remarkable distinction of being the snowiest city in the United States, receiving an average of over 300 inches (760 cm) of snowfall annually. Historical records indicate that on five separate occasions, the city has experienced more than 100 inches (250 cm) of snow within a single month, highlighting the extreme winter conditions that define its environment.

Climate Data for Valdez, Alaska (1991–2020 Normals, Extremes 1917–Present)

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	55 (13)	59 (15)	57 (14)	69 (21)	79 (26)	90 (32)	85 (29)	84 (29)	75 (24)	69 (21)	59 (15)	54 (12)	90 (32)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	40.1 (4.5)	41.2 (5.1)	46.6 (8.1)	57.1 (13.9)	68.4 (20.2)	75.1 (23.9)	76.3 (24.6)	74.8 (23.8)	65.7 (18.7)	55.0 (12.8)	43.6 (6.4)	41.0 (5.0)	78.9 (26.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	28.7 (−1.8)	31.9 (−0.1)	36.7 (2.6)	46.4 (8.0)	55.6 (13.1)	62.5 (16.9)	64.1 (17.8)	62.0 (16.7)	55.0 (12.8)	44.9 (7.2)	33.9 (1.1)	30.7 (−0.7)	46.0 (7.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)	23.9 (−4.5)	26.7 (−2.9)	29.9 (−1.2)	39.2 (4.0)	47.7 (8.7)	54.4 (12.4)	56.6 (13.7)	54.5 (12.5)	48.3 (9.1)	39.5 (4.2)	29.4 (−1.4)	26.2 (−3.2)	39.7 (4.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	19.1 (−7.2)	21.4 (−5.9)	23.0 (−5.0)	31.9 (−0.1)	39.8 (4.3)	46.3 (7.9)	49.1 (9.5)	46.9 (8.3)	41.6 (5.3)	34.1 (1.2)	24.9 (−3.9)	21.8 (−5.7)	33.3 (0.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	2.8 (−16.2)	6.9 (−13.9)	10.0 (−12.2)	20.8 (−6.2)	31.9 (−0.1)	39.2 (4.0)	43.9 (6.6)	40.3 (4.6)	31.6 (−0.2)	23.0 (−5.0)	12.4 (−10.9)	7.2 (−13.8)	−0.5 (−18.1)
Record low °F (°C)	−24 (−31)	−28 (−33)	−11 (−24)	0 (−18)	13 (−11)	27 (−3)	33 (1)	29 (−2)	14 (−10)	5 (−15)	−10 (−23)	−18 (−28)	−28 (−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	6.56 (167)	5.92 (150)	4.10 (104)	3.37 (86)	3.02 (77)	2.44 (62)	3.87 (98)	7.00 (178)	9.76 (248)	7.98 (203)	6.14 (156)	7.74 (197)	67.90 (1,725)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	66.6 (169)	63.4 (161)	45.8 (116)	22.3 (57)	3.4 (8.6)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (1.8)	9.1 (23)	43.5 (110)	70.5 (179)	325.3 (826)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	16.3	15.3	13.9	14.3	15.0	13.8	18.0	18.4	20.9	19.3	15.5	17.3	198.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	15.6	14.3	13.0	6.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	4.7	12.9	16.0	84.4
Average relative humidity (%)	77.6	72.7	72.9	72.5	75.2	78.5	83.0	84.9	84.2	78.5	74.0	77.1	77.6
Average dew point °F (°C)	18.1 (−7.7)	16.5 (−8.6)	22.5 (−5.3)	28.2 (−2.1)	37.6 (3.1)	44.4 (6.9)	48.9 (9.4)	47.8 (8.8)	41.7 (5.4)	31.5 (−0.3)	19.8 (−6.8)	18.1 (−7.7)	31.3 (−0.4)

Demographic Insights

Population Dynamics

Valdez has experienced fluctuations in its population over the decades. From a modest 315 residents in 1900, it saw significant growth, particularly between 1960 and 1980, reflecting the impact of the pipeline construction. The 2020 United States census recorded a population of 3,985, a slight increase from 3,976 in 2010. The original townsite, relocated in 1967 after the 1964 earthquake, remains within the current city limits.

Historical Population of Valdez, Alaska

Census	Pop.	%±
1900	315	—
1910	810	157.1%
1920	466	−42.5%
1930	442	−5.2%
1940	529	19.7%
1950	554	4.7%
1960	555	0.2%
1970	1,005	81.1%
1980	3,079	206.4%
1990	4,068	32.1%
2000	4,036	−0.8%
2010	3,976	−1.5%
2020	3,985	0.2%

Ethnic Composition

The 2020 census data reveals a diverse ethnic landscape in Valdez. The population was predominantly White at 75.7%, with significant representation from Native American or Alaska Native communities at 7.8%. Other racial groups included Black (0.8%), Asian (2.6%), Pacific Islander (0.8%), and 2.0% identifying with some other race. Additionally, 10.3% reported belonging to two or more races, and 6.8% identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race. A totem in Valdez stands as a cultural marker, honoring the Native American population and their historical presence.

Socioeconomic Profile

In 2020, Valdez reported 1,758 housing units and 1,610 total households. The median age of residents was 40 years, indicating a relatively stable and mature population. Economically, the city demonstrates robust figures, with a median household income of $99,151 and a median family income of $102,832. A relatively low percentage of the population, 4.4%, was found to be below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under 18 and 3.8% of those over 65, suggesting a generally prosperous community.

Economic Pillars

Diverse Industries

Valdez's economy is multifaceted, anchored by its role as a crucial fishing port, supporting both commercial and sport fishing activities. It also serves as a vital freight terminal, facilitating the movement of goods to interior Alaska. Beyond these traditional sectors, Valdez has cultivated a thriving tourist industry, drawing visitors for sightseeing of marine life and glaciers, deep-sea fishing excursions, and heli-skiing adventures.

Oil & Employment

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System and its terminus, the Valdez oil terminal, represent a cornerstone of the local economy. Oil from Prudhoe Bay is loaded onto tanker ships here for transport, making the terminal a hub of industrial activity. The Alyeska Pipeline Service Company stands as one of the largest employers in Valdez, providing significant economic stability and employment opportunities for the community.

Transportation Hub

Connectivity is key to Valdez's economic vitality. The Richardson Highway provides the sole road link to interior Alaska, while the city also functions as a port of call within the Alaska Marine Highway ferry system. The Valdez Airport, also known as Pioneer Field, offers regular scheduled service through Ravn Alaska, further integrating Valdez into regional transportation networks. However, Thompson Pass, just north of Valdez on the highway, is notorious for treacherous driving conditions during winter, posing a consistent challenge for logistics.

Extreme Sports Legacy

In the early 1990s, Valdez gained international recognition as the host of the World Extreme Skiing Championship (WESC). This event capitalized on the region's formidable mountain terrain and abundant snowfall, cementing Valdez's reputation as a premier destination for extreme winter sports and contributing to its unique cultural identity.

Media & Culture

Local Media Landscape

Despite its relatively small size, Valdez has historically supported a vibrant local media scene. At one point, it was home to two weekly newspapers, the Valdez Star and the Valdez Vanguard, which later merged in 2004 with the Star acquiring the Vanguard. The city is also served by local radio broadcasters KCHU, KVAK, and KVAK-FM, ensuring community access to local news and programming.

Arts & Academia

Valdez is a hub for artistic and academic endeavors, notably hosting the annual Last Frontier Theatre Conference. This prestigious event, organized by the Prince William Sound College, attracts playwrights and actors from across the United States, fostering a rich environment for theatrical development and cultural exchange within the Alaskan context.

Filming Location

The dramatic landscapes surrounding Valdez have also drawn the attention of the film industry. The 1994 movie On Deadly Ground utilized several locations near Valdez for its filming, including areas near Worthington Glacier, the Valdez Civic Center, the Valdez Airport, and the challenging terrain of Thompson Pass in the Chugach Mountains. This showcases the region's cinematic appeal and its ability to serve as a backdrop for compelling narratives.

Oil Terminal

Valdez Marine Terminal

The Valdez Marine Terminal is a critical petroleum oil port located in Valdez, marking the southern terminus of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. This facility gained international notoriety as the point of departure for the Exxon Valdez oil tanker just prior to its infamous oil spill in 1989, an event that profoundly impacted environmental policy and marine conservation efforts.

Operations & Capacity

The terminal is equipped with 14 active aboveground crude oil storage tanks, facilitating the immense volume of oil transported through the pipeline. On average, three to five oil tankers depart from the terminal each week, carrying crude oil to various destinations. Since the pipeline's inception in 1976, over 19,000 tankers have been loaded at this facility, underscoring its continuous and significant role in global energy supply. The terminal currently operates with two functional loading berths to manage this high volume of maritime traffic.

Governance

Civic Structure

Valdez operates under a municipal government structure, with Sharon Scheidt serving as the current mayor. At the state level, the city is represented by State Senator Mike Shower (R) and State Representative George Rauscher (R). This local and state representation ensures that the unique needs and interests of Valdez and its residents are addressed within the broader Alaskan political landscape.

Notable Figures

Prominent Individuals

Valdez has been home to several individuals who have made significant contributions to Alaska and beyond:

Neva Egan (1914–2011): The first First Lady of Alaska, serving from 1959–1966 and 1970–1974.
William A. Egan (1914–1984): The first Governor of Alaska, holding office during the same terms as his wife, Neva.
Margaret Keenan Harrais (1872–1964): Served as a United States Commissioner at Valdez and later as a deputy magistrate after Alaska achieved statehood.
Robert Campbell Reeve (1902–1980): A pioneering Valdez-based bush pilot and the founder of Reeve Aleutian Airways.
Bill Walker (born 1951): A former Governor of Alaska.
Ed Walker (1917–2011): A former member of the Valdez city council and one of the last surviving members of Castner's Cutthroats, a renowned Alaskan scouting and raiding unit during WWII.

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References

Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Valdez, Alaska Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website regarding geography, history, climate, demographics, or economy is for general understanding and should not be used as a substitute for expert consultation, official government data, or professional research. Always refer to official sources and consult with qualified professionals for specific inquiries or decision-making.

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Valdez: Gateway to Prince William Sound's Grandeur

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction 📍

🗺️ Alaskan Nexus

⚓ Strategic Port

💪 Resilience Defined

Historical Trajectories 📜

🇪🇸 Spanish Beginnings

⛏️ Gold Rush & Development

🌊 The Great Quake of '64

🛢️ Pipeline Era

🌨️ Modern Challenges: Avalanches

Natural Environment 🗺️

🏔️ Topographical Setting

🌲 Unique Features

🛣️ Access & Terrain

Climatic Profile ❄️

🌡️ Subarctic Yet Temperate

☃️ America's Snowiest City

Climate Data for Valdez, Alaska (1991–2020 Normals, Extremes 1917–Present)

Demographic Insights 👥

📈 Population Dynamics

Historical Population of Valdez, Alaska

🎨 Ethnic Composition

💼 Socioeconomic Profile

Economic Pillars 💰

🎣 Diverse Industries

🛢️ Oil & Employment

✈️ Transportation Hub

⛷️ Extreme Sports Legacy

Media & Culture 🎭

📰 Local Media Landscape

📚 Arts & Academia

🎬 Filming Location

Oil Terminal 🚢

🏭 Valdez Marine Terminal

📊 Operations & Capacity

Governance 🏛️

🤝 Civic Structure

Notable Figures ⭐

👤 Prominent Individuals

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

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❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

Alaskan Nexus

Strategic Port

Resilience Defined

Historical Trajectories

Spanish Beginnings

Gold Rush & Development

The Great Quake of '64

Pipeline Era

Modern Challenges: Avalanches

Natural Environment

Topographical Setting

Unique Features

Access & Terrain

Climatic Profile

Subarctic Yet Temperate

America's Snowiest City

Demographic Insights

Population Dynamics

Ethnic Composition

Socioeconomic Profile

Economic Pillars

Diverse Industries

Oil & Employment

Transportation Hub

Extreme Sports Legacy

Media & Culture

Local Media Landscape

Arts & Academia

Filming Location

Oil Terminal

Valdez Marine Terminal

Operations & Capacity

Governance

Civic Structure

Notable Figures

Prominent Individuals

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice