What are the various terms used to refer to White Hispanic and Latino Americans?

White Hispanic and Latino Americans are also known by several other terms, including Euro-Hispanics, Euro-Latinos, White Hispanics, and White Latinos.

How does the U.S. Census Bureau differentiate between race and ethnicity for Hispanic and Latino individuals?

The U.S. Census Bureau treats race and ethnicity as mutually independent categories. Ethnicity is used to distinguish individuals who report ancestral origins in Latin America and Spain (Hispanic and Latino Americans) from those who do not (non-Hispanic Americans).

How has the U.S. census classification of Mexicans evolved over time?

From 1850 to 1920, Mexicans were generally classified as white by the U.S. census. In 1930, "Mexican" was added as a racial category but was later removed due to political pressure, as it was seen as excluding mixed-race Latinos from whiteness.

When did the U.S. Census Bureau begin classifying "Latino" solely as an ethnicity separate from race?

The classification of "Latino" solely as an ethnicity, separate from race, began after 1980, following earlier attempts to categorize Hispanic origin in 1970 and 1980.

What was the U.S. Census Bureau's approach to race in the 2000 census regarding Hispanic individuals?

In the year 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau began allowing individuals to check multiple race identifiers, which impacted how Hispanic individuals reported their racial and ethnic backgrounds.

According to the 2020 U.S. Census data, how many Hispanic or Latino residents identified as white alone?

As of 2020, 12.5 million U.S. residents identified as Hispanic or Latino and also identified as white alone, representing 20.3% of the total Hispanic or Latino population.

What percentage of the total U.S. population identified as White Hispanic or Latino alone in 2020?

In 2020, White Hispanic and Latino Americans who identified as white alone constituted 3.8% of the total U.S. population.

How many Hispanic or Latino residents identified as white alone or in combination with other races in the 2020 U.S. Census?

In 2020, 31.5 million residents identified as Hispanic or Latino and reported being white alone or in combination with other races, making up 50.8% of the total Hispanic or Latino population.

Which two U.S. states had the highest populations of Hispanics who identified as white in 2020?

California and Texas were the two U.S. states with the highest populations of Hispanics who identified as white in 2020.

Which U.S. state had the highest percentage of its overall population identifying as White Hispanic in 2020?

West Virginia reported the highest percentage of its overall population identifying as White Hispanic in 2020, at 34.2%.

What are the primary languages spoken by White Hispanic and Latino Americans?

White Hispanic and Latino Americans commonly speak English and Spanish. Other languages mentioned include Portuguese, Spanglish, and Porglish.

What are the predominant religious affiliations among White Hispanic and Latino Americans?

The predominant religious affiliation is Roman Catholicism, with a significant presence of Protestantism as well.

What historical origins are cited for White Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States?

Many White Hispanic and Latino Americans trace their ancestry to original Spanish colonists who settled in areas like the "internal provinces" and Louisiana during the era of New Spain.

How did the concept of mestizaje influence racial identity among Latin American populations?

In the 20th century, mestizaje, meaning "blending," was adopted as a national identity in several Latin American countries to help reduce racial conflict, which can influence how individuals identify their race when surveyed in the U.S.

According to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey, how did U.S. Latinos identify their racial background?

A 2014 Pew Research Center survey found that one-third of U.S. Latinos identified as "mestizo," "mulatto," or another multiracial identity. Among these multiracial Latinos, about 40% reported their race as "white," 13% as "mixed race," and about 20% identified "Latino" as their race.

How did Judith Ortiz Cofer describe the variation in racial identification based on location?

Judith Ortiz Cofer observed that her racial appellation varied geographically; she was considered white in Puerto Rico but identified as a "brown person" on the U.S. mainland.

How have White Hispanic actors typically been cast in the U.S. film industry?

White Hispanic actors have frequently been cast in non-Hispanic white roles, while Hispanic characters are often portrayed by actors with olive skin, dark hair, and dark eyes.

Can you name some early actresses of Hispanic or Spanish descent in the silent film era?

Myrtle Gonzalez, who starred in 78 motion pictures between 1913 and 1917, and Anita Page, who achieved stardom in 1928, were actresses of Hispanic or Spanish descent during the silent film era.

What criticism has been leveled against telenovelas regarding racial representation?

Telenovelas (soap operas) have been criticized for not fully reflecting the racial diversity of Hispanic and Latino Americans, often underrepresenting non-white individuals in favor of those with lighter complexions, blonde hair, and blue or green eyes.

What are the common themes in White Hispanic/Latino literature originating from the San Joaquin Valley?

Literature from the San Joaquin Valley by White Hispanic/Latino authors predominantly centers on the experiences and narratives of farmworkers.

What are the primary themes in the autobiographies and poetry of white stateside Puerto Ricans and the Nuyorican Movement?

The autobiographies of white stateside Puerto Ricans and the poetry of the Nuyorican Movement frequently address socioeconomic concerns.

What percentage of Hispanics marry outside their ethnicity, and how common is intermarriage between Whites and Hispanics?

Approximately 27% of Hispanics marry outside their ethnicity. Intermarriage between non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics is the most common form of interethnic marriage in the U.S., accounting for 42% of such marriages.

What does genetic research indicate about the European admixture in White Hispanic Americans compared to non-Hispanic White Americans?

Genetic research suggests that self-identified White Hispanic Americans have an average of 73% European admixture, while non-Hispanic European Americans average 98.6% European ancestry.

How do the genetic profiles of different Latin American groups vary?

The genetic profiles of American Latinos vary significantly between groups due to unique immigration histories and demographic compositions. For example, Mexican Americans and Central Americans are often of mestizo descent, while countries like Cuba, Uruguay, and Argentina have higher proportions of white populations.

Which Latin American countries are noted for having high proportions of white populations?

Cuba (64% white), Uruguay (over 85% white), and Argentina (large majorities white) are mentioned as Latin American countries with high proportions of white populations.

What is the demographic profile of Cuban exiles who fled Castro's regime in the 1960s and 1970s?

The Cuban exiles fleeing Castro's regime during the 1960s and 1970s were described as almost entirely white, educated, and from middle or upper-class backgrounds.

Which demographic group is disproportionately represented among farmworkers in the United States, particularly in Southern Arizona?

White Hispanic/White Latino individuals are disproportionately represented among farmworkers in the United States, especially in areas like Southern Arizona, where they also form a significant part of the agricultural workforce.

How might racial classification in the U.S. affect individuals who are not tribally enrolled and do not have Black ancestry?

The text suggests that individuals identified as "Brown Latinos" might be automatically recorded as white in U.S. classifications if they are not enrolled in a native tribe and do not have Black ancestry.

What does the term mestizaje refer to in the context of Latin American identity?

Mestizaje refers to the concept of "blending" of ancestries, which has been adopted as a national identity in several Latin American countries to mitigate racial conflict.

What is the significance of the "internal provinces" and Louisiana in the history of White Hispanic and Latino Americans?

These regions were settled by Spanish colonists, and as the United States expanded westward, it annexed lands with established Spanish-speaking populations, contributing to the presence of White Hispanic and Latino Americans.

What is the term used for Spanish-speaking settlers in lands annexed by the U.S. who were sometimes exclusively of white Spanish ancestry?

These settlers are referred to as Hispanos.

How did the Mexican consul general and ambassador react to the 1930 U.S. census classification?

They protested the inclusion of "Mexican" as a racial category, arguing it unfairly excluded mixed-race Latinos from whiteness, similar to how White Latinos or Euro-Latinos were perceived.

What is the approximate percentage of U.S. adults with Hispanic ancestry who no longer identify as Hispanic, according to a 2017 Pew Research Center report?

A 2017 Pew Research Center report indicated that about 11% of U.S. adults with Hispanic ancestry (approximately 5.0 million people) no longer identify as Hispanic, attributing this trend to high intermarriage rates and declining immigration from Latin America.

How does Hispanic identity identification change across generations in the U.S.?

Hispanic identity identification tends to decrease with each succeeding generation. First-generation immigrants identify as Hispanic at very high rates (97%), with this decreasing to 92% for the second generation, 77% for the third, and 50% for the fourth generation.

What was the racial classification of Mexicans in the U.S. census between 1850 and 1920?

During the period from 1850 to 1920, Mexicans residing in the United States were generally classified as white by the U.S. census.

What is the meaning of blanqueamiento in the context of Latin American racial perceptions?

Blanqueamiento refers to a process or ideology aimed at increasing the white population, often through assimilation or perceived Europeanization, which can influence racial self-identification.

What is the term used for Latin American people of European ancestry?

The term "Euro-Latino" refers to Latin American people who are of European ancestry.

What is the significance of the term "Nuevomexicano" in relation to White Hispanic and Latino Americans?

"Nuevomexicano" refers to Hispanos of New Mexico, a group with historical roots in the Spanish colonial era in North America, many of whom identify as White Hispanic and Latino Americans.

How does the concept of race differ between Mexico and the United States, according to the text?

In Mexico, race is perceived more subtly, considering not only physical traits but also cultural dispositions, morality, economic, and intellectual status, making racial distinctions fluid and context-dependent, unlike the more rigid classifications often found in the United States.

What was the focus of the Mexican government's 1921 ethnic census, unlike racial censuses in other countries?

The 1921 Mexican census focused on the perception of cultural heritage rather than purely racial categories, offering options like "Full European heritage," "Mixed Indigenous and European heritage," and "Full Indigenous," which led some white individuals to identify with "Mixed heritage" due to cultural influences.

What percentage of the U.S. population identifies as mixed race according to the provided text?

The text states that only 2.9% of the U.S. population identifies as mixed race, though it notes that historical and cultural factors often lead individuals to identify with a single ethnicity, potentially masking biological multiracial heritage.

What is the "one-drop rule" and how might it relate to racial classification in the U.S.?

The "one-drop rule" is a social and legal principle historically used in the United States to classify any person with any known African ancestry as Black. While not explicitly detailed for White Hispanics, the text implies that similar social pressures or classifications might lead individuals to identify with a single race or ethnicity, potentially overlooking mixed heritage.

What is the "Nuyorican Movement"?

The Nuyorican Movement refers to a cultural and artistic movement primarily involving Puerto Ricans in New York City, often focusing on themes of identity, socioeconomic issues, and cultural expression through literature and other arts.

What is the approximate European admixture for Hispanic Americans overall, regardless of their self-identified race?

The average European admixture for Hispanic Americans, irrespective of their racial self-identification, is approximately 65.1%.

What is the estimated white population percentage in Mexico?

The white population in Mexico is estimated to be between 10% and 32% of its total population of 130 million.

What is the significance of the term "honorary White" in discussions of race in the United States?

The term "honorary White" suggests a social status granted to certain minority groups, particularly light-skinned Latinos, who may be perceived as closer to whiteness or granted certain privileges associated with whiteness, even if not fully classified as white by standard U.S. racial categories.

What is the primary focus of White Hispanic/Latino literature originating from the San Joaquin Valley?

Literature from the San Joaquin Valley by White Hispanic/Latino authors predominantly centers on the experiences and narratives of farmworkers.

How does intermarriage between Whites and Hispanic females compare to that of Hispanic males?

Hispanic females are slightly more likely than Hispanic males to marry white partners, with intermarriage rates between whites and Hispanics not differing significantly by gender.

What is the meaning of "blending" in the context of Latin American national identity?

The term "blending," or mestizaje, was adopted by several Latin American countries as a national identity strategy to reduce racial conflict.

What is the approximate percentage of the population in Uruguay that is white?

Over 85% of Uruguay's population is white, a proportion higher than that found in the United States or Canada.

What is the significance of the term "Euro-Latino" in relation to Latin American people?

The term "Euro-Latino" refers to Latin American people who are of European ancestry.

White Hispanic And Latino Americans Wiki: A Spectrum of Identity: White Hispanic and Latino Americans in the U.S.

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Defining Identity

A Blend of Heritage

White Hispanic and Latino Americans represent individuals who identify as white and trace their ancestry to Spain or Latin American countries. This identity is shaped by a complex interplay of European heritage and the distinct cultural landscapes of Latin America.

Race vs. Ethnicity

In the United States, the Census Bureau distinguishes between race and ethnicity. "Hispanic or Latino" is classified as an ethnicity, encompassing individuals from diverse racial backgrounds who share common cultural and linguistic ties to Latin America and Spain. This separation allows for individuals to identify as white while also being of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity.

Evolving Self-Identification

Self-identification within this group is fluid and influenced by generational shifts, intermarriage, and cultural assimilation. Research indicates that while many identify as white, a significant portion also embrace "mestizo," "mulatto," or other multiracial identities, reflecting the historical and social complexities of identity formation.

Historical Context

Census Classifications

Historically, the U.S. census has evolved in its categorization of race and ethnicity. Notably, Mexicans were often classified as white in early censuses. The introduction of "Mexican" as a racial category in 1930, and its subsequent removal, highlights the dynamic and often politically influenced nature of racial classification, particularly concerning individuals of mixed heritage.

Territorial Expansion

The westward expansion of the United States led to the annexation of lands with established Spanish-speaking populations. Many of these original settlers, particularly in areas like the Southwest, were of Spanish ancestry and were sometimes classified differently based on the prevailing racial standards of the time, influencing how their descendants are identified today.

Demographic Landscape

Population Statistics

As of recent data, millions of Americans identify as Hispanic or Latino and also as white. These figures represent a significant portion of the overall Hispanic/Latino population and the U.S. population at large, underscoring the demographic presence of this group nationwide.

According to 2020 Census data, approximately 12.5 million individuals identified as white alone and Hispanic or Latino, constituting about 20.3% of the total Hispanic/Latino population. When considering those who identified as white alone or in combination with other races, this number rises significantly, indicating a broader self-identification with white ancestry within the Hispanic/Latino community.

Geographic Distribution

White Hispanic and Latino Americans are present across the United States, with notable concentrations in states like Texas, California, Florida, and New Mexico. These regions often reflect historical settlement patterns and ongoing migration trends.

State	White Hispanic Population (2020)	% of State's Hispanic Population
Texas	3,024,768	26.4%
California	2,581,535	16.6%
Florida	1,322,458	23.2%
New Mexico	305,985	30.3%
West Virginia	11,915	34.2%

National Origins

Diverse Roots

The term "Hispanic and Latino" encompasses a wide array of national origins, each contributing unique cultural and historical threads to the identity of White Hispanic and Latino Americans. These origins span across continents, reflecting a rich mosaic of European and Latin American ancestries.

Caribbean: Including Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican ancestries.
Central American: Encompassing Mexican, Salvadoran, Guatemalan, and other Central American roots.
South American: Representing diverse populations from countries like Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and Venezuela.
European: Primarily Spanish heritage, but also including other European ancestries that have integrated into Latin American societies.

Genetic Ancestry

European Admixture

Genetic studies reveal varying degrees of European ancestry among different Hispanic and Latino groups in the United States. While self-identified White Hispanic Americans show a substantial percentage of European admixture, the specific proportions can differ significantly based on national origin and regional history, reflecting unique demographic patterns.

Employment Trends

Agricultural Workforce

Within certain regions, particularly in the agricultural sectors of the Southwest, White Hispanic and Latino Americans constitute a notable portion of the farmworker population. Many also engage in farm operations as producers or operators, contributing significantly to the agricultural economy.

Media Representation

Portrayals and Perceptions

Representation in media, particularly in television and film, has been a subject of discussion. Historically, lighter-skinned actors of Hispanic/Latino descent have sometimes been cast in roles that might be perceived as non-Hispanic white, while portrayals of Hispanic characters often adhere to specific physical stereotypes. Telenovelas, in particular, have faced criticism for not fully reflecting the racial diversity within the broader Hispanic and Latino American community.

Marriage Trends

Interethnic Marriages

Intermarriage rates between Hispanic/Latino individuals and non-Hispanic whites are significant. These unions are a common form of interethnic marriage in the United States, contributing to the evolving social and cultural landscape of both communities.

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References

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Faces of America: How 12 Extraordinary Americans Reclaimed Their Pasts (New York University Press, 2010)

Anita Page: Star of the silent screen. Independent.co.uk (September 8, 2008).

Latinas Not Reflected on Spanish TV. Vidadeoro.com (October 25, 2010).

What are Telenovelas? â Hispanic Culture. Bellaonline.com.

Skin tone consciousness in Asian and Latin American populations. Boston.com (August 19, 2004).

Corpus: A Home Movie For Selena. pbs.org.

A full list of references for this article are available at the White Hispanic and Latino Americans Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This content has been generated by an AI and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It is based on publicly available data and may not be exhaustive or entirely up-to-date. The information provided is not a substitute for professional consultation regarding cultural identity, demographics, or sociological research.

This is not professional advice. Always consult with qualified experts for specific guidance related to cultural studies, sociology, or demographic analysis.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

A Spectrum of Identity

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Defining Identity ℹ️

🤝 A Blend of Heritage

⚖️ Race vs. Ethnicity

🌐 Evolving Self-Identification

Historical Context 📜

🏛️ Census Classifications

🗺️ Territorial Expansion

Demographic Landscape 📊

🔢 Population Statistics

📍 Geographic Distribution

National Origins 🗺️

🌍 Diverse Roots

Genetic Ancestry 🧬

🔬 European Admixture

Employment Trends 💼

🚜 Agricultural Workforce

Media Representation 🎬

📺 Portrayals and Perceptions

Marriage Trends 💍

💞 Interethnic Marriages

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Defining Identity

A Blend of Heritage

Race vs. Ethnicity

Evolving Self-Identification

Historical Context

Census Classifications

Territorial Expansion

Demographic Landscape

Population Statistics

Geographic Distribution

National Origins

Diverse Roots

Genetic Ancestry

European Admixture

Employment Trends

Agricultural Workforce

Media Representation

Portrayals and Perceptions

Marriage Trends

Interethnic Marriages

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice