Who was Philip Reed and what were his primary political roles?

Philip Reed (1760 – November 2, 1829) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator representing Maryland from 1806 to 1813. He also served multiple terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Maryland's 7th congressional district from 1817 to 1819 and its 6th congressional district from 1822 to 1823. Reed was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Where and when was Philip Reed born?

Philip Reed was born in 1760 near Chestertown, in the Province of Maryland, which was then part of British America. This means he was born before the United States declared independence.

What military service did Philip Reed perform during the American Revolutionary War?

Philip Reed completed preparatory studies and served with the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He achieved the rank of captain of infantry and participated in significant engagements such as the Battle of Stony Point in 1779.

What notable, albeit grim, anecdote is associated with Philip Reed's service at the Battle of Stony Point?

During his service at the Battle of Stony Point in 1779, Philip Reed attested to having cut off the head of an American deserter. This act was intended to be displayed to the troops as a severe deterrent against desertion.

Was Philip Reed wounded during the American Revolutionary War?

Yes, Philip Reed was seriously wounded during the American Revolutionary War at the Battle of Camden in 1780.

What other public offices did Philip Reed hold before becoming a U.S. Senator?

Before his tenure as a U.S. Senator, Philip Reed served in several other capacities. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1787, the sheriff of Kent County, Maryland, from 1791 to 1794, and a member of the executive council of Maryland from 1805 to 1806.

When did Philip Reed first enter the United States Senate, and what position did he fill?

Philip Reed was elected to the United States Senate in 1806 to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Robert Wright. He began his service on November 25, 1806.

For how long did Philip Reed serve as a U.S. Senator, and when was he reelected?

Philip Reed served as a U.S. Senator from November 25, 1806, until March 3, 1813. He was reelected to the Senate in the same year he was first elected, 1806, indicating continued support for his position.

What was Philip Reed's stance on the declaration of war in the War of 1812?

Philip Reed voted against the declaration of war on Britain on June 17, 1812, which marked the beginning of the War of 1812. Despite this vote, he actively served in the military during the conflict.

Describe the incident where Philip Reed and his neighbors ambushed British barges at Worton Creek.

On July 10, 1814, Philip Reed observed four British landing barges entering Worton Creek. Expecting an attack, he gathered twenty-nine neighbors armed with duck guns and muskets, ambushing the barges. The British reportedly suffered 20 killed or wounded and retreated, marking a victory for Reed and his militia.

What was the significance of the Battle of Caulk's Field in August 1814?

The Battle of Caulk's Field was a significant defensive action where Lieutenant Colonel Philip Reed led the American militia against a British force. The battle resulted in a successful defense for the Americans and the death of the British commander, Peter Parker.

Who commanded the British forces at the Battle of Caulk's Field?

The British forces at the Battle of Caulk's Field were led by Sir Peter Parker, who was a naval officer. He was wounded during the battle and subsequently died from his injuries.

What were the estimated sizes of the opposing forces at the Battle of Caulk's Field?

Estimates for the British force at Caulk's Field vary, with figures ranging from 124 to 250 men, including sailors and Royal Marines. The American militia, commanded by Philip Reed, numbered around 200 men.

How did the American militia prepare for and execute their defense at the Battle of Caulk's Field?

The American militia, numbering about 200, were better prepared due to misleading guides who delayed the British advance. They utilized skirmishers concealed behind trees, a main line with cannons positioned on high ground, riflemen in the woods, and cavalry in the rear. The full moon aided their accurate fire.

What were the casualty figures for both sides at the Battle of Caulk's Field?

At the Battle of Caulk's Field, American casualties were minimal, with only three wounded. The British suffered significantly more, with reported casualties totaling 41, in addition to the death of their commander, Peter Parker.

After his Senate term, in which U.S. House of Representatives term did Philip Reed serve?

Following his service in the U.S. Senate, Philip Reed was elected to the House of Representatives for the Fifteenth Congress, serving from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819.

How did Philip Reed serve in the House of Representatives during the Seventeenth Congress?

Philip Reed served in the House of Representatives during the Seventeenth Congress from March 19, 1822, to March 3, 1823. He successfully contested the election of Jeremiah Cosden for this seat.

Was Philip Reed's return to the House of Representatives in the Seventeenth Congress straightforward?

No, it was not entirely straightforward. Philip Reed was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1818 for the Sixteenth Congress. However, he later successfully contested the election of Jeremiah Cosden, which allowed him to serve the remainder of the term in the Seventeenth Congress.

What role did Philip Reed play in the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati?

In 1828, Philip Reed served as the vice president of the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati. This society was a fraternal organization for officers of the Continental Army and Navy who served in the American Revolutionary War.

When and where did Philip Reed die, and where is he buried?

Philip Reed died on November 2, 1829, in Huntingtown, Maryland. He is interred in the cemetery of Christ Church, located near Chestertown, Maryland.

What political party did Philip Reed belong to?

Philip Reed belonged to the Democratic-Republican Party, a prominent political party in the early years of the United States.

Who preceded Philip Reed in the U.S. Senate representing Maryland?

Robert Wright preceded Philip Reed in the U.S. Senate representing Maryland. Reed was elected to fill the vacancy caused by Wright's resignation.

Who succeeded Philip Reed in the U.S. Senate representing Maryland?

Robert Henry Goldsborough succeeded Philip Reed in the U.S. Senate representing Maryland, taking office after Reed's term ended on March 4, 1813.

Who preceded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 7th district?

Robert Wright preceded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 7th congressional district.

Who succeeded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 7th district?

Stevenson Archer succeeded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 7th congressional district after Reed's term ended on March 3, 1819.

Who preceded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 6th district?

Jeremiah Cosden preceded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 6th congressional district. Reed successfully contested Cosden's election to serve the subsequent term.

Who succeeded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 6th district?

George Edward Mitchell succeeded Philip Reed in the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 6th congressional district after Reed's term concluded on March 3, 1823.

What was the approximate age of Philip Reed at the time of his death?

Philip Reed died in 1829 at the age of 68 or 69, as he was born in 1760.

What is mentioned in the 'See also' section of the provided text?

The 'See also' section lists the Titles of Nobility Amendment. This is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would prevent Congress from granting titles of nobility.

What specific military action involved Philip Reed and his neighbors ambushing British barges on July 10, 1814?

The specific military action was an ambush of four British landing barges by Philip Reed and twenty-nine of his neighbors on Worton Creek. This engagement resulted in significant British casualties and their retreat.

What role did guides play in the American preparations for the Battle of Caulk's Field?

Guides, possibly individuals who had been subjected to impressment (forced military service), misled the British column advancing towards the American position. This delay allowed the American militia, under Philip Reed's command, to be better prepared for the assault.

How did the terrain and lighting conditions benefit the American defenders at the Battle of Caulk's Field?

The American militia held the high ground, providing a tactical advantage. Additionally, the battle occurred at night, and the light from a full moon exposed the advancing British soldiers, allowing the Americans to target them more effectively with their firearms and cannons.

What was the outcome for the British commander, Peter Parker, at the Battle of Caulk's Field?

During the Battle of Caulk's Field, British Lieutenant Peter Parker was wounded in the thigh. He subsequently bled to death, leading to the British forces falling back.

What is the significance of the portrait of Philip Reed mentioned in the infobox?

The infobox includes a portrait of Philip Reed, identified as 'Philip Reed portrait.png'. This image serves as a visual representation of the historical figure discussed in the text.

What does the infobox indicate about Philip Reed's service in the U.S. House of Representatives regarding specific districts?

The infobox indicates that Philip Reed served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Maryland's 7th congressional district from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819, and later represented Maryland's 6th congressional district from March 19, 1822, to March 3, 1823.

Philip Reed Politician Wiki: Philip Reed: Architect of Early American Resilience

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Biographical Foundation

Personal Overview

Philip Reed (1760 – November 2, 1829) was a distinguished figure in the early United States, serving as a United States Senator representing Maryland. Born near Chestertown in the Province of Maryland, Reed's life spanned a critical period of national formation and conflict.

Political Affiliation

Throughout his public service, Reed was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. This party, influential in the early republic, advocated for states' rights, an agrarian economy, and limited federal power, shaping much of the political discourse of the era.

Lifespan and Demise

Reed lived from 1760 until November 2, 1829, reaching the age of approximately 68 or 69. He passed away in Huntingtown, Maryland, leaving a legacy of service across military and legislative branches.

Key Public Offices Held

United States Senator

Maryland
November 25, 1806 – March 3, 1813

Preceded by: Robert Wright
Succeeded by: Robert H. Goldsborough

U.S. House of Representatives

Maryland's 7th District
March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819

Preceded by: Robert Wright
Succeeded by: Stevenson Archer

U.S. House of Representatives

Maryland's 6th District
March 19, 1822 – March 3, 1823

Preceded by: Jeremiah Cosden
Succeeded by: George Edward Mitchell

Founding Era Service

Continental Army Service

Reed's commitment to the nascent nation began during the American Revolutionary War. He served with distinction in the Continental Army, achieving the rank of Captain of Infantry. His military career included participation in significant engagements.

Key Engagements

Reed demonstrated bravery at the Battle of Stony Point in 1779. He was also severely wounded during the Battle of Camden in 1780, underscoring the personal sacrifices made by those fighting for independence. A notable, albeit grim, account from this period involves his role in enforcing military discipline by displaying the head of a deserter as a deterrent.

Early Political Roles

Following his military service, Reed transitioned into public office. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates in 1787 and held the position of Sheriff of Kent County, Maryland, from 1791 to 1794. He further contributed as a member of the executive council of Maryland from 1805 to 1806.

Defender in the War of 1812

Militia Command

During the War of 1812, Reed served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Twenty-first Regiment of the Maryland Militia. Although he had voted against the declaration of war on Great Britain, he actively participated in defending Maryland's shores.

Worton Creek Ambush

On July 10, 1814, Reed's vigilance and leadership were evident when he observed four British barges entering Worton Creek. Gathering twenty-nine neighbors armed with muskets and duck guns, he organized an effective ambush. This engagement resulted in significant British casualties, forcing their retreat and highlighting the effectiveness of local militia tactics.

Upon spotting the approaching British barges, Lieutenant Colonel Philip Reed swiftly mobilized local civilian fighters. Armed with readily available firearms, Reed and his contingent positioned themselves strategically. As the barges navigated Worton Creek, the militia launched a surprise attack, inflicting substantial losses on the enemy force and compelling them to withdraw. This decisive action prevented a potential incursion into the local territory.

Battle of Caulk's Field

Reed led a crucial defense at the Battle of Caulk's Field in August 1814. Facing a British force comprising Royal Navy sailors and Royal Marines, Reed's approximately 200 militiamen were strategically positioned. Exploiting the terrain and the light of a full moon, the American forces inflicted heavy casualties on the advancing British, including the mortification of their commander, Lieutenant Peter Parker, who was fatally wounded. The American militia sustained minimal casualties, securing a significant victory.

The Battle of Caulk's Field saw Lieutenant Colonel Philip Reed commanding the American militia against a British landing party. Misled by local guides, the British advanced into a prepared American position. Concealed skirmishers opened fire, followed by coordinated volleys from the main line, which included artillery. The Americans held the advantageous high ground. Despite a brief British incursion, the superior American positioning and firepower, particularly during the night engagement illuminated by the moon, proved decisive. The British ultimately retreated after suffering significant losses, including the death of their commander, Lieutenant Parker. American casualties were remarkably low, with only three reported wounded.

Enduring Contributions

Society of the Cincinnati

Reed maintained connections with his fellow Revolutionary War officers, serving as the vice president of the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati in 1828. This society, founded by officers of the Continental Army, aimed to preserve the ideals and friendships forged during the war.

Final Resting Place

Philip Reed is interred in the cemetery of Christ Church, located near his birthplace in Chestertown, Maryland. His final resting place serves as a quiet testament to his long service to the state and nation.

Scholarly References

Letter of Philip Reed to Noah's Register, 1828, defending Gen. Andrew Jackson's execution of deserters.
Hemstock, Kevin. "The Battle of Caulk's Field in Kent County". Kent County, Maryland. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
Minami, Wayde (August 31, 2012). "Guardsmen, Royal Marines Recall 1812 War Dead at Caulk's Field". news.maryland.gov. Maryland National Guard. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
Elting, John R. (1995). Amateurs, To Arms! A Military History of the War of 1812 (1st Da Capo ed.). New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80653-3.
Hickey, Donald R. (2012). The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07837-8.
Sharpe, Katherine (September–October 2013). "Battlefield: 1814". Archaeology Magazine. 66 (5). Archaeological Institute of America: 42–45. ISSN 0003-8113.
United States Congress. "Philip Reed (id: R000125)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

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References

Letter of Philip Reed to Noah's Register, 1828, defending Gen. Andrew Jackson's execution of deserters.

"The War of 1812: A Complete Chronology with Biographies of 63 General Officers" by Bud Hannings Pages.240.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Philip Reed (politician) Wikipedia page

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This document has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence, drawing upon historical data and academic sources. It is intended for educational and research purposes for advanced students. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, the information is based on a snapshot of available data and may not encompass all nuances or recent scholarship.

This is not professional historical or political advice. The content provided should not substitute for rigorous academic research, consultation with subject matter experts, or primary source analysis. Users are encouraged to consult original documents and scholarly works for comprehensive understanding.

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Philip Reed: Architect of Early American Resilience

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Biographical Foundation 📜

👤 Personal Overview

🏛️ Political Affiliation

⏳ Lifespan and Demise

Key Public Offices Held 🏛️

🇺🇸 United States Senator

🇺🇸 U.S. House of Representatives

🇺🇸 U.S. House of Representatives

Founding Era Service 🎖️

⚔️ Continental Army Service

🔥 Key Engagements

⚖️ Early Political Roles

Defender in the War of 1812 🛡️

🇺🇸 Militia Command

🌊 Worton Creek Ambush

💥 Battle of Caulk's Field

Enduring Contributions 🌟

🏅 Society of the Cincinnati

⚰️ Final Resting Place

Scholarly References 📚

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📜 References

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Academic Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Biographical Foundation

Personal Overview

Political Affiliation

Lifespan and Demise

Key Public Offices Held

United States Senator

U.S. House of Representatives

U.S. House of Representatives

Founding Era Service

Continental Army Service

Key Engagements

Early Political Roles

Defender in the War of 1812

Militia Command

Worton Creek Ambush

Battle of Caulk's Field

Enduring Contributions

Society of the Cincinnati

Final Resting Place

Scholarly References

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice