What is Xinwen Lianbo and who produces it?

Xinwen Lianbo is a daily Chinese news television program produced by the state-owned broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV).

When did Xinwen Lianbo begin broadcasting, and what is its significance in terms of viewership?

Xinwen Lianbo has been broadcast since January 1, 1978, and is recognized as one of the most-watched television programs globally due to its simultaneous broadcast across mainland China.

What is the primary function of Xinwen Lianbo for the Chinese state?

The program serves as a key medium for the state to disseminate government announcements, policy commentaries, and information about national leaders' activities, reflecting the official stance of the Chinese Communist Party.

What criticisms have been directed at Xinwen Lianbo regarding its content and neutrality?

Xinwen Lianbo has faced criticism, both domestically and internationally, for its perceived lack of neutrality and for prioritizing the divulgence of the Chinese Communist Party's political agenda over the examination of significant daily news events.

What are some of the different English translations or interpretations of the name Xinwen Lianbo?

While there isn't a single standard English translation for Xinwen Lianbo, common interpretations include "Evening News," "Network News Broadcast," and "news hook-up."

What does the Chinese name Xinwen Lianbo literally mean, and how does this relate to its distribution?

The name Xinwen Lianbo translates literally to "News Simulcast" or "joint broadcast," reflecting the program's simultaneous broadcast across all provincial and municipal television stations in China.

How does Xinwen Lianbo ensure that audiences across China can watch the program?

The program's distribution strategy ensures nationwide viewership by being broadcast simultaneously on the flagship channels of all provincial and municipal television stations, accessible via terrestrial television. Additionally, provincial stations contribute news reports and features through their own correspondents.

Can Xinwen Lianbo be viewed in minority languages, and if so, what is an example?

Yes, Xinwen Lianbo is translated into minority languages. For instance, a Korean version, titled "Domestic and Foreign News," is broadcast in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province.

What is the typical length of a Xinwen Lianbo broadcast, and how can it be extended?

A typical Xinwen Lianbo broadcast lasts about thirty minutes, but this duration can be extended if circumstances require it, as seen in 1997 when the broadcast was extended for over a week following the death of Deng Xiaoping.

Describe the visual presentation of the anchors and the overall tone of the delivery in Xinwen Lianbo.

Anchors are typically shown seated with a view of the control room behind them. The program consistently uses formal and flowery Mandarin, delivered in a stilted manner without humor or casual conversation, a style that has remained largely unchanged for decades.

What significant changes were introduced to Xinwen Lianbo's format around January 2013?

Before January 2013, Xinwen Lianbo did not feature "two-way" segments (anchor-reporter dialogue) or live reports. The program introduced its first live report on January 26, 2013.

When did Xinwen Lianbo begin using Vizrt-powered graphics, and how long has its opening sequence remained consistent?

Vizrt-powered graphics were implemented starting with the September 25, 2011 newscast, and the program's opening titles and theme music have remained largely the same since 1988.

What factors contribute to Xinwen Lianbo being considered one of the world's most-watched news programs?

Xinwen Lianbo's extensive distribution system, which ensures it is broadcast across all major television stations in mainland China, contributes to its status as one of the world's most-watched news programs, with estimates suggesting up to 135 million daily viewers.

How does the audience size of Xinwen Lianbo compare to that of the highest-rated US news shows?

In 2006, The Wall Street Journal estimated that Xinwen Lianbo's audience was fourteen times larger than that of the highest-rated news program in the United States.

Which CCTV channels and other stations broadcast Xinwen Lianbo simultaneously at its initial 19:00 UTC+8 broadcast time?

The initial 19:00 UTC+8 broadcast of Xinwen Lianbo is aired simultaneously on CCTV-1, CCTV-7, and CCTV-13, along with the primary channels of provincial and municipal stations, and selected radio stations nationwide.

What are the typical rerun times for Xinwen Lianbo on different CCTV channels?

CCTV-13 typically reruns Xinwen Lianbo at 9:00 pm CST. CCTV-4 airs it at a later time, and CCTV-1 reruns it around 5:00 am CST the following day. Additionally, versions in selected minority languages are broadcast later for specific regions.

When did Xinwen Lianbo transition to a 16:9 high definition format?

Xinwen Lianbo transitioned to a 16:9 high definition format on July 18, 2020.

What was the precursor to Xinwen Lianbo, and when did it begin?

The prototype for Xinwen Lianbo was the "News Bulletin," which began airing on Sundays from 18:50 to 19:00 on Beijing Television, China's first TV station, starting May 1, 1958.

What proposal was made at the 1976 National Conference of Television Journalists regarding national news programming?

At the National Conference of Television Journalists in March 1976, a proposal was put forth to consolidate the resources of national television stations to create a unified national news television program.

When was the first broadcast of the "National Television News Network," and who received its signal?

The "National Television News Network" was first broadcast by Beijing Television on July 1, 1976, with its signal transmitted to over ten provincial-level television stations connected by a microwave trunk line.

How many news presenters typically host Xinwen Lianbo, and who were the main anchors between 1989 and 2006?

Xinwen Lianbo is typically presented by two anchors, usually a male and a female. The primary newscasters from 1989 to 2006 were Xing Zhibin and Luo Jing.

Who were introduced as younger newscasters on June 5, 2006?

On June 5, 2006, Li Zimeng and Kang Hui were introduced as younger newscasters for the program.

What specific event led to the dismissal of anchors Du Xian and Xue Fei?

Anchors Du Xian and Xue Fei were removed from their positions after they reportedly expressed sadness regarding the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, with Xue Fei noted for wearing black and slowing his delivery.

According to the text, what are the primary criteria that determine the order of news items in Xinwen Lianbo?

The running order of Xinwen Lianbo is determined by the socio-political importance of the individuals or groups involved, rather than conventional news values. Consequently, the activities of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party are typically reported first, followed by members of the Politburo Standing Committee according to their rank.

How does Xinwen Lianbo visually represent the hierarchy of power within the Chinese Communist Party leadership?

The program visually represents the hierarchy of power by panning across the Politburo Standing Committee during coverage of significant events and speeches. Additionally, the amount of camera time allocated to each leader is carefully regulated by the party propaganda department, indicating their relative standing.

What is Zhan Jiang's three-phrase summary of Xinwen Lianbo's typical content?

Zhan Jiang, a professor at China Youth University for Political Sciences, summarized the typical content of Xinwen Lianbo with the phrase: "The leaders are busy, the motherland is developing rapidly, other countries are in chaos."

How does Xinwen Lianbo function as a signaling mechanism for policy and personnel changes?

Xinwen Lianbo serves as a mechanism to signal shifts and continuities in government policy and personnel. For example, new policies have been introduced through special features, such as the promotion of the "Three Represents" ideology using the "model cadre" concept in 2002.

What was the consequence of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests coverage on Xinwen Lianbo's anchors?

During the coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, longtime anchors Du Xian and Xue Fei were dismissed from their roles after reportedly wearing black and delivering the news at a slower pace than usual.

Who are identified as the main viewers of Xinwen Lianbo in the context of its declining popularity?

According to Edward Cody of the Washington Post, the primary audience for Xinwen Lianbo, especially in light of its declining popularity among the general public, consists of government and party officials, particularly those in the provinces, and businesspeople seeking to stay informed about policies affecting their commercial interests.

Despite commercial pressures on other CCTV programs, how does Xinwen Lianbo generate revenue?

Although Xinwen Lianbo does not feature commercials during its broadcast, it is a significant revenue generator for CCTV. Advertising slots immediately following the program have been sold for substantial amounts, with a five-second slot before 7 pm in 2003 valued at 24 million RMB, representing approximately 7% of CCTV's annual advertising revenue.

What factors contributed to the reported decline in Xinwen Lianbo's audience share before 1998?

According to China Daily, interest in Xinwen Lianbo declined significantly, dropping from a 40% audience share before 1998 to 10% afterward. This decrease was partly attributed to the program's focus on reporting official government announcements, which viewers found uninteresting.

What changes were implemented in Xinwen Lianbo after June 20, 2009, to address declining viewership?

Following June 20, 2009, Xinwen Lianbo shifted its focus to include more critical reporting and human-interest stories in an effort to regain audience interest.

What is the typical broadcast schedule for Xinwen Lianbo on CCTV-1, CCTV-13, and CCTV-7?

Xinwen Lianbo is broadcast live daily from 19:00 to 19:30 CST on CCTV-1 (the free-to-air channel), CCTV-13 (the news channel), and CCTV-7 (the national defense and military channel).

What was the subject of the controversial "Very erotic very violent" report aired on December 27, 2007?

On December 27, 2007, Xinwen Lianbo broadcast a report concerning the prevalence of explicit content online, urging legislative action to "purify the internet." During the report, a student described a pop-up advertisement as "very erotic very violent."

How did internet users react to the "Very erotic very violent" report?

Following the broadcast, internet users created numerous parodies that mocked the student's comment and, to some extent, questioned CCTV's credibility.

What was the nature of the footage used in the January 23, 2011, broadcast concerning the Chengdu J-10?

On January 23, 2011, Xinwen Lianbo aired a brief clip, purportedly showing a Chengdu J-10 fighter jet firing a missile that destroyed a target aircraft identified as a US F-5E fighter jet. However, the footage was later revealed to be taken from the 1986 American film Top Gun.

What is the literal translation of Xinwen Lianbo, and what does it signify?

The literal translation of Xinwen Lianbo is "News Simulcast" or "joint broadcast," which signifies that the program is broadcast simultaneously across numerous television stations throughout China.

What was the purpose of the "News Bulletin" broadcast by Beijing Television starting in 1958?

The "News Bulletin," broadcast by Beijing Television from 1958, aimed to cover significant domestic political news, social developments, and highlight exemplary individuals, serving as an early precursor to the later national news network.

What specific criticism was leveled against the Chengdu J-10 footage aired in 2011?

The broadcast on January 23, 2011, faced criticism because the footage purportedly showing a Chengdu J-10 firing a missile was identified as being taken from the 1986 film Top Gun, rather than being authentic military footage.

What is the stated purpose of the simultaneous broadcast of Xinwen Lianbo across China?

The simultaneous broadcast of Xinwen Lianbo across all provincial and municipal television stations is intended to guarantee that audiences throughout the country can access the program via terrestrial television.

How has the content of Xinwen Lianbo evolved since June 20, 2009?

Since June 20, 2009, Xinwen Lianbo has incorporated more critical reporting and human-interest stories into its programming.

What is the significance of the "news hook-up" translation for Xinwen Lianbo?

The translation "news hook-up" provided by an Oxford dictionary suggests a connection or linkage of news content, potentially alluding to the program's simulcast nature or its role in connecting various news sources.

What role do provincial TV stations play in providing content for Xinwen Lianbo?

Provincial TV stations are obligated to contribute news reports and features from their regions to Xinwen Lianbo, utilizing their network of correspondents and reporters.

What was the context of the extended broadcast of Xinwen Lianbo in 1997?

In 1997, the death of Deng Xiaoping prompted an extension of the Xinwen Lianbo broadcast beyond its usual duration, continuing for more than a week to cover the event.

What is the significance of the Politburo Standing Committee's mention in Xinwen Lianbo?

The mention of the Politburo Standing Committee members in Xinwen Lianbo, typically following the General Secretary and presented in rank order, serves to visually reinforce the hierarchy and political importance within the Chinese Communist Party leadership.

What is the typical duration of a Xinwen Lianbo broadcast, and how has it been adjusted in exceptional circumstances?

A typical Xinwen Lianbo broadcast lasts approximately thirty minutes. However, in special circumstances, such as the death of Deng Xiaoping in 1997, the broadcast duration has been extended beyond the usual time.

When did Xinwen Lianbo implement Vizrt-powered graphics, and how long has its opening sequence remained substantially unchanged?

Vizrt-powered graphics were implemented starting with the September 25, 2011 newscast. The program's opening titles and music had been substantially unchanged since 1988 as of 2020.

What is the primary purpose of the simultaneous broadcast of Xinwen Lianbo across mainland China?

The simultaneous broadcast of Xinwen Lianbo across all provincial and municipal television stations ensures that audiences throughout the country can watch the program via terrestrial television, fulfilling its role as a national news simulcast.

What was the nature of the criticism regarding Xinwen Lianbo's focus on party and state leaders?

Xinwen Lianbo has been criticized for its formulaic presentation, its heavy focus on the activities of party and state leaders, and a perceived lack of critical analysis in its reporting.

How does Xinwen Lianbo function as a communication tool for the Chinese Communist Party at the mass level?

As the news source with the widest reach among China's large population, Xinwen Lianbo provides the Communist Party with a significant opportunity to influence the masses, traditionally being a "national ritual at the family dinner table."

What specific event led to the dismissal of anchors Du Xian and Xue Fei from Xinwen Lianbo?

Anchors Du Xian and Xue Fei were dismissed after expressing sadness regarding the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, with Xue Fei noted for wearing black and slowing his delivery during the broadcast.

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Understanding Xinwen Lianbo

Core Identity

Xinwen Lianbo (新闻联播), translating to "News Simulcast," is the flagship daily news television program produced by China Central Television (CCTV). Broadcast simultaneously across mainland China, it holds the distinction of being one of the world's most-watched programs since its inception on January 1, 1978. Its primary function is to disseminate official government announcements, policy commentaries, and the activities of national leaders, reflecting the positions of the Chinese Communist Party.

Language and Tone

The program is consistently presented in Mandarin Chinese, adhering to official language policies. The delivery is characterized by a formal and often elaborate style, eschewing informal "happy talk" or humor. This linguistic approach underscores the program's role as a serious conduit for state messaging.

Format and Duration

Typically a thirty-minute bulletin, Xinwen Lianbo begins with headlines followed by detailed reports. In exceptional circumstances, such as significant national events like the passing of Deng Xiaoping, the broadcast duration has been extended. The visual presentation, including opening titles and theme music, has remained largely consistent since 1988, emphasizing stability and tradition.

Historical Trajectory

Genesis and Evolution

The program's roots trace back to Beijing Television's "News Bulletin" in 1958. A significant precursor was the "National Television News Network" broadcast in 1976. The formal launch of Xinwen Lianbo on January 1, 1978, marked a pivotal moment in state media consolidation. The program has undergone gradual technical advancements, such as the transition to 16:9 high definition in 2020, while maintaining its core format.

Distribution Network

The "simulcast" aspect is central to its identity. Xinwen Lianbo is broadcast simultaneously on CCTV-1, CCTV-7, and CCTV-13, and is carried by the primary channels of virtually all provincial and municipal television stations across mainland China. This extensive network ensures a vast potential audience, estimated by some calculations to reach up to 135 million viewers daily, solidifying its position as one of the most widely consumed news programs globally.

Live Broadcast (UTC+8):

CCTV-1, CCTV-13, CCTV-7: Daily at 19:00-19:30 CST.

Reruns:

CCTV-4: Next Day at 22:30-23:00 (Asia), 03:00-03:30 (Europe), 05:30-06:00 (America) CST.
CCTV-13: Daily at 21:00-21:30 CST.
CCTV-1: Next Day at 05:00-05:30 CST.

International Versions:

Japan (CCTVDaifu): Daily at 20:00-20:30 JST (19:00-19:30 CST).

The Face of Authority: Presenters

Dual Anchors

Xinwen Lianbo traditionally features two news presenters, typically a male and a female anchor, who maintain a formal demeanor throughout the broadcast. This pairing aims to convey a sense of balance and official gravitas.

Notable Figures

The program has seen prominent anchors over the decades. From 1989 to 2006, Xing Zhibin and Luo Jing were mainstays, supported by a team of four others. In 2006, younger anchors Li Zimeng and Kang Hui were introduced, signaling a generational shift. Current presenters include Bao Xiaofeng, Gang Qiang, Pan Tao, Yan Yuxin, Wang Yinqi, Zheng Li, and Li Zimeng.

Former Presenters: Du Xian, Guo Zhijian, Hai Xia, Kang Hui, Lang Yongchun, Li Ruiying, Li Xiuping, Luo Jing (deceased), Ouyang Xiadan, Xing Zhibin, Xue Fei, Wang Ning, Zhang Hongmin.

Notably, Du Xian and Xue Fei were removed from their positions following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, reportedly for expressing sadness during their broadcast.

Political Significance

The Party's Voice

Xinwen Lianbo functions as a primary instrument for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to communicate its agenda and ideology. Its news values are dictated by political hierarchy rather than conventional journalistic metrics. The activities of the General Secretary of the CCP and Politburo Standing Committee members are consistently prioritized, often appearing first in the broadcast, followed by official policy announcements and commentaries.

Communication Strategy

The program serves a dual purpose: influencing the masses through its extensive reach and signaling policy shifts or personnel changes to elites. Its content often follows a predictable pattern, summarized as "The leaders are busy, the motherland is developing rapidly, other countries are in chaos." This framing reinforces a narrative of national progress and stability.

Coded Communication

The careful ordering and duration of coverage for Politburo members are interpreted as indicators of their relative power and influence within the party structure. This reliance on coded communication highlights the program's role in internal political signaling, where missteps can have significant consequences, as evidenced by the dismissal of anchors Du Xian and Xue Fei.

Audience and Reach

Declining Popularity

Despite its mandated viewership and extensive distribution, Xinwen Lianbo has experienced declining popularity among the general populace. Reports suggest a significant drop in audience share, with interest waning due to its heavy focus on official government announcements and predictable format. The primary audience is now often characterized as government and party officials, particularly in the provinces, and business professionals seeking to understand policy implications.

Commercial Value

While direct commercials are absent during the program, the advertising slots immediately following Xinwen Lianbo command exceptionally high prices, indicating its perceived value among advertisers seeking access to its influential demographic. This commercial aspect underscores its importance as a platform, even as its broader appeal diminishes.

Notable Incidents

"Very Erotic Very Violent"

In December 2007, a report on internet content featured a student describing a pop-up advertisement as "very erotic very violent." This statement became a viral sensation online, spawning numerous parodies and critiques of CCTV's credibility and journalistic standards. The incident highlighted the disconnect between official messaging and public perception, and led to the identification of the interviewed student.

Top Gun Footage

A more recent controversy occurred in January 2011 when footage of a Chengdu J-10 fighter jet firing a missile was broadcast. Investigations revealed the clip was lifted directly from the 1986 American film Top Gun, depicting the destruction of an F-5E fighter jet. This incident further fueled criticism regarding the program's sourcing and authenticity.

References

Source Material

The information presented on this page is derived from the cited sources, primarily the Wikipedia article on Xinwen Lianbo. These references provide the foundation for understanding the program's multifaceted nature.

Jason Dean and Geoffrey A.Fowler (9 June 2006). "Two Youthful Anchors Give China's TV News A Jolt of Personality". Wall Street Journal.
Edward Cody (23 March 2007). "In a Changing China, News Show Thrives With Timeworn Ways". Washington Post. p. A01.
Manser, Martin H. (1999). Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary (New ed.). Oxford University Press/Commercial Press.
Guangzhou Daily (22 January 2016). "Why \"Xinwen Lianbo\" must simulcast on 7pm?". Archived from the original on 11 March 2016.
North Korea Tech (22 July 2021). "Korean-language broadcasting in China".
Duowei (passim).
CCTV (4 September 2007). "- YouTube" (in Chinese). via Duowei and Youtube.
via 6rooms (1991). "1991年的新闻联播" (Flash).
CCTV (18 July 2020). "Xinwen Lianbo" for 18 July 2020 (YouTube) (in Chinese).
Voice of America (China) (4 June 2018). "北京避谈1989年天安门屠杀纪念日".
CCTV (9 August 2007). "- YouTube" (in Chinese). via Duowei and Youtube.
CCTV (7 June 2007). "- YouTube" (in Chinese). via Duowei via YouTube.
Zhu, Ying (2009). TV China. Indiana University Press.
Zhan, Jiang (5 August 2009). "展江：轻松和包裝不是央視新聞的出路". Yangtze Commercial Times via People's Daily.
The Economist (6 February 2016). "No news is bad news".
Tsai, Wen-Hsuan; Liao, Xingmiu (8 June 2020). "A Mechanism of Coded Communication: Xinwen Lianbo and CCP Politics". Modern China. 47 (5): 569–597.
Note that the station's Chinese name translates as "Eastern TV" or "Oriental TV". It is the flagship station of the Shanghai Media Group.
Zhao Yuan (3 December 2003). "Ads Tender Reflects Booming Economy". CCTV.
China Daily (June 10, 2009). "CCTV to revamp flagship news program".
Officers of State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (7 January 2008). "广电总员：对互联网的管理是为了其大发展".
People's Daily Online (7 January 2008). "女生上\"新闻联播\"称网页很黄很暴力".
Yangtze Evening News (7 January 2008). "Kuso events caused by “very erotic very violent”".
New Express (7 January 2008). "Interviewed girl got kusoed who said internet is very erotic very violent".
Nings.cn (7 January 2008). "10 very erotic very violent websites".
Tencent (8 January 2008). "guess who's the real body of very erotic very violent according to the primary student".
Tencent (9 January 2008). "TOP 8 VERY EROTIC VERY VIOLENT SPORTS EVENTS".
Yangcheng Evening News Online (7 January 2008). "A primary school girl: webpages are very erotic very violent".
Wall Street Journal (28 January 2011). "CCTV Tries to Pass Off 'Top Gun' Clip as Real?".
Sinchew.com (Archived 21 July 2011). "中國‧殲10“射中”F5戰機？‧央視畫面疑造假".
Chinatown.com.au (Archived July 6, 2011). "央視疑用美國電影畫面".
Sina.com (Archived February 2, 2011). "央視新聞疑用美國電影畫面".

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References

. Note that the station's Chinese name translates as "Eastern TV" or "Oriental TV". It is the flagship station of the Shanghai Media Group.

Dean and Fowler, op.cit. CCTV commercial spots have sold through a complex auction process, so this is likely to be an estimate.

CCTV to revamp flagship news program, China Daily, June 10, 2009

A full list of references for this article are available at the Xinwen Lianbo Wikipedia page

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Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence for educational and informational purposes, drawing content from publicly available data, primarily the Wikipedia article on Xinwen Lianbo. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, this content is not exhaustive and may not reflect the most current information or nuances.

This is not an official publication or endorsement. The information provided does not constitute official Chinese government communication, nor does it represent an endorsement of any political stance or ideology. It is intended for academic study and critical analysis by higher education students.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors, omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein. Users are encouraged to consult primary sources and diverse perspectives for a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

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Understanding Xinwen Lianbo 📰

📺 Core Identity

🗣️ Language and Tone

⏱️ Format and Duration

Historical Trajectory ⏳

📜 Genesis and Evolution

🌐 Distribution Network

The Face of Authority: Presenters 🧑‍💼

👥 Dual Anchors

⭐ Notable Figures

Political Significance 🏛️

📢 The Party's Voice

🎯 Communication Strategy

⚖️ Coded Communication

Audience and Reach 👥

📈 Declining Popularity

💰 Commercial Value

Notable Incidents ⚠️

😂 "Very Erotic Very Violent"

🎬 Top Gun Footage

References 📚

🔗 Source Material

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Understanding Xinwen Lianbo

Core Identity

Language and Tone

Format and Duration

Historical Trajectory

Genesis and Evolution

Distribution Network

The Face of Authority: Presenters

Dual Anchors

Notable Figures

Political Significance

The Party's Voice

Communication Strategy

Coded Communication

Audience and Reach

Declining Popularity

Commercial Value

Notable Incidents

"Very Erotic Very Violent"

Top Gun Footage

References

Source Material

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice