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Carol Gilligan is primarily known for her work in physics and theoretical mathematics.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan is primarily recognized for her significant contributions to ethical community and ethical relationships, as an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist, not physics or theoretical mathematics.
*Time* magazine recognized Carol Gilligan as one of America's 25 most influential people in 1998.
Answer: False
*Time* magazine recognized Carol Gilligan as one of America's 25 most influential people in 1996, not 1998.
Carol Gilligan was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 28, 1936.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan was born on November 28, 1936, in New York City, US.
Gilligan's doctoral dissertation at Harvard University was titled 'The Ethics of Care in Modern Society'.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan's doctoral dissertation at Harvard University was titled 'Responses to Temptation: An Analysis of Motives'.
Before returning to academia, Carol Gilligan initially pursued a career in modern dance.
Answer: True
After becoming disillusioned with academia, Carol Gilligan initially pursued a career in modern dance before returning to the academic field.
Carol Gilligan received tenure as a full professor at Harvard University in 1988.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan received tenure as a full professor at Harvard University in 1988, after starting as a lecturer in 1967.
Gilligan served as the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the University of Cambridge from 1992 to 1994.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan held the position of Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the University of Cambridge from 1992 to 1994.
Carol Gilligan left Harvard in 2002 to become a full professor at Yale University.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan left Harvard in 2002 to become a full professor at New York University, affiliated with both the School of Education and the School of Law.
Gilligan's research primarily focused on men's psychology and boys' development.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan's research primarily focused on women's psychology and girls' development, often in contrast to male-centric theories.
Carol Gilligan co-founded an all-male theater group called the Company of Men in 1991.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan co-founded an all-female theater group called the Company of Women in 1991, not an all-male group.
Carol Gilligan's husband, James Gilligan, is a physicist.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan's husband, James Gilligan, M.D., is a psychiatrist, not a physicist.
Carol Gilligan received the Kyoto Prize in 2025.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan is slated to receive the prestigious Kyoto Prize in 2025 in the category of 'Arts and Philosophy'.
Carol Gilligan is primarily recognized for her significant contributions to the understanding of which two fields?
Answer: Ethical community and ethical relationships
Carol Gilligan is primarily recognized for her significant contributions to the understanding of ethical community and ethical relationships, as an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist.
In what year did *Time* magazine list Carol Gilligan as one of America's 25 most influential people?
Answer: 1996
*Time* magazine recognized Carol Gilligan as one of America's 25 most influential people in 1996.
Where was Carol Gilligan born?
Answer: New York City, US
Carol Gilligan was born in New York City, US, on November 28, 1936.
What was the title of Carol Gilligan's doctoral dissertation at Harvard University?
Answer: 'Responses to Temptation: An Analysis of Motives'
Carol Gilligan's doctoral dissertation at Harvard University was titled 'Responses to Temptation: An Analysis of Motives'.
What unconventional career path did Carol Gilligan initially pursue after becoming disillusioned with academia?
Answer: Modern dance
After becoming disillusioned with academia, Carol Gilligan initially pursued a career in modern dance before returning to her academic pursuits.
In what year did Carol Gilligan receive tenure as a full professor at Harvard University?
Answer: 1988
Carol Gilligan received tenure as a full professor at Harvard University in 1988.
Which university did Carol Gilligan join as a full professor in 2002 after leaving Harvard?
Answer: New York University
Carol Gilligan left Harvard in 2002 to become a full professor at New York University, affiliated with both the School of Education and the School of Law.
What was the primary focus of Carol Gilligan's research and co-authored texts with her students?
Answer: Women's psychology and girls' development
Carol Gilligan's research primarily focused on women's psychology and girls' development, leading to several co-authored texts.
What was the name of the all-female theater group Carol Gilligan co-founded in 1991?
Answer: The Company of Women
Carol Gilligan co-founded an all-female theater group called The Company of Women in 1991, with Kristin Linklater serving as the voice instructor.
What is the profession of Carol Gilligan's husband, James Gilligan?
Answer: Psychiatrist
Carol Gilligan's husband, James Gilligan, M.D., is a psychiatrist who directed the Center for the Study of Violence at Harvard Medical School.
Which of Carol Gilligan's children is a professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Vanderbilt University?
Answer: Jonathan
Jonathan Gilligan, Carol Gilligan's son, is a professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Civil and Environmental Engineering at Vanderbilt University.
Which of the following awards did Carol Gilligan receive in 1998 for contributions to understanding the human condition?
Answer: Heinz Award
In 1998, Carol Gilligan received the Heinz Award for her significant contributions to understanding the human condition.
Which of these institutions granted Carol Gilligan an honorary degree in 1983?
Answer: Regis College
Regis College granted Carol Gilligan an honorary degree in 1983, among numerous other institutions throughout her career.
Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's stages of moral development were biased because they primarily emphasized the feminine moral voice.
Answer: False
Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's stages of moral development were biased because they primarily emphasized the masculine moral voice, making them less applicable to women's moral reasoning.
Before Gilligan's research, psychologists generally assumed 'feminine' qualities like empathy were the standard for maturity.
Answer: False
Before Gilligan's research, psychologists generally assumed 'masculine' qualities like autonomy and rationality were the standard for maturity, often leading to the belief that women were deficient in development.
Gilligan critiqued Erik Erikson for relying on 'the imagery of men's lives' when charting human growth.
Answer: False
Gilligan critiqued Sigmund Freud, not Erik Erikson, for relying on 'the imagery of men's lives' when charting human growth.
Gilligan concluded that girls experience an intensification of narcissism during puberty, aligning with Freud's view.
Answer: False
Challenging Freud's view, Gilligan concluded that girls develop a deeper perspective of care and a 'new responsiveness to the self' during puberty, rather than an intensification of narcissism.
How did Carol Gilligan primarily criticize Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Answer: She claimed they were male-oriented and limited for females.
Carol Gilligan criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development by arguing that they were male-oriented and thus limited in their ability to be generalized to females.
Which prominent psychologist did Gilligan critique for relying on 'the imagery of men's lives' when charting human growth?
Answer: Sigmund Freud
Gilligan specifically critiqued Sigmund Freud for relying on 'the imagery of men's lives' when charting human growth, which she argued made his work less applicable to the experiences of women.
What did Gilligan conclude about girls' development during puberty, challenging Freud's view of narcissism?
Answer: They develop a deeper perspective of care and a 'new responsiveness to the self'.
Challenging Freud's view, Gilligan concluded that during puberty, girls develop a deeper perspective of care and a 'new responsiveness to the self', rather than an intensification of narcissism.
Carol Gilligan proposed two kinds of moral voices: a masculine voice focused on justice and a feminine voice focused on care.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan's theory proposes a masculine moral voice emphasizing justice and a feminine moral voice emphasizing care and interpersonal relationships.
Gilligan considered individualism, rather than androgyny, the optimal way to realize one's full human potential.
Answer: False
Gilligan argued that achieving androgyny, which involves integrating both masculine and feminine moral voices, is the optimal way for individuals to realize their full human potential.
Gilligan clarified that the 'different voice' she described is characterized by theme rather than gender.
Answer: True
Gilligan clarified that the 'different voice' she described is characterized by theme rather than gender, highlighting modes of thought rather than absolute generalizations about sex.
Gilligan's ethics of care theory argues that women generally approach ethical problems focusing on fairness and rules, similar to men.
Answer: False
Gilligan's ethics of care theory argues that women generally approach ethical problems focusing on responsibilities and relationships, contrasting with men's typical focus on fairness, rights, and rules.
Gilligan identified the 'ethics of care' and the 'ethics of justice' as two fundamentally compatible moral approaches.
Answer: False
Gilligan identified the 'ethics of care' and the 'ethics of justice' as two fundamentally incompatible moral approaches, highlighting their distinct perspectives.
According to Carol Gilligan, what characterizes the 'masculine voice' in moral reasoning?
Answer: Focus on protecting rights and upholding justice, characterized as 'logical and individualistic'.
Carol Gilligan proposed that the masculine moral voice is characterized by a focus on protecting rights and upholding justice, often described as 'logical and individualistic'.
What did Carol Gilligan consider the optimal way for individuals to realize their full human potential?
Answer: Achieving androgyny by integrating both masculine and feminine moral voices.
Carol Gilligan argued that achieving androgyny, which involves integrating both masculine and feminine moral voices, is the optimal way for individuals to realize their full human potential.
How does Gilligan's ethics of care theory generally contrast with Lawrence Kohlberg's approach to ethics regarding women's focus?
Answer: Women focus on responsibilities and relationships rather than just fairness, rights, and rules.
Gilligan's ethics of care theory contrasts with Kohlberg's by positing that women generally focus on responsibilities and relationships in ethical problems, rather than solely on fairness, rights, and rules.
What two moral approaches did Gilligan identify as fundamentally incompatible?
Answer: Ethics of care and Ethics of justice
Carol Gilligan identified the 'ethics of care' and the 'ethics of justice' as two fundamentally incompatible moral approaches, each with distinct priorities.
Gilligan's stages of female moral development have been used in business settings as an explanation for how men and women handle ethical issues.
Answer: True
Gilligan's stages of female moral development have found practical application in business settings to explain gender differences in handling ethical issues in the workplace.
The first stage of Gilligan's moral development theory, pre-conventional morality, involves prioritizing the needs of others over one's own.
Answer: False
In Gilligan's first stage, pre-conventional morality, a woman typically prioritizes her own needs first when a conflict arises between her needs and the needs of others.
During the first transition in Gilligan's stages, a woman realizes her responsibility for others and acknowledges previous selfish thinking.
Answer: True
The first transition in Gilligan's moral development theory involves a woman realizing her responsibility for others and acknowledging past selfish thinking, moving beyond pure self-interest.
In Gilligan's second transition, a woman recognizes that her own needs are just as important as the needs of others.
Answer: True
During the second transition, a woman recognizes the equal importance of her own needs compared to the needs of others, leading to a more balanced perspective.
Post-conventional morality, the third stage, involves women taking responsibility for their actions' consequences and balancing their own needs with others'.
Answer: True
The third stage, post-conventional morality, is characterized by women taking responsibility for their actions' consequences and achieving a balance between their own needs and the needs of others, leading to a universal ethic of care.
In Carol Gilligan's first stage of moral development, pre-conventional morality, what does a woman typically prioritize when a conflict arises between her own needs and the needs of others?
Answer: Her own needs first.
In the pre-conventional morality stage, a woman typically prioritizes her own needs first when faced with a conflict between her needs and the needs of others.
What significant shift occurs during the second transition in Carol Gilligan's moral development theory?
Answer: A woman recognizes that her own needs are just as important as the needs of others.
During the second transition, a woman recognizes the equal importance of her own needs compared to the needs of others, leading to a more balanced perspective.
Carol Gilligan's influential book *In a Different Voice* was published in 1982 and presented a critique of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan's seminal work, *In a Different Voice*, published in 1982, is renowned for its critique of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development and introduction of the ethics of care.
Carol Gilligan contributed the piece 'Sisterhood Is Pleasurable: A Quiet Revolution in Psychology' to the anthology *Sisterhood Is Forever* in 2003.
Answer: True
In 2003, Carol Gilligan contributed the piece 'Sisterhood Is Pleasurable: A Quiet Revolution in Psychology' to the anthology *Sisterhood Is Forever*, edited by Robin Morgan.
Carol Gilligan published her first novel, *Kyra*, in 2008.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan published her first novel, *Kyra*, in 2008.
Gilligan used a survey method for her research in *In a Different Voice*, not interviews.
Answer: False
For her research in *In a Different Voice*, Gilligan employed an interview method, not a survey method, focusing on questions about the self, morality, and conflict.
By 2022, *In a Different Voice* had sold over 700,000 copies and was translated into 20 different languages.
Answer: True
By 2022, *In a Different Voice* had achieved significant commercial success, selling over 700,000 copies and being translated into 20 different languages.
*The Birth of Pleasure* explores how the power of love can disrupt established orders through historical stories.
Answer: True
Carol Gilligan's book *The Birth of Pleasure* explores how the power of love can disrupt established orders and why humans often experience pain before pleasure in love, using historical narratives.
In *Mapping the Moral Domain*, Gilligan and her colleagues softened the term 'gender specific' to 'gender related' for moral perspectives.
Answer: True
In *Mapping the Moral Domain*, Gilligan and her colleagues indeed softened the term 'gender specific' to 'gender related' for moral perspectives, acknowledging that individuals of either sex can utilize the moral perspective typically associated with the other gender.
Gilligan adapted Shakespeare's *Hamlet* for the stage, collaborating with her son.
Answer: False
Carol Gilligan adapted Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel *The Scarlet Letter* for the stage, collaborating with her son, Jonathan Gilligan, not Shakespeare's *Hamlet*.
Gilligan's adaptation of *The Scarlet Letter* first opened in London in 2002.
Answer: False
Gilligan's adaptation of *The Scarlet Letter* first opened at Shakespeare & Company in Lenox, Massachusetts, in 2002, not in London.
What is the title of Carol Gilligan's most influential book, published in 1982?
Answer: *In a Different Voice*
Carol Gilligan's most influential book, published in 1982, is titled *In a Different Voice*, which introduced the concept of the ethics of care.
What was the title of Carol Gilligan's first novel, published in 2008?
Answer: *Kyra*
Carol Gilligan published her first novel, *Kyra*, in 2008.
What research method did Gilligan employ for her studies in *In a Different Voice*?
Answer: Interview method
For her research in *In a Different Voice*, Gilligan employed an interview method, focusing on questions about the self, morality, and how women handle conflict and choice.
By 2022, how many languages had *In a Different Voice* been translated into?
Answer: 20
By 2022, Carol Gilligan's influential book *In a Different Voice* had been translated into 20 different languages.
What is the central theme of Carol Gilligan's book *The Birth of Pleasure: A New Map of Love*?
Answer: Exploring how love can disrupt established orders and why humans experience pain before pleasure in love.
In *The Birth of Pleasure: A New Map of Love*, Carol Gilligan explores how the power of love can disrupt established orders and the human experience of pain preceding pleasure in love.
Which book, co-written with Mikel Brown, discusses the developmental path for girls during adolescence based on a five-year study?
Answer: *Meeting at the Crossroads*
*Meeting at the Crossroads: Women's Psychology and Girls' Development*, co-written with Mikel Brown, discusses the developmental path for girls during adolescence based on a five-year study.
In *Mapping the Moral Domain*, what change in terminology did Gilligan and her colleagues introduce regarding moral perspectives?
Answer: From 'gender specific' to 'gender related'.
In *Mapping the Moral Domain*, Gilligan and her colleagues softened the term 'gender specific' to 'gender related' for moral perspectives, acknowledging broader applicability.
Which literary work did Carol Gilligan adapt for the stage, collaborating with her son, Jonathan Gilligan?
Answer: *The Scarlet Letter*
Carol Gilligan adapted Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel *The Scarlet Letter* for the stage, collaborating with her son, Jonathan Gilligan.
What is the title of Carol Gilligan's book published in 2023?
Answer: *In a Human Voice*
Carol Gilligan's book published in 2023 is titled *In a Human Voice*.
*In a Different Voice* was a pivotal accomplishment that propelled Carol Gilligan to the forefront of the environmental movement.
Answer: False
*In a Different Voice* was a pivotal accomplishment that propelled Carol Gilligan to the forefront of the feminist movement, not the environmental movement.
Feminist scholar Jaclyn Friedman supported Gilligan's ethics of care, stating that observed differences in ethical reasoning are inherent.
Answer: False
Feminist scholar Jaclyn Friedman criticized Gilligan's ethics of care, arguing that observed differences in ethical reasoning are a result of societal expectations, not inherent qualities.
Christina Hoff Sommers argued that Gilligan's research was well-founded and had ample evidence.
Answer: False
Christina Hoff Sommers argued that Gilligan's research was ill-founded and lacked sufficient evidence to support her conclusions.
Dennis M. Senchuk criticized Gilligan's work for using hypothetical dilemmas and suggested she exaggerated differences between males and females.
Answer: True
Dennis M. Senchuk criticized Gilligan's work for its reliance on hypothetical dilemmas and suggested she exaggerated gender differences in moral reasoning.
What was the impact of *In a Different Voice* on Carol Gilligan's career and the broader social landscape?
Answer: It propelled her to the forefront of the feminist movement.
*In a Different Voice* was a pivotal accomplishment that propelled Carol Gilligan to the forefront of the feminist movement, providing a critical perspective on male-dominated psychological theories.
Which feminist scholar criticized Gilligan's ethics of care by arguing that observed differences in ethical reasoning are a result of societal expectations, not inherent?
Answer: Jaclyn Friedman
Feminist scholar Jaclyn Friedman criticized Gilligan's ethics of care, arguing that observed differences in ethical reasoning are a result of societal expectations rather than being inherent.
What was Christina Hoff Sommers' critique of Carol Gilligan's research?
Answer: She claimed it lacked sufficient evidence and was ill-founded.
Christina Hoff Sommers criticized Carol Gilligan's research, asserting that it was ill-founded and lacked sufficient empirical evidence to support its conclusions.