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Total Categories: 4
The primary objective of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) is to conserve migratory species across their entire ranges.
Answer: True
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) explicitly states its primary objective is to conserve migratory species across their entire ranges.
The Bonn Convention was signed under the auspices of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
Answer: False
The Bonn Convention was signed under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), not the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The Bonn Convention officially entered into force in 1983 after 15 states had ratified it.
Answer: True
The Bonn Convention officially entered into force on November 1, 1983, after the required 15 states had ratified it.
The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany serves as the depositary for the Convention on Migratory Species.
Answer: True
The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany is designated as the depositary for the Convention on Migratory Species.
The CMS is one of several global intergovernmental organizations established exclusively for the conservation of migratory species.
Answer: False
The CMS is unique as the *only* global, United Nations-based intergovernmental organization established exclusively for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic, and avian migratory species.
Article 2 of the CMS mandates that range states must take immediate action to conserve all migratory species, regardless of their conservation status.
Answer: False
Article 2 states that range states should agree to take action 'whenever possible and appropriate,' with special attention to species whose conservation status is unfavorable or becoming endangered, not an immediate mandate for all species regardless of status.
Parties to the CMS are encouraged to promote and support research related to migratory species, as per Article 2(3).
Answer: True
Article 2(3) of the CMS encourages parties to promote, cooperate in, and support research related to migratory species.
What is the primary objective of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals?
Answer: To conserve migratory species across their entire ranges.
The primary objective of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) is to conserve migratory species across their entire ranges.
Under whose auspices was the Convention on Migratory Species signed?
Answer: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
The Convention on Migratory Species was signed under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
When did the Bonn Convention officially enter into force?
Answer: November 1, 1983
The Bonn Convention officially entered into force on November 1, 1983, after 15 states had ratified it.
Which government acts as the depositary for the Convention on Migratory Species?
Answer: The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany
The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany acts as the depositary for the Convention on Migratory Species.
What makes the CMS unique among intergovernmental organizations focused on conservation?
Answer: It is the only global, United Nations-based intergovernmental organization established exclusively for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic, and avian migratory species.
The CMS is unique as the only global, United Nations-based intergovernmental organization established exclusively for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic, and avian migratory species.
According to Article 2 of the convention, what fundamental principle is acknowledged by parties regarding migratory species conservation?
Answer: Range states should agree to take action to conserve migratory species 'whenever possible and appropriate.'
Article 2 of the CMS states that range states should agree to take action to conserve migratory species 'whenever possible and appropriate,' with special attention to those whose conservation status is unfavorable or becoming endangered.
As of September 2020, there were 150 Member States party to the Convention on Migratory Species.
Answer: False
As of September 2020, there were 131 Member States party to the Convention on Migratory Species, not 150.
As of January 1, 2021, 150 sovereign states were parties to the CMS, excluding the European Union and the Cook Islands.
Answer: False
As of January 1, 2021, there were 130 sovereign states, the European Union, and the Cook Islands that were parties to the convention, not 150 sovereign states excluding the EU and Cook Islands.
Jamaica had signed the CMS but had not yet ratified it according to the provided information.
Answer: True
The provided information explicitly states that Jamaica had signed the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals but had not yet ratified it.
'Participating non-parties' are states that have fully ratified the CMS but choose not to participate in its specific agreements.
Answer: False
'Participating non-parties' are sovereign states or entities not formally parties to the main CMS convention but are party to one or more of its agreements and/or MOUs.
Appendix I of the CMS lists migratory species that are threatened with extinction, requiring strict protection from range states.
Answer: True
Appendix I of the CMS lists migratory species threatened with extinction, obliging range states to provide them strict protection and conserve their habitats.
Appendix II of the CMS lists species that are already extinct and serves as a historical record.
Answer: False
Appendix II of the CMS lists migratory species that need or would significantly benefit from international cooperation, not species that are already extinct.
Article 6(3) requires range states for Appendix I or II species to inform the COP through the secretariat about their implementation measures.
Answer: True
Article 6(3) mandates that range states for migratory species listed in Appendix I or II must inform the Conference of the Parties (COP) through the secretariat about their implementation measures.
The Bonn Convention has been uniformly integrated into the domestic legal frameworks of all its parties, ensuring identical national laws.
Answer: False
The Bonn Convention has been incorporated into the domestic law of its parties to *varying degrees*, meaning national laws are not necessarily identical.
As of September 2020, how many Member States were party to the Convention on Migratory Species?
Answer: 131
As of September 2020, there were 131 Member States party to the Convention on Migratory Species.
Which country had signed the CMS but not yet ratified it as of the provided information?
Answer: Jamaica
According to the provided information, Jamaica had signed the CMS but had not yet ratified it.
What is the definition of 'participating non-parties' in relation to the CMS?
Answer: Sovereign states or entities not formally parties to the main CMS convention but party to one or more of its agreements and/or MOUs.
'Participating non-parties' are sovereign states or entities that are not formally parties to the main CMS convention but are party to one or more of its agreements and/or Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs).
What types of species are listed in Appendix I of the CMS?
Answer: Species that are threatened with extinction.
Appendix I of the CMS lists migratory species that are threatened with extinction, requiring strict protection from range states.
The CMS Family of instruments covers a diverse range of migratory species, including land mammals, marine mammals, birds, and even one insect.
Answer: True
The CMS Family of instruments covers a wide diversity of migratory species, including land mammals, marine mammals, bats, birds, fish, reptiles, and one insect.
The Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) covers all species of birds, regardless of their dependency on wetlands.
Answer: False
The AEWA specifically covers 254 species of birds that are dependent on wetlands, not all species of birds regardless of wetland dependency.
The CMS functions as a framework convention by encouraging its states parties to conclude global or regional agreements to restore or maintain species' conservation status.
Answer: True
The CMS functions as a framework convention, encouraging states parties to conclude global or regional agreements aimed at restoring or maintaining the favorable conservation status of migratory species.
The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) is an example of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) under CMS.
Answer: False
The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) is one of the seven legally binding agreements under CMS, not a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).
Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) under the CMS are not full agreements but provide flexible frameworks for cooperative conservation measures.
Answer: True
Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) under the CMS are indeed not full agreements but offer flexible frameworks for cooperative conservation measures for various migratory species.
Which of the following types of species are NOT explicitly mentioned as being covered by the CMS Family of instruments?
Answer: Amphibians
The CMS Family of instruments explicitly covers land mammals, marine mammals, bats, birds, fish, reptiles, and one insect, but amphibians are not mentioned.
What is the focus of the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA)?
Answer: 254 species of birds dependent on wetlands.
The Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) specifically covers 254 species of birds that are dependent on wetlands.
How many Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) have been signed under the auspices of the CMS to date?
Answer: 19
To date, 19 Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) have been signed under the auspices of the CMS, providing flexible frameworks for cooperative conservation measures.
What does EUROBATS specifically aim to conserve?
Answer: 52 species of bat found in Europe.
EUROBATS, the Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats, specifically aims to conserve 52 species of bat found in Europe.
Which agreement under CMS focuses on the conservation of gorillas and their habitats?
Answer: The Gorilla Agreement
The Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and their Habitats, also known as the Gorilla Agreement, is the specific CMS instrument focusing on gorilla conservation.
What is the focus of the Wadden Sea Agreement?
Answer: Conservation of seal populations within the Wadden Sea region.
The Wadden Sea Agreement, formally the Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea, focuses on conserving seal populations in that region.
Which MOU under CMS is dedicated to the conservation of the Aquatic Warbler?
Answer: Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the Aquatic Warbler.
The Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the Aquatic Warbler is specifically dedicated to the conservation of this particular bird species under CMS.
The Bukhara Deer Memorandum of Understanding is concerned with the conservation and restoration of which species?
Answer: Bukhara Deer
The Bukhara Deer Memorandum of Understanding specifically focuses on the conservation and restoration of the Bukhara Deer.
Which MOU addresses the conservation and management of dugongs and their habitats?
Answer: Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Dugongs and their Habitats throughout their Range
The Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Dugongs and their Habitats throughout their Range specifically addresses the conservation and management of dugongs and their habitats.
Which two countries are involved in the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of the Ruddy-headed Goose?
Answer: Argentina and Chile
The Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of the Ruddy-headed Goose involves the Republic of Argentina and the Republic of Chile.
What is the aim of the Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding?
Answer: For the conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of the Saiga Antelope.
The Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding aims for the conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of the critically endangered Saiga Antelope.
Which MOU specifically addresses the conservation of the Siberian Crane?
Answer: Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the Siberian Crane.
The Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the Siberian Crane specifically addresses the conservation of this highly endangered migratory bird.
What species is the South Andean Huemul Memorandum of Understanding designed to protect?
Answer: Southern Huemul
The South Andean Huemul Memorandum of Understanding is designed to protect the Southern Huemul, a deer species native to the Andes.
Which MOU under CMS is concerned with the West African populations of the African Elephant?
Answer: Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the West African Populations of the African Elephant.
The Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the West African Populations of the African Elephant is the specific MOU under CMS addressing these elephant populations.
Policy guidance for the CMS is provided through documents such as strategic plans, action plans, resolutions, and guidelines.
Answer: True
The CMS provides policy guidance through strategic plans, action plans, resolutions, decisions, and guidelines, which outline the framework for conservation efforts.
The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the principal decision-making body of the CMS, responsible for reviewing implementation and approving financial regulations.
Answer: True
The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the principal decision-making body of the CMS, tasked with reviewing the convention's implementation and approving its financial regulations, as outlined in Article VII.
Meetings of the Conference of the Parties (COP) for the CMS are held annually.
Answer: False
Meetings of the Conference of the Parties (COP) for the CMS are held at least every three years, not annually.
The first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) of the CMS was held in Bonn, West Germany, in 1985.
Answer: True
The first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) of the CMS took place in Bonn, West Germany, from October 21–26, 1985.
The Standing Committee's primary role is to conduct scientific research for the CMS.
Answer: False
The primary responsibility of the Standing Committee (StC) is to carry out interim activities on behalf of the Conference of the Parties between its meetings, while the Scientific Council provides scientific advice.
The Standing Committee meets at least once a year and also convenes immediately before and after COP meetings.
Answer: True
The Standing Committee meets at least once a year and typically convenes immediately before and after Conference of the Parties (COPs) meetings.
The composition and functions of the Standing Committee were updated in 2014 at COP 11.
Answer: False
The composition and functions of the Standing Committee were updated in 2008 at COP 9, under Resolution 9.15, not in 2014 at COP 11.
One of the updated functions of the Standing Committee is to monitor the budget and make recommendations for the next COP.
Answer: True
Among its updated functions, the Standing Committee is responsible for monitoring the budget and making recommendations for the next Conference of the Parties (COP).
The Standing Committee is composed of 20 members elected for five-year terms.
Answer: False
The Standing Committee is composed of 15 members who are elected for three-year terms, not 20 members for five-year terms.
The Scientific Council's main objective is to provide scientific advice to CMS bodies and states parties.
Answer: True
The main objective of the Scientific Council (ScC) is to provide advice on scientific matters to CMS bodies and states parties, ensuring decisions are scientifically informed.
The Scientific Council was formally established in 1979 when the Bonn Convention was signed.
Answer: False
While its functions are in the convention, the Scientific Council was formally established in 1985 under Resolution 1.4 of COP 1, not in 1979.
Each state party is entitled to appoint one qualified expert as a member of the Scientific Council.
Answer: True
Each state party is entitled to appoint one qualified expert and an alternate as a member of the Scientific Council.
The Sessional Committee is an independent body separate from the Scientific Council.
Answer: False
The Sessional Committee is a sub-body of the Scientific Council, not an independent body separate from it.
The Sessional Committee was created in 2014 at COP 11 via Resolution 11.4.
Answer: True
The Sessional Committee, a sub-body of the Scientific Council, was created in 2014 at COP 11 through Resolution 11.4.
The Sessional Committee is composed solely of COP-appointed councillors.
Answer: False
The Sessional Committee is composed of both nine COP-appointed councillors and fifteen party-appointed councillors, ensuring regional scientific input.
The CMS Secretariat is administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Answer: True
The CMS Secretariat, which acts as the convention's coordinating body, is provided and administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
The CMS secretariat has always been based at the United Nations Campus in Bonn since its creation.
Answer: False
The CMS secretariat has been based in Bonn, Germany, since its creation, but it was relocated to the United Nations Campus in Bonn in 1998, indicating it was not always there.
The CMS secretariat maintains an outpost office in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, which oversees specific MOUs.
Answer: True
Since 2009, the CMS secretariat has maintained an outpost office in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, responsible for overseeing the implementation of specific Memoranda of Understanding.
Amy Fraenkel is the former executive secretary of the Convention on Migratory Species.
Answer: False
Amy Fraenkel is identified as the *current* executive secretary of the Convention on Migratory Species.
What is the role of the Conference of the Parties (COP) within the CMS organizational structure?
Answer: To serve as the principal decision-making body.
The Conference of the Parties (COP) serves as the principal decision-making body of the CMS, responsible for reviewing implementation and approving financial regulations.
How frequently are meetings of the Conference of the Parties (COP) held for the CMS?
Answer: At least every three years
Meetings of the Conference of the Parties (COP) for the CMS are held at least every three years.
Where was the first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) of the CMS held?
Answer: Bonn, West Germany
The first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) of the CMS was held in Bonn, West Germany, from October 21–26, 1985.
What is the primary responsibility of the Standing Committee (StC) in the CMS structure?
Answer: To carry out interim activities on behalf of the Conference of the Parties between its meetings.
The primary responsibility of the Standing Committee (StC) is to carry out interim activities on behalf of the Conference of the Parties between its meetings, ensuring continuous operation.
When were the composition and functions of the Standing Committee updated?
Answer: 2008 at COP 9
The composition and functions of the Standing Committee were updated in 2008 at COP 9, under Resolution 9.15.
How many members compose the Standing Committee of the CMS?
Answer: 15
The Standing Committee of the CMS is composed of 15 members, elected for three-year terms.
What is the main objective of the Scientific Council (ScC) within the CMS framework?
Answer: To provide advice on scientific matters to CMS bodies and states parties.
The main objective of the Scientific Council (ScC) is to provide advice on scientific matters to CMS bodies and states parties, ensuring that conservation decisions are informed by expert scientific knowledge.
When was the Scientific Council formally established?
Answer: 1985, under Resolution 1.4 of COP 1.
The Scientific Council was formally established in 1985, under Resolution 1.4 of COP 1, formalizing its role and structure within the CMS.
When was the Sessional Committee, a sub-body of the Scientific Council, created?
Answer: 2014
The Sessional Committee, a sub-body of the Scientific Council, was created in 2014 at COP 11 via Resolution 11.4.
How is the CMS Secretariat administered?
Answer: By the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
The CMS Secretariat is provided and administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which serves as the convention's coordinating body.
Where was the CMS secretariat relocated in 1998?
Answer: The United Nations Campus in Bonn
In 1998, the CMS secretariat was relocated to the United Nations Campus in Bonn, Germany.
Who is the current executive secretary of the Convention on Migratory Species?
Answer: Amy Fraenkel
Amy Fraenkel is identified as the current executive secretary of the Convention on Migratory Species.