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Total Categories: 7
Historically, health services for Native Americans were first managed by the Department of the Interior before moving to the Department of War.
Answer: False
The source indicates that health services for Native Americans were initially managed by the Department of War starting in 1803, and subsequently by the Office of Indian Affairs (now the Bureau of Indian Affairs) in 1824, not the other way around.
The Meriam Report of 1928 resulted in decreased funding and the elimination of preventive medicine programs for Native Americans.
Answer: False
The Meriam Report of 1928 led to policy changes that resulted in increased funding and the establishment of the first preventive medicine program for Native Americans.
The Indian Health Service (IHS) was officially established in 1955 following the transfer of health service authority to the Public Health Service.
Answer: True
The IHS was officially established in 1955, a development that followed the Indian Health Facilities Act (Transfer Act) of 1954, which transferred the authority for health services to the Public Health Service.
The Snyder Act of 1921 provided the initial legislative authority for the federal government to offer health services to Native Americans.
Answer: True
The Snyder Act of 1921 is recognized as the first formal legislative act that provided the federal government with the authority to offer health services to Native Americans.
The Indian Health Care Improvement Act of 1976 primarily focused on reducing the IHS budget to improve facility maintenance.
Answer: False
The Indian Health Care Improvement Act of 1976 aimed to expand the IHS budget to enhance health services, including facility construction and renovation, and to increase the number of Native American healthcare professionals.
The Indian Health Transfer Act of 1954 recognized tribal sovereignty and granted tribes significant self-determination in health policy.
Answer: True
The Indian Health Transfer Act of 1954 was significant as it acknowledged tribal sovereignty and provided a degree of self-determination for tribes in shaping their health policies.
The Indian Health Care Improvement Act (IHCIA) was reauthorized and integrated into the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Answer: True
The Indian Health Care Improvement Act (IHCIA) was indeed reauthorized and incorporated into the Affordable Care Act (ACA), strengthening healthcare provisions for Native Americans.
Which federal department was historically responsible for Native American health services starting in 1803?
Answer: Department of War
The Department of War was the first federal department assigned responsibility for Native American health services, beginning in 1803.
What significant impact did the Meriam Report of 1928 have on Native American health services?
Answer: It resulted in increased funding and the establishment of a preventive medicine program.
The Meriam Report of 1928 prompted policy changes that led to increased funding for Native American health services and the creation of the first preventive medicine program.
The IHS was established in 1955 as a result of which legislative action?
Answer: The Indian Health Facilities Act (Transfer Act) of 1954
The establishment of the IHS in 1955 was a direct consequence of the Indian Health Facilities Act (Transfer Act) of 1954, which transferred health service responsibilities.
Which of the following was identified as a key priority in the IHS's 1957 'Gold Book' report?
Answer: Establishing adequate facilities and instituting extensive curative treatment.
The 1957 'Gold Book' report identified establishing adequate facilities and implementing extensive curative treatment as key priorities for improving Native American health services.
Which act was the first formal legislative authority enabling the provision of health services to Native Americans?
Answer: Snyder Act of 1921
The Snyder Act of 1921 served as the initial formal legislative authority that empowered the federal government to provide health services to Native Americans.
What was a key focus of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act of 1976?
Answer: Increasing the number of Native American healthcare professionals and improving urban access.
A primary focus of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act of 1976 was to increase the number of Native American healthcare professionals and enhance access to healthcare services in urban areas.
The Indian Health Transfer Act of 1954 was significant because it:
Answer: Recognized tribal sovereignty and allowed for self-determination in health policy.
The Indian Health Transfer Act of 1954 was significant for recognizing tribal sovereignty and enabling tribes to exercise greater self-determination in their health policy decisions.
The Indian Health Service (IHS) is primarily funded through Congressional appropriations rather than being an entitlement program.
Answer: True
The IHS operates as a program funded by annual Congressional appropriations, meaning its budget is allocated by Congress, rather than functioning as an entitlement program with guaranteed funding.
The IHS operates twelve regional offices responsible for overseeing clinical operations and managing funding.
Answer: True
The IHS manages its operations through a network of twelve regional offices, which are responsible for overseeing clinical activities and managing financial resources.
Eligibility for IHS health benefits is restricted solely to individuals of American Indian descent, excluding Alaska Natives.
Answer: False
Eligibility for IHS health benefits extends to individuals of American Indian and/or Alaska Native descent who are part of an Indian community serviced by IHS. It does not exclude Alaska Natives.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) authorized funding for residency training programs in tribal or IHS facilities through Teaching Health Centers (THCs).
Answer: True
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) included provisions that authorized funding for residency training programs within tribal or IHS facilities via Teaching Health Centers (THCs).
The IHS Indian Health Manual (IHM) permits non-Indians to receive care only if they are spouses of eligible Indians.
Answer: False
The IHS Indian Health Manual (IHM) outlines broader eligibility criteria for non-Indians, including being the child or spouse of an eligible Indian, or a non-Indian woman pregnant with an eligible Indian's child.
The IHS's 2017 annual budget was approximately $7.7 billion.
Answer: False
The IHS annual budget was approximately $5.9 billion in 2017, not $7.7 billion.
Approximately how many American Indians and Alaska Natives does the IHS provide health care services to?
Answer: 2.2 million
The IHS provides health care services to approximately 2.2 million individuals who identify as American Indian and Alaska Native.
The IHS operates a network of how many regional offices?
Answer: Twelve
The Indian Health Service (IHS) manages its operations through a network comprising twelve regional offices.
Under what conditions might a non-Indian be eligible for IHS health benefits?
Answer: If they are the child or spouse of an eligible Indian, or a non-Indian woman pregnant with an eligible Indian's child.
Non-Indians may be eligible for IHS health benefits if they are the child or spouse of an eligible Indian, or if they are a non-Indian woman pregnant with an eligible Indian's child, as detailed in the IHS Indian Health Manual.
What impact did the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have concerning IHS Medicaid funding?
Answer: It facilitated IHS Medicaid funding and authorized residency training programs.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) facilitated IHS Medicaid funding and authorized the establishment of residency training programs within tribal or IHS facilities.
What is the potential impact of states not expanding Medicaid under the ACA on IHS and tribal clinics?
Answer: IHS and tribal facilities do not receive additional funding from Medicaid reimbursements.
When states do not expand Medicaid, IHS and tribal clinics may not receive the additional funding that would otherwise come from Medicaid reimbursements, potentially impacting their financial resources.
The IHS Extern Program exclusively hires Native American interns to fulfill academic requirements.
Answer: False
The IHS Extern Program hires both Native and non-Native American interns. Participants can be reimbursed for tuition and fees if the externship fulfills an academic practical experience requirement.
The IHS provides a limited range of health services, primarily focusing on outpatient care.
Answer: False
The IHS offers a comprehensive array of health services, encompassing both outpatient and inpatient care, including pharmacy, dental, behavioral health, and pediatrics, among others.
Purchased/Referred Care (PRC) guarantees coverage for medical services obtained outside of IHS or tribal facilities.
Answer: False
Purchased/Referred Care (PRC) does not guarantee coverage for services obtained outside IHS or tribal facilities; coverage is contingent upon funding availability.
The IHS National Core Formulary (NCF) is regulated by the National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC).
Answer: True
The IHS National Core Formulary (NCF) is indeed regulated and reviewed quarterly by the IHS National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC).
The IHS has included new, costly direct-acting anti-retroviral (DAA) hepatitis C medications on its National Core Formulary.
Answer: False
Despite the prevalence of hepatitis C, the IHS has not included new, costly direct-acting anti-retroviral (DAA) hepatitis C medications on its National Core Formulary due to cost challenges.
The IHS implemented a hepatitis C testing program targeting individuals born between 1945 and 1965.
Answer: True
In 2012, the IHS launched a nationwide hepatitis C antibody testing initiative specifically targeting individuals born between 1945 and 1965.
The IHS Health Professions Scholarship requires a part-time service commitment after completing professional training.
Answer: False
The IHS Health Professions Scholarship mandates a full-time service commitment following the completion of professional training, as a condition for receiving the scholarship.
The Indians Into Medicine (INMED) program provides grants to universities to support Native American medical students.
Answer: True
The Indians Into Medicine (INMED) program functions by providing grants to universities, thereby supporting Native American students pursuing medical education.
The IHS provides support for Native American students pursuing medical education primarily through direct employment opportunities.
Answer: False
The IHS supports Native American students pursuing medical education primarily through scholarships and programs like Indians Into Medicine (INMED), rather than direct employment opportunities during their studies.
The IHS National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC) reviews the National Core Formulary (NCF) quarterly.
Answer: True
The IHS National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC) is responsible for the quarterly review and revision of the National Core Formulary (NCF).
The IHS aims to reduce health disparities by providing direct medical services and advocating for Native American health needs.
Answer: True
A primary objective of the IHS is to mitigate health disparities by delivering direct medical services and actively advocating for the health requirements of Native American populations.
What is the primary role of the Indian Health Service (IHS)?
Answer: To provide direct medical and public health services to federally recognized Native American Tribes.
The primary role of the IHS is to deliver direct medical and public health services to members of federally recognized Native American Tribes, serving as the principal federal healthcare provider and advocate.
What is the purpose of the IHS Extern Program?
Answer: To offer training opportunities and reimburse tuition for interns fulfilling academic requirements.
The IHS Extern Program aims to provide valuable training opportunities and financial reimbursement for tuition and fees to interns who are fulfilling academic practical experience requirements.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a health service provided by the IHS?
Answer: Oncology Treatment
While the IHS provides a broad range of services including pharmacy, behavioral health, and pediatrics, oncology treatment is not explicitly listed as a primary service offered directly by the IHS in the provided information.
What is a key characteristic of the Purchased/Referred Care (PRC) program within the IHS?
Answer: Coverage for referrals to non-IHS/tribal facilities is not guaranteed due to limited funding.
A key characteristic of the Purchased/Referred Care (PRC) program is that coverage for services obtained outside IHS or tribal facilities is not guaranteed, as it is dependent on available funding.
Who regulates the IHS National Core Formulary (NCF)?
Answer: The National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC)
The IHS National Core Formulary (NCF) is regulated by the IHS National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC).
Why has the IHS not included new direct-acting anti-retroviral (DAA) hepatitis C medications on its National Core Formulary?
Answer: The high cost of these medications presents a challenge for inclusion.
The high cost associated with new direct-acting anti-retroviral (DAA) hepatitis C medications poses a significant challenge for their inclusion on the IHS National Core Formulary.
What was the outcome of the IHS nationwide HCV antibody testing program implemented in 2012?
Answer: A fourfold increase in screened patients.
The IHS nationwide HCV antibody testing program implemented in 2012 resulted in a fourfold increase in the number of patients screened for the virus.
Which IHS scholarship requires a full-time service commitment after professional training?
Answer: Health Professions Scholarship
The Health Professions Scholarship offered by the IHS requires participants to fulfill a full-time service commitment upon completion of their professional training.
What is the primary goal of the Indians Into Medicine (INMED) program?
Answer: To support Native American students in medical education to increase healthcare professionals.
The primary goal of the Indians Into Medicine (INMED) program is to support Native American students in their medical education, thereby increasing the number of qualified healthcare professionals serving these communities.
How does the IHS support students pursuing healthcare careers?
Answer: Through scholarships and programs like INMED.
The IHS supports students pursuing healthcare careers through various means, including scholarships and dedicated programs such as Indians Into Medicine (INMED).
The Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975 allowed tribes to contract with the IHS to manage their own health programs.
Answer: True
The Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975 (Public Law 93-638) empowered tribal governments to administer programs previously managed by federal agencies like the IHS, through self-determination contracts.
IHS contracts with urban Indian health organizations to extend healthcare access to Native Americans living in cities.
Answer: True
Through legislative provisions, the IHS contracts with urban Indian health organizations to broaden healthcare access, outreach, and referral services for Native Americans residing in urban areas.
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA) prevents tribes from managing IHS activities.
Answer: False
The ISDEAA enables tribes to manage IHS activities through self-determination contracts, facilitating greater tribal control over health services.
Tribes have expressed concerns that contracting under self-determination could lead to 'termination by appropriation'.
Answer: True
Tribes have voiced concerns that the practice of 'termination by appropriation' could occur if federal funding is reduced or responsibility is denied after tribes assume management of programs through self-determination contracts.
Small tribes often lack the administrative capabilities needed to successfully implement self-determination initiatives.
Answer: True
Smaller tribes, in particular, may face challenges in implementing self-determination initiatives due to a lack of necessary administrative capacity and resources.
A key argument against relying on Medicaid for Native Americans is that it fulfills the government's trust responsibility for healthcare.
Answer: False
A primary argument against relying solely on Medicaid is that it may shift responsibility away from the government's inherent trust responsibility to provide comprehensive healthcare services.
Tribes express concern that chronic underfunding of IHS programs makes it difficult to manage services effectively under self-determination contracts.
Answer: True
Tribes have articulated concerns that the persistent underfunding of IHS programs creates significant challenges in effectively managing healthcare services when operating under self-determination contracts.
States not expanding Medicaid under the ACA can lead to reduced funding for IHS and tribal clinics.
Answer: True
When states do not expand Medicaid, IHS and tribal clinics may experience reduced funding because fewer Native Americans gain comprehensive coverage, limiting potential Medicaid reimbursements.
How does the IHS expand healthcare access for Native Americans in urban areas?
Answer: By contracting with urban Indian health organizations.
The IHS expands healthcare access for urban Native Americans by entering into contracts with urban Indian health organizations, thereby extending outreach and services.
Tribes entering '638 contracts' under the ISDEAA are enabled to:
Answer: Receive IHS funds and manage health services independently.
By entering into '638 contracts' under the ISDEAA, tribes are enabled to receive IHS funds and independently manage their health services, thereby increasing tribal control.
Which factor is cited as a barrier for small or geographically isolated tribes in implementing self-determination initiatives?
Answer: Lack of administrative capabilities and transportation issues.
Small or geographically isolated tribes often face barriers to implementing self-determination initiatives, including a lack of administrative capabilities and challenges related to transportation.
What is a primary argument against relying on Medicaid expansion for Native American healthcare?
Answer: It shifts responsibility away from the government's trust responsibility.
A primary argument against relying solely on Medicaid expansion is that it may shift the burden of responsibility away from the federal government's trust obligation to provide healthcare.
The IHS mandates giving preference to qualified Native American applicants in hiring before considering non-Indian candidates.
Answer: True
The IHS is mandated to implement Indian Preference in its hiring practices, prioritizing qualified Native American applicants over non-Indian candidates, with certain exceptions.
As of 2007, the majority of IHS employees were non-Native American.
Answer: False
In 2007, approximately 71% of IHS employees were identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, indicating that the majority were members of the communities served.
Senator Byron Dorgan's 2010 report found the Aberdeen Area of the IHS to be in a stable condition with minimal issues.
Answer: False
Senator Byron Dorgan's 2010 report characterized the Aberdeen Area of the IHS as being in a 'chronic state of crisis,' citing significant management problems and a lack of oversight.
Michael D. Weahkee was confirmed as IHS director in April 2020 after facing scrutiny from Senator Jon Tester regarding budget adequacy.
Answer: True
Michael D. Weahkee faced scrutiny from Senator Jon Tester in July 2017 for not adequately addressing budget adequacy questions. He was later confirmed as IHS director in April 2020.
An IHS-commissioned report found that IHS officials properly investigated allegations against pediatrician Stanley Patrick Weber.
Answer: False
A 2019 IHS-commissioned report concluded that IHS officials failed to adequately investigate allegations against pediatrician Stanley Patrick Weber, even promoting him after accusations were made.
In 2014, a high percentage of IHS physicians were board-certified in emergency medicine.
Answer: False
Data from 2014 indicated that only a median of 13% of physicians in IHS facilities were board-certified in emergency medicine, suggesting a challenge in specialized staffing.
Remote location and lack of amenities are major obstacles for hiring and retaining staff in IHS clinics.
Answer: True
Studies have identified the remote location of clinics, coupled with a lack of amenities and isolation, as significant obstacles to successfully hiring and retaining healthcare professionals for IHS facilities.
The U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps provides administrative staff for the IHS.
Answer: False
While the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps provides many professional employees (physicians, nurses, etc.) for the IHS, their role is primarily clinical and operational, not administrative staff provision.
What is the IHS policy regarding hiring preferences?
Answer: Qualified Native American applicants are given preference over non-Indian candidates.
The IHS policy mandates giving preference to qualified Native American applicants over non-Indian candidates during the hiring process.
In 2007, what percentage of IHS employees were American Indian/Alaska Native?
Answer: Approximately 71%
As of 2007, approximately 71% of the employees within the IHS were American Indian or Alaska Native.
Senator Byron Dorgan's 2010 report characterized the Aberdeen Area of the IHS as being in:
Answer: A 'chronic state of crisis'.
Senator Byron Dorgan's 2010 report described the Aberdeen Area of the IHS as being in a 'chronic state of crisis,' highlighting severe management and oversight issues.
What issue led Senator Jon Tester to question Michael D. Weahkee regarding the IHS budget?
Answer: Weahkee's refusal to answer questions about the adequacy of the 2018 IHS budget proposal.
Senator Jon Tester questioned Michael D. Weahkee concerning the IHS budget due to Weahkee's refusal to directly answer questions regarding the adequacy of the 2018 IHS budget proposal.
What did an IHS-commissioned report find regarding the handling of allegations against pediatrician Stanley Patrick Weber?
Answer: IHS officials failed to properly investigate and even promoted him after accusations were made.
An IHS-commissioned report found that IHS officials did not properly investigate allegations against pediatrician Stanley Patrick Weber and, in fact, promoted him after the accusations were made.
What challenge did IHS facilities face regarding physician coverage in 2014?
Answer: A median of only 13% of physicians were board-certified in emergency medicine.
In 2014, IHS facilities faced challenges with physician coverage, notably that only a median of 13% of physicians were board-certified in emergency medicine.
What is identified as a major obstacle for hiring and retaining staff in IHS clinics, especially in remote locations?
Answer: Remote location and associated issues like isolation and lack of amenities.
The remote location of clinics, along with associated issues such as isolation and a lack of amenities, is identified as a major obstacle to hiring and retaining staff within IHS facilities.
The average cost per patient for IHS is higher than the national average healthcare cost.
Answer: False
The average cost per patient for IHS is significantly lower than the national average healthcare cost, indicating a disparity in per-patient funding compared to other healthcare systems.
Native Americans have a life expectancy comparable to the general U.S. population.
Answer: False
Native Americans generally have a shorter life expectancy than the general U.S. population, reflecting significant health disparities.
The gap in per capita healthcare spending between IHS beneficiaries and Medicare beneficiaries has decreased significantly over the past twenty years.
Answer: False
The disparity in per capita healthcare spending between IHS beneficiaries and Medicare beneficiaries has widened considerably over the past twenty years, growing eightfold.
The IHS has consistently been praised for its high quality of care and efficient management since its establishment.
Answer: False
The IHS has faced criticism regarding the quality of care and efficiency of management since its establishment, with some stakeholders perceiving the services as inadequate in medically underserved areas.
Lack of public health infrastructure and long travel distances to facilities contribute to higher chronic disease rates in Native communities.
Answer: True
The prevalence of higher chronic disease rates in Native communities is often linked to deficiencies in public health infrastructure and the considerable distances individuals must travel to access healthcare facilities.
Criticisms against the IHS include its services being perceived as adequate in medically underserved areas.
Answer: False
Criticisms leveled against the IHS often cite its services as being perceived as inadequate, rather than adequate, in medically underserved areas.
How does the average cost per patient for IHS compare to Medicare?
Answer: IHS cost per patient is significantly lower than Medicare.
The average cost per patient within the IHS is substantially lower than that associated with Medicare, highlighting a funding disparity.
Native Americans face health disparities, including:
Answer: A life expectancy approximately 4.5 years shorter than the general U.S. population.
Native Americans experience significant health disparities, including a life expectancy approximately 4.5 years shorter than the general U.S. population, alongside higher rates of chronic diseases.
Over the past twenty years, the disparity in per capita healthcare spending between IHS beneficiaries and Medicare beneficiaries has:
Answer: Grown eightfold.
The gap in per capita healthcare spending between IHS beneficiaries and Medicare beneficiaries has widened substantially over the past two decades, increasing eightfold.
What criticism has the IHS faced regarding its services in medically underserved areas?
Answer: Services are perceived as inadequate.
A recurring criticism of the IHS is that its services are perceived as inadequate by patients in the medically underserved areas it serves.
What are primary reasons cited for the higher rates of chronic diseases in Native communities?
Answer: Lack of public health infrastructure and long travel distances to healthcare.
Higher rates of chronic diseases in Native communities are attributed to factors such as the lack of robust public health infrastructure and the significant travel distances required to access healthcare facilities.
The Nuka System of Care, adopted by the Cherokee Indian Hospital, focuses solely on pharmaceutical treatments.
Answer: False
The Nuka System of Care is a holistic model emphasizing patient-centered delivery and overall wellness, encompassing physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health, not solely pharmaceutical treatments.
The Nuka System of Care's vision is focused solely on improving the physical health of patients.
Answer: False
The Nuka System of Care's vision is comprehensive, aiming for a Native community that enjoys physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual wellness, not solely physical health.
In the Nuka System, all Alaska Natives are considered 'customer-owners' with a role in decision-making.
Answer: True
Within the Nuka System of Care, every Alaska Native is recognized as a 'customer-owner,' implying an active role in decision-making processes related to their healthcare.
The Nuka System of Care, adopted by the Cherokee Indian Hospital, is a model developed by which organization?
Answer: Southcentral Foundation
The Nuka System of Care, a patient-centered healthcare model, was developed by the Southcentral Foundation.
What is the stated vision of the Nuka System of Care?
Answer: A Native community enjoying physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellness.
The stated vision of the Nuka System of Care is to foster a Native community that experiences comprehensive wellness across physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions.