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Total Categories: 6
Irreligion is defined as the absence, rejection, or indifference towards religious beliefs or practices.
Answer: True
Irreligion encompasses the absence, rejection, or indifference towards religious beliefs or practices, covering viewpoints such as atheism, agnosticism, and secularism.
Secularity is not necessarily opposed to religion, and one can be secular while holding religious beliefs.
Answer: True
Secularity does not necessarily imply opposition to religion, as individuals can be secular while maintaining religious beliefs or practices.
The Encyclopedia of Religion and Society defines 'secular' as the active rejection of religion.
Answer: False
The Encyclopedia of Religion and Society defines 'irreligion' as the active rejection of religion, while 'secular' denotes the absence of religion.
Agnostic atheism combines a lack of belief in deities with the view that their existence is unknowable.
Answer: True
Agnostic atheism is characterized by both a lack of belief in deities and the perspective that their existence is unknowable.
Deism posits that reason and observation are sufficient to determine the existence of a Supreme Being, rejecting divine intervention.
Answer: True
Deism asserts that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to establish the existence of a Supreme Being, while typically rejecting divine intervention.
Freethought advocates for forming opinions based on logic and evidence, rather than tradition or dogma.
Answer: True
Freethought champions the formation of opinions grounded in logic, reason, and empirical evidence, eschewing reliance on tradition or dogma.
Ignosticism considers the question of God's existence meaningless regardless of the definition of 'God'.
Answer: False
Ignosticism posits that the question of God's existence is meaningless specifically because the term 'God' itself lacks a coherent definition, making the question unanswerable without clarification.
What is the fundamental definition of irreligion?
Answer: The absence, rejection, or indifference towards religious beliefs or practices.
Irreligion is fundamentally defined as the absence, rejection, or indifference towards religious beliefs or practices.
Which of the following is NOT included in the broad definition of irreligion?
Answer: Theistic evolution
Theistic evolution, which reconciles evolutionary theory with belief in God, is not typically considered a form of irreligion, unlike atheism, skepticism, or secularism.
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between secularity and religion?
Answer: Secularity does not necessarily imply opposition to religion.
Secularity does not necessarily imply opposition to religion, as individuals can be secular while maintaining religious beliefs or practices.
How does the Encyclopedia of Religion and Society define 'irreligion' in contrast to 'secular'?
Answer: 'Irreligion' is active rejection; 'secular' is the absence of religion.
The Encyclopedia of Religion and Society defines 'secularism' as the absence of religion, whereas 'irreligion' is characterized as the active rejection of religion.
What is 'agnostic atheism'?
Answer: Lack of belief in deities combined with the view that their existence is unknowable.
Agnostic atheism is characterized by both a lack of belief in deities and the perspective that their existence is unknowable.
Which philosophical stance emphasizes forming opinions based on logic, reason, and empirical evidence, rather than tradition or dogma?
Answer: Freethought
Freethought is the philosophical stance that emphasizes forming opinions based on logic, reason, and empirical evidence, rather than tradition or dogma.
What is the core argument of ignosticism regarding the question of God's existence?
Answer: The question is meaningless because the term 'God' lacks a coherent definition.
The core argument of ignosticism is that the question of God's existence is meaningless because the term 'God' itself lacks a coherent definition.
Scholarly research on irreligion saw a significant increase starting around the year 2010.
Answer: True
Academic interest in irreligion grew notably around 2010, marking a significant increase in scholarly research on the topic.
The number of secular individuals globally has decreased over the past several decades.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, research indicates a significant increase in the number of secular individuals globally over recent decades.
Pew Research Center projections estimate that the share of irreligious people in the world population will decline by 2050.
Answer: True
Pew Research Center projections indicate a projected decline in the global share of irreligious people by 2050, primarily due to demographic factors in religious versus less religious countries.
Younger generations generally tend to be more religious than their elders.
Answer: False
Younger generations generally tend to be less religious than their elders.
In 2016, Zuckerman, Galen, and Pasquale estimated approximately 400 million nonreligious or nontheistic people worldwide.
Answer: True
Zuckerman, Galen, and Pasquale estimated in 2016 that approximately 400 million people globally identified as nonreligious or nontheistic.
A 2022 Gallup survey found that the majority of respondents globally identified as not religious or atheist.
Answer: False
A 2022 Gallup survey indicated that the majority of respondents globally identified as religious (62%), not as not religious or atheist.
The European Union, East Asia, and Oceania were identified as the least religious regions in a 2022 Gallup survey.
Answer: True
The European Union, East Asia, and Oceania were identified as the regions with the least religious populations according to the 2022 Gallup International Association survey.
In 2010, the majority of religiously unaffiliated individuals resided in North America.
Answer: False
In 2010, the majority of religiously unaffiliated individuals resided in the Asia-Pacific region, not North America.
Men, younger people, and individuals of Asian or Jewish heritage are generally less likely to identify as secular.
Answer: False
Men, younger people, and individuals of Asian or Jewish heritage are generally more likely to identify as secular compared to other demographic groups.
When did scholarly research specifically on irreligion begin to increase significantly?
Answer: Around 2010
Academic interest in irreligion grew notably around 2010, marking a significant increase in scholarly research on the topic.
What trend has been observed in the number of secular individuals globally over recent decades?
Answer: A significant increase
Over the past several decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of secular individuals worldwide, with a particularly rapid rise observed in the early 21st century across many countries.
What are the Pew Research Center's projections for the irreligious population by 2050?
Answer: Expected to decline from 16.4% to 13.2%
According to Pew Research Center projections, the share of irreligious people in the world population is expected to decline from 16.4% to 13.2% by 2050.
How do younger generations typically compare to older generations in terms of religiosity?
Answer: Younger generations are consistently less religious.
Younger generations generally tend to be less religious than their elders.
According to Zuckerman, Galen, and Pasquale's 2016 estimate, how many people worldwide were nonreligious or nontheistic?
Answer: Approximately 400 million
Zuckerman, Galen, and Pasquale estimated in 2016 that approximately 400 million people globally identified as nonreligious or nontheistic.
What did a 2022 Gallup International Association survey report regarding global religiosity?
Answer: 62% identified as religious, 25% as not religious, 10% as atheist.
A 2022 Gallup survey indicated that the majority of respondents globally identified as religious (62%), not as not religious or atheist.
Which regions were identified as having the least religious populations in the 2022 Gallup survey?
Answer: The European Union, East Asia, and Oceania
The European Union, East Asia, and Oceania were identified as the regions with the least religious populations according to the 2022 Gallup International Association survey.
According to Pew Research Center data from 2010, where did the majority of religiously unaffiliated individuals reside?
Answer: The Asia-Pacific region
In 2010, the majority of religiously unaffiliated individuals resided in the Asia-Pacific region, not North America.
Which demographic factors are associated with a higher likelihood of identifying as secular?
Answer: Younger age, male gender, and Asian or Jewish heritage
Younger age, male gender, and Asian or Jewish heritage are demographic factors associated with a higher likelihood of identifying as secular.
What is the general trend of religiosity observed in most high-income countries in recent decades?
Answer: Declining religiosity
In most high-income countries, religiosity has shown a declining trend in recent decades.
The 'secularization hypothesis' posits that the spread of scientific knowledge will lead to an increase in religious beliefs.
Answer: False
The secularization hypothesis actually posits that the spread of scientific knowledge leads to a *decline* in religious beliefs, not an increase.
The 'religious congruence fallacy' incorrectly assumes that religious beliefs and behaviors are always inconsistent.
Answer: False
The religious congruence fallacy incorrectly assumes that religious beliefs and behaviors are always *consistent*, not inconsistent.
The 'existential security' hypothesis links religiosity primarily to the spread of scientific knowledge.
Answer: False
The 'existential security' hypothesis links religiosity primarily to societal wealth and security, not the spread of scientific knowledge.
What does the secularization hypothesis propose?
Answer: The spread of scientific knowledge leads to a decline in religious beliefs.
The secularization hypothesis posits that the spread of scientific knowledge will lead to a decline in religious beliefs, replacing them with more naturalistic outlooks.
What is the 'religious congruence fallacy'?
Answer: Assuming religious beliefs and behaviors are always consistent.
The 'religious congruence fallacy' is the incorrect assumption that an individual's religious beliefs and behaviors are always consistent.
What does the 'existential security' hypothesis suggest is the primary driver of religiosity?
Answer: Societal wealth and security
The 'existential security' hypothesis suggests that societal wealth and security, rather than scientific knowledge, are the primary drivers of religiosity.
Estimating the global irreligious population is challenging due to inconsistent census data and varying cultural definitions of religion and secularism.
Answer: True
Estimating the global irreligious population is challenging due to inconsistent census data that often fails to distinguish between various non-religious identities and varying cultural definitions of religion and secularism.
'Cultural religion' does not affect the measurement of irreligion because it refers to active personal belief systems.
Answer: False
Cultural religion complicates the measurement of irreligion because it includes individuals who identify with a religion for cultural reasons without personal belief or practice, thus obscuring true non-adherence.
Why is it difficult to accurately estimate the number of irreligious people globally?
Answer: Census data often lacks distinctions between different non-religious identities, and cultural concepts vary.
Estimating the global irreligious population is challenging due to inconsistent census data that often fails to distinguish between various non-religious identities and varying cultural definitions of religion and secularism.
How does 'cultural religion' complicate the measurement of irreligion?
Answer: It includes individuals who identify with a religion for cultural reasons without personal belief or practice.
Cultural religion complicates measurement by including individuals who identify with a religion for cultural reasons without personal belief or practice, thus potentially masking true irreligion.
The term 'irreligion' first appeared in English in the 17th century.
Answer: False
The term 'irreligion' first appeared in English in 1598, which is the late 16th century, not the 17th century.
What is the etymological origin of the term 'irreligion'?
Answer: French or Latin roots combining 'ir-' (not) and 'religion'
The term 'irreligion' originates from French or Latin roots, combining the prefix 'ir-' (meaning 'not') with the word 'religion'.
Research suggests that highly secular societies tend to be both societally healthy and successful.
Answer: True
Research indicates a correlation between highly secular societies and indicators of societal health and success.
The UN Human Rights Committee protects only theistic beliefs under freedom of belief.
Answer: False
The UN Human Rights Committee's interpretation of freedom of belief includes theistic, non-theistic, and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion.
China's Constitution guarantees freedom of belief and prohibits discrimination against citizens based on their religious or non-religious views.
Answer: True
China's Constitution upholds freedom of belief and prohibits discrimination based on religious or non-religious views.
According to research, what is the tendency of highly secular societies?
Answer: To be both societally healthy and successful
Research indicates a correlation between highly secular societies and indicators of societal health and success.
According to the UN Human Rights Committee, what does Article 18 of the ICCPR protect regarding belief?
Answer: Theistic, non-theistic, and atheistic beliefs, and the right not to profess any religion.
Article 18 of the ICCPR, as interpreted by the UN Human Rights Committee, protects theistic, non-theistic, and atheistic beliefs, along with the right not to profess any religion.