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The Afonsine Dynasty was the last royal house to rule Portugal before the establishment of the First Republic.
Answer: False
The Afonsine Dynasty, also known as the Portuguese House of Burgundy, ruled Portugal until the 1383-1385 Crisis. Subsequent dynasties, including the House of Aviz and the House of Braganza, ruled before the establishment of the First Republic in 1910.
Portugal was part of the Iberian Union, a personal union with Habsburg Spain, from 1580 to 1640.
Answer: True
The Iberian Union, a period of personal union where the crowns of Portugal and Habsburg Spain were held by the same monarch, spanned from 1580 to 1640.
The 1383–1385 Crisis was a period of succession dispute that led to the end of the House of Aviz.
Answer: False
The 1383–1385 Crisis was a period of succession dispute that led to the end of the House of Burgundy (Afonsine Dynasty) and the establishment of the House of Aviz.
The Battle of Aljubarrota secured the throne for the House of Burgundy.
Answer: False
The Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385 was a decisive victory that secured the throne for the House of Aviz, not the House of Burgundy.
Which royal house ruled Portugal following the 1383–1385 Crisis?
Answer: House of Aviz
The 1383–1385 Crisis concluded with the ascension of the House of Aviz to the Portuguese throne, succeeding the House of Burgundy.
What was the 'Iberian Union'?
Answer: A personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Habsburg Spain.
The Iberian Union (1580-1640) was a period characterized by a personal union, where the crowns of Portugal and Habsburg Spain were held by the same monarch, effectively linking the two realms under a single sovereign.
What was the primary role of the House of Aviz during Portugal's history?
Answer: Ruling during the Age of Discovery and colonial expansion.
The House of Aviz, which reigned from the late 14th century, presided over Portugal's Age of Discovery, overseeing the establishment of a vast colonial empire and significant maritime exploration.
The Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385 was significant because it:
Answer: Secured the throne for the House of Aviz.
The Battle of Aljubarrota (1385) was a pivotal military engagement that confirmed the victory of the House of Aviz in the succession crisis, solidifying their claim to the Portuguese throne.
The Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668) resulted in Portugal becoming part of Spain.
Answer: False
The Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668) concluded the Iberian Union and re-established Portugal's independence, leading to the ascension of the House of Braganza, rather than Portugal becoming part of Spain.
Following the Restoration War, Portugal's global influence significantly increased, largely due to its expansion into Asia.
Answer: False
Following the Restoration War, Portugal's global influence began a period of decline, although it remained a significant power primarily due to its valuable colony, Brazil. Expansion into Asia was less of a focus compared to earlier periods.
The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was established in 1822.
Answer: False
The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was established in 1815, preceding Brazil's independence in 1822.
Which war concluded the Iberian Union and restored Portuguese independence?
Answer: The Portuguese Restoration War
The Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668) was the conflict that ended the Iberian Union and re-established Portugal's sovereignty, leading to the establishment of the House of Braganza.
What was a primary factor contributing to Portugal's significance as a power after the Restoration War?
Answer: Its valuable colony, Brazil.
Following the Restoration War, Brazil remained Portugal's most valuable colony and was a key factor in maintaining the kingdom's status as a significant global power, despite broader trends of imperial decline.
The 1890 British Ultimatum supported Portugal's colonial expansion efforts in Africa.
Answer: False
The 1890 British Ultimatum did not support Portugal's colonial expansion; rather, it compelled Portugal to withdraw its forces from disputed territories in Africa, significantly impacting its colonial ambitions and contributing to public discontent.
Portugal was an absolute monarchy throughout its entire existence, from 1139 to 1910.
Answer: False
Portugal transitioned through various forms of government. While it was an absolute monarchy for significant periods, it also experienced periods of semi-constitutional monarchy, particularly after 1834, until the monarchy's abolition in 1910.
The Lisbon Regicide of 1908 involved the assassination of King Manuel II and his brother.
Answer: False
The Lisbon Regicide of 1908 involved the assassination of King Carlos I and his heir, Prince Royal Luís Filipe. King Manuel II ascended the throne following this event.
Manuel II was the last King of Portugal, reigning until the establishment of the First Republic in 1910.
Answer: True
Manuel II was indeed the final monarch of Portugal, his reign concluding with the republican revolution of October 5, 1910.
The First Portuguese Republic was established on October 5, 1910, following a revolution that exiled King Manuel II.
Answer: True
The revolution of October 5, 1910, marked the end of the Portuguese monarchy and the proclamation of the First Portuguese Republic, with King Manuel II subsequently going into exile.
The Monarchy of the North was a successful royalist counterrevolution that lasted for several years.
Answer: False
The Monarchy of the North was a brief royalist counterrevolution proclaimed in Porto in January 1919. It was suppressed within approximately one month and was not successful in restoring the monarchy.
The Liberal Wars (Portuguese Civil War) were fought between supporters of absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy.
Answer: True
The Liberal Wars (1828-1834), also known as the Portuguese Civil War, were primarily fought between the absolutist forces loyal to Dom Miguel and the constitutionalist forces supporting Queen Maria II and her father, Pedro IV.
What was the effect of the 1890 British Ultimatum on Portugal?
Answer: It forced Portugal to halt its colonial expansion in Africa.
The 1890 British Ultimatum compelled Portugal to withdraw from territories in Southern Africa claimed by Portugal, effectively halting its expansionist ambitions in the region and causing significant national humiliation.
Which form of government did Portugal primarily have after 1834 until 1910?
Answer: Semi-constitutional Monarchy
Following the Liberal Wars and the establishment of the constitutional charter, Portugal operated as a semi-constitutional monarchy from 1834 until the revolution of 1910.
The assassination of King Carlos I and his heir occurred during which event?
Answer: The Lisbon Regicide
The assassination of King Carlos I and his heir, Prince Royal Luís Filipe, occurred during the event known as the Lisbon Regicide on February 1, 1908.
Who was the last king of Portugal before the establishment of the Republic?
Answer: King Manuel II
King Manuel II was the final monarch of Portugal, reigning from 1908 until the monarchy was overthrown and the First Portuguese Republic was proclaimed in 1910.
How long did the 'Monarchy of the North' counterrevolution last?
Answer: Approximately one month
The 'Monarchy of the North,' a royalist counterrevolution proclaimed in Porto in January 1919, was suppressed and concluded within approximately one month.
Portugal's approximate area in 1300 was around 350,000 square kilometers.
Answer: False
In 1300, the area of Portugal was approximately 90,000 square kilometers, significantly less than the 350,000 square kilometers stated.
The population of Portugal saw a significant increase from 800,000 in 1300 to approximately 9.27 million by 1900.
Answer: False
The population figures provided are inaccurate for the stated years. The population was approximately 800,000 in 1300, 9,270,000 in 1800, and 12,434,000 in 1900. The increase from 1300 to 1900 was substantial but not as described.
After 1910, Portugal's colonies became overseas provinces of the Portuguese Republic, with the last ones returning to African control in 1975.
Answer: True
Following the establishment of the Republic in 1910, Portugal's remaining colonies were reorganized as overseas provinces. The process of decolonization led to the independence of African territories like Angola and Mozambique in 1975, and Macau was returned to China in 1999.
Portugal maintained control over Tangier in North Africa until the 18th century.
Answer: False
Portugal held Tangier from 1471 until 1662, when it was ceded to England as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry. Control did not extend into the 18th century.
Goa, located in Portuguese India, remained under Portuguese control until 1961.
Answer: True
Goa, a significant territory within Portuguese India, remained under Portuguese administration until its annexation by India in 1961.
What was the approximate population of Portugal in the year 1800?
Answer: 9,270,000
The population of Portugal in the year 1800 is estimated to have been approximately 9,270,000 individuals.
Which of the following territories was NOT listed as a Portuguese possession in North Africa?
Answer: Algiers
While Ceuta, Tangier, and Mazagan were Portuguese possessions in North Africa, Algiers was not under Portuguese control during the period of their North African holdings.
For how long did Portugal control Brazil?
Answer: Over 300 years
Portugal's control over Brazil commenced with its discovery in 1500 and lasted until Brazil declared independence in 1822, spanning a period exceeding three centuries.
Which territory, listed as Portuguese, remained under its control until 1999?
Answer: Macau
Macau, a Portuguese trading post and territory in East Asia, remained under Portuguese administration until its handover to the People's Republic of China in 1999.
Lisbon has been the capital of Portugal since 1255.
Answer: True
Lisbon became the capital of Portugal in 1255, succeeding Coimbra, and has remained the capital city throughout subsequent periods of Portuguese history, including the monarchy and the republic.
Portuguese was the sole official language of the Kingdom of Portugal throughout its history.
Answer: False
While Portuguese was the primary language, Latin also held official status for administrative and liturgical purposes within the Kingdom of Portugal, particularly during medieval and early modern periods.
Roman Catholicism was designated as the official state religion of the Kingdom of Portugal.
Answer: True
Roman Catholicism held the status of the official state religion throughout the existence of the Kingdom of Portugal.
The motto of the Kingdom of Portugal was 'Libertas Quae Sera Tamen'.
Answer: False
The motto of the Kingdom of Portugal was 'In hoc signo vinces', which translates to 'In this sign thou shalt conquer'. 'Libertas Quae Sera Tamen' is the motto of Brazil.
The 'Hino da Carta' served as Portugal's national anthem from 1834 until the end of the monarchy.
Answer: True
The 'Hino da Carta' (Anthem of the Charter) was adopted as Portugal's national anthem in 1834 and remained so until the abolition of the monarchy in 1910.
The Portuguese real was the currency used from 1433 until the fall of the monarchy in 1910.
Answer: True
The Portuguese real was introduced in 1433 and served as the primary currency of Portugal until the end of the monarchy in 1910, succeeding the earlier Portuguese dinheiro.
The Cortes Gerais, comprising a Chamber of Peers and a Chamber of Deputies, was the legislative body from 1834 to 1910.
Answer: True
From 1834 until the end of the monarchy in 1910, the legislative power in Portugal was vested in the Cortes Gerais, structured with a Chamber of Peers and a Chamber of Deputies.
When did Lisbon officially become the capital of Portugal?
Answer: 1255
Lisbon was officially established as the capital of Portugal in 1255, succeeding Coimbra, and has remained the seat of government since that time.
Besides Portuguese, what other language held official status in the Kingdom of Portugal?
Answer: Latin
Latin served as an official language alongside Portuguese in the Kingdom of Portugal, primarily utilized for administrative, legal, and ecclesiastical purposes throughout much of its history.
What was the official state religion of the Kingdom of Portugal?
Answer: Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism was formally recognized and maintained as the official state religion of the Kingdom of Portugal throughout its existence.
What is the translation of the Portuguese motto 'In hoc signo vinces'?
Answer: In this sign thou shalt conquer
The Latin motto 'In hoc signo vinces', adopted by the Kingdom of Portugal, translates to 'In this sign thou shalt conquer'.
Which anthem served as Portugal's national anthem from 1809 to 1834?
Answer: Hymno Patriótico
The 'Hymno Patriótico' (Patriotic Anthem) served as the national anthem of Portugal during the period from 1809 to 1834.
Which currency replaced the Portuguese dinheiro in 1433?
Answer: The Real
The Portuguese real was introduced in 1433, replacing the earlier Portuguese dinheiro as the primary currency of the realm.
Which of the following was a key royal residence of the Portuguese monarchy?
Answer: Palace of Ajuda
The Palace of Ajuda served as a significant royal residence for the Portuguese monarchy, particularly during the later periods of the kingdom.
What does the gallery section of the article showcase regarding the Kingdom of Portugal?
Answer: Historical flags and coats of arms
The gallery section of the article features visual representations of Portugal's historical identity, specifically showcasing various flags, coats of arms, and heraldic shields used by the Kingdom throughout different periods of its existence.