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The Maithili Language: History, Linguistics, and Recognition

At a Glance

Title: The Maithili Language: History, Linguistics, and Recognition

Total Categories: 7

Category Stats

  • Geographic Distribution and Demographics: 4 flashcards, 8 questions
  • Historical Development and Linguistic Classification: 11 flashcards, 12 questions
  • Scripts and Orthography: 3 flashcards, 2 questions
  • Key Figures and Literary Contributions: 5 flashcards, 8 questions
  • Official Recognition and Status: 11 flashcards, 16 questions
  • Dialects and Regional Variations: 5 flashcards, 8 questions
  • Phonology and Linguistic Features: 11 flashcards, 5 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 50
  • True/False Questions: 33
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 26
  • Total Questions: 59

Instructions

Click the button to expand the instructions for how to use the Wiki2Web Teacher studio in order to print, edit, and export data about The Maithili Language: History, Linguistics, and Recognition

Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

This guide will turn you into a Wiki2web Studio power user. Let's unlock the features designed to give you back your weekends.

The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

Getting Started is Simple:

  • Create New Kit: Start with a clean slate. Perfect for a brand-new lesson idea.
  • Import & Edit Existing Kit: Load a .json kit file from your computer to continue your work or to modify a kit created by a colleague.
  • Restore Session: The Studio automatically saves your progress in your browser. If you get interrupted, you can restore your unsaved work with one click.

Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

This is the high-level control panel for your project.

  • Kit Name: Give your Kit a clear title. This will appear on all your printed materials.
  • Master Image: Upload a custom cover image for your Kit. This is essential for giving your content a professional visual identity, and it's used as the main graphic when you export your Kit as an interactive game.
  • Topics: Create the structure for your lesson. Add topics like "Chapter 1," "Vocabulary," or "Key Formulas." All flashcards and questions will be organized under these topics.

🃏 Flashcard Author: Building the Knowledge Blocks

Flashcards are the fundamental concepts of your Kit. Create them here to define terms, list facts, or pose simple questions.

  • Click "➕ Add New Flashcard" to open the editor.
  • Fill in the term/question and the definition/answer.
  • Assign the flashcard to one of your pre-defined topics.
  • To edit or remove a flashcard, simply use the ✏️ (Edit) or ❌ (Delete) icons next to any entry in the list.

✍️ Question Author: Assessing Understanding

Create a bank of questions to test knowledge. These questions are the engine for your worksheets and exams.

  • Click "➕ Add New Question".
  • Choose a Type: True/False for quick checks or Multiple Choice for more complex assessments.
  • To edit an existing question, click the ✏️ icon. You can change the question text, options, correct answer, and explanation at any time.
  • The Explanation field is a powerful tool: the text you enter here will automatically appear on the teacher's answer key and on the Smart Study Guide, providing instant feedback.

🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

This is the secret sauce of the Studio. The Mapper transforms your content from a simple list into an interconnected web of knowledge, automating the creation of amazing study guides.

  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

🎓 Smart Study Guide Maker

Instantly create the ultimate review document. It combines your questions, the correct answers, your detailed explanations, and all the "Related Concepts" you linked in the Mapper into one cohesive, printable guide.

📝 Worksheet & 📄 Exam Builder

Generate unique assessments every time. The questions and multiple-choice options are randomized automatically. Simply select your topics, choose how many questions you need, and generate:

  • A Student Version, clean and ready for quizzing.
  • A Teacher Version, complete with a detailed answer key and the explanations you wrote.

🖨️ Flashcard Printer

Forget wrestling with table layouts in a word processor. Select a topic, choose a cards-per-page layout, and instantly generate perfectly formatted, print-ready flashcard sheets.

Step 3: Saving and Collaborating

  • 💾 Export & Save Kit: This is your primary save function. It downloads the entire Kit (content, images, and all) to your computer as a single .json file. Use this to create permanent backups and share your work with others.
  • ➕ Import & Merge Kit: Combine your work. You can merge a colleague's Kit into your own or combine two of your lessons into a larger review Kit.

You're now ready to reclaim your time.

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Study Guide: The Maithili Language: History, Linguistics, and Recognition

Study Guide: The Maithili Language: History, Linguistics, and Recognition

Geographic Distribution and Demographics

Maithili is primarily spoken in the Mithila region, which includes parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, and provinces in Nepal.

Answer: True

The linguistic data confirms that Maithili's primary domain is the Mithila region, encompassing territories within both India (Bihar, Jharkhand) and Nepal, aligning with its status as a scheduled language.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.
  • In which divisions of Bihar and Jharkhand is Maithili mainly spoken?: In Bihar, Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Darbhanga, Madhubani, Tirhut, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, and Munger divisions. In Jharkhand, it is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division.

Approximately 3.2 million people speak Maithili in India, while the majority of its speakers reside in Nepal.

Answer: False

The source indicates that approximately 21.7 million people speak Maithili in total, with about 3.2 million residing in Nepal, meaning the majority of speakers are in India.

Related Concepts:

  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.

Maithili is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division of Bihar and the Purnia division of Jharkhand.

Answer: False

The Santhal Pargana division is primarily associated with Jharkhand, not Bihar, and Maithili is spoken there. However, the Purnia division is in Bihar, not Jharkhand. The statement incorrectly assigns divisions to states.

Related Concepts:

  • In which divisions of Bihar and Jharkhand is Maithili mainly spoken?: In Bihar, Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Darbhanga, Madhubani, Tirhut, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, and Munger divisions. In Jharkhand, it is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.

Janakpur in Nepal and Madhubani in India are considered minor centers for Maithili culture.

Answer: False

Janakpur in Nepal and Madhubani in India are recognized as significant cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language, not minor ones.

Related Concepts:

  • What are considered important cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language?: Darbhanga, Madhubani (in India), and Janakpur (in Nepal) are recognized as significant cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.

Which region is considered the primary area where the Maithili language is spoken?

Answer: The Mithila region spanning parts of India and Nepal

The primary geographic locus for the Maithili language is the Mithila region, which extends across parts of India (Bihar, Jharkhand) and Nepal, as detailed in the supporting linguistic data.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.
  • What is the standard form of Maithili, and where is it spoken?: The standard form of Maithili is called Sotipura, also known as Central Maithili. It is primarily spoken in districts such as Darbhanga, Madhubani, Supaul, Madhepura, Purnia, Samastipur, Araria, and Saharsa in India, and in Dhanusha, Mahottari, Siraha, Saptari, Sarlahi, Sunsari, and Morang districts in Nepal.

What is the approximate total number of Maithili speakers mentioned in the source?

Answer: Around 21.7 million

The source indicates that approximately 21.7 million individuals speak the Maithili language.

Related Concepts:

  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • In which divisions of Bihar and Jharkhand is Maithili mainly spoken?: In Bihar, Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Darbhanga, Madhubani, Tirhut, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, and Munger divisions. In Jharkhand, it is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a division in Bihar where Maithili is predominantly spoken?

Answer: Patna

While Darbhanga, Purnia, and Munger are noted divisions where Maithili is spoken, Patna is not explicitly listed as a primary division for its predominant usage in the provided text.

Related Concepts:

  • In which divisions of Bihar and Jharkhand is Maithili mainly spoken?: In Bihar, Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Darbhanga, Madhubani, Tirhut, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, and Munger divisions. In Jharkhand, it is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.

According to the source, which city is recognized as a significant cultural and linguistic center for Maithili in Nepal?

Answer: Janakpur

Janakpur in Nepal is identified as a significant cultural and linguistic hub for the Maithili language.

Related Concepts:

  • What are considered important cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language?: Darbhanga, Madhubani (in India), and Janakpur (in Nepal) are recognized as significant cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Historical Development and Linguistic Classification

Early linguists like John Beames initially classified Maithili as a dialect of Hindi.

Answer: False

John Beames initially classified Maithili as a dialect of Bengali, not Hindi. Rudolf Hoernlé also considered it a dialect of Eastern Hindi but later noted its stronger similarities to Bengali.

Related Concepts:

  • How was Maithili classified by early linguists like Beames and Hoernlé?: In the 1870s, John Beames initially considered Maithili a dialect of Bengali. Rudolf Hoernlé initially treated it as a dialect of Eastern Hindi but later recognized its stronger similarities to Bengali than to Hindi.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • What are the primary Indo-Aryan language groups mentioned in relation to Maithili?: Maithili is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, specifically within the Bihari subgroup. The article also details its relation to Northern, Central, and Southern Indo-Aryan languages through various comparative tables and classifications.

George Abraham Grierson was the first to recognize Maithili as a distinct language and published its first grammar.

Answer: True

George Abraham Grierson is credited with recognizing Maithili as a distinct language and publishing its first grammar, classifying it within the Bihari subgroup.

Related Concepts:

  • What was George Abraham Grierson's contribution to the classification of Maithili?: George Abraham Grierson recognized Maithili as a distinct language, grouping it under the 'Bihari' languages. He also published the first grammar of Maithili in 1881.

Suniti Kumar Chatterji grouped Maithili with the Magadhi Prakrit language.

Answer: True

Linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji's classification placed Maithili within the lineage of the Magadhi Prakrit language.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Suniti Kumar Chatterji classify Maithili?: Suniti Kumar Chatterji grouped Maithili with the Magadhi Prakrit language.
  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.
  • What are the primary Indo-Aryan language groups mentioned in relation to Maithili?: Maithili is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, specifically within the Bihari subgroup. The article also details its relation to Northern, Central, and Southern Indo-Aryan languages through various comparative tables and classifications.

The name 'Maithili' is derived from the ancient kingdom of Mithila and is associated with the goddess Sita.

Answer: True

The etymology of 'Maithili' is rooted in the ancient kingdom of Mithila, and it is also linked to Sita, the mythological princess of that kingdom.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the name 'Maithili'?: The name 'Maithili' is derived from 'Mithila,' an ancient kingdom ruled by King Janaka. Maithili is also a name associated with Sita, the wife of Rama and daughter of King Janaka.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.

The 'Charyapadas,' Buddhist verses from the 11th-14th centuries, are believed to contain early traces of the Maithili language.

Answer: True

Scholarly analysis suggests that the Charyapadas, a collection of Buddhist mystical verses, contain linguistic elements indicative of early or proto-Maithili.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the Charyapadas in relation to Maithili?: The Charyapadas, a collection of Buddhist mystical verses, are considered by some scholars, including Rahul Sankrityayan and Jayakant Mishra, to contain traces of ancient or proto-Maithili, linking the language's origins to early medieval Eastern India.
  • What are the earliest known literary works associated with the origins of Maithili?: The beginnings of Maithili language and literature are traced back to the 'Charyapadas,' Buddhist mystical verses composed between 700-1300 AD. Scholars suggest these verses contain traces of ancient or proto-Maithili.
  • What historical linguistic connections does Maithili share with other Prakrit languages?: Maithili is considered to have evolved from Magadhi Prakrit, passing through stages like Magadhan Apabhramsa and Abahattha, reflecting a lineage common to other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages.

An early European reference to Maithili, called 'Tourutiana,' appeared in 1771.

Answer: True

The term 'Tourutiana,' an early European designation for Maithili, was documented in 1771, indicating early scholarly interest in the language.

Related Concepts:

  • What early references exist for the Maithili language in European writings?: An early reference to Maithili, termed 'Tourutiana,' appeared in Amaduzzi's preface to Beligatti's Alphabetum Brammhanicum in 1771. Colebrooke's 1801 essay was among the first to describe Maithili as a distinct dialect.

Maithili is classified under the Western Indo-Aryan language group.

Answer: False

Maithili is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group, specifically within the Bihari subgroup.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.
  • What are the primary Indo-Aryan language groups mentioned in relation to Maithili?: Maithili is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, specifically within the Bihari subgroup. The article also details its relation to Northern, Central, and Southern Indo-Aryan languages through various comparative tables and classifications.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

How did John Beames initially classify Maithili in the 1870s?

Answer: As a dialect of Bengali

In the 1870s, the linguist John Beames classified Maithili as a dialect of Bengali, a classification later refined by other scholars.

Related Concepts:

  • How was Maithili classified by early linguists like Beames and Hoernlé?: In the 1870s, John Beames initially considered Maithili a dialect of Bengali. Rudolf Hoernlé initially treated it as a dialect of Eastern Hindi but later recognized its stronger similarities to Bengali than to Hindi.
  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.
  • What are the primary Indo-Aryan language groups mentioned in relation to Maithili?: Maithili is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, specifically within the Bihari subgroup. The article also details its relation to Northern, Central, and Southern Indo-Aryan languages through various comparative tables and classifications.

George Abraham Grierson is credited with which significant contribution to Maithili studies?

Answer: Recognizing Maithili as a distinct language and publishing its first grammar

George Abraham Grierson's seminal contribution was identifying Maithili as a distinct language and producing its first comprehensive grammar.

Related Concepts:

  • What was George Abraham Grierson's contribution to the classification of Maithili?: George Abraham Grierson recognized Maithili as a distinct language, grouping it under the 'Bihari' languages. He also published the first grammar of Maithili in 1881.

What is the etymological origin of the name 'Maithili'?

Answer: It is derived from the ancient kingdom of Mithila and is associated with Sita.

The nomenclature 'Maithili' originates from the historical region of Mithila and is closely associated with Sita, the mythological princess of that kingdom.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the name 'Maithili'?: The name 'Maithili' is derived from 'Mithila,' an ancient kingdom ruled by King Janaka. Maithili is also a name associated with Sita, the wife of Rama and daughter of King Janaka.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.

Which collection of Buddhist mystical verses is considered to contain traces of early or proto-Maithili?

Answer: The Charyapadas

The Charyapadas, a corpus of Buddhist mystical songs, are posited by scholars to contain linguistic evidence of early or proto-Maithili.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the Charyapadas in relation to Maithili?: The Charyapadas, a collection of Buddhist mystical verses, are considered by some scholars, including Rahul Sankrityayan and Jayakant Mishra, to contain traces of ancient or proto-Maithili, linking the language's origins to early medieval Eastern India.
  • What are the earliest known literary works associated with the origins of Maithili?: The beginnings of Maithili language and literature are traced back to the 'Charyapadas,' Buddhist mystical verses composed between 700-1300 AD. Scholars suggest these verses contain traces of ancient or proto-Maithili.

Which classification best describes Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family, according to the source?

Answer: Eastern Indo-Aryan (Bihari subgroup)

Maithili is linguistically classified as belonging to the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, specifically within the Bihari subgroup.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the linguistic classification of Maithili within the Indo-Aryan language family?: Maithili belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. More specifically, it is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Bihari subgroup.
  • What are the primary Indo-Aryan language groups mentioned in relation to Maithili?: Maithili is classified under the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, specifically within the Bihari subgroup. The article also details its relation to Northern, Central, and Southern Indo-Aryan languages through various comparative tables and classifications.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Scripts and Orthography

The Devanagari script is the only writing system ever used for the Maithili language.

Answer: False

Historical and contemporary usage demonstrates that while Devanagari is predominant, the Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts have also been employed for writing Maithili.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main writing systems used for the Maithili language?: The Maithili language is primarily written using the Devanagari script. However, the historical Tirhuta script, which is considered its original script, and the Kaithi script have also been used, with Tirhuta experiencing a revival in interest in the 21st century.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • How did the use of different scripts for Maithili evolve over time?: Initially written in Tirhuta, Maithili usage shifted towards Kaithi by the early 20th century, especially among non-Brahman communities. The spread of Devanagari, influenced by scholars from Banaras, eventually led to its dominance, though Tirhuta remains in use for specific purposes and has seen renewed interest.

Which script is considered the original script for Maithili, although Devanagari is now predominantly used?

Answer: Tirhuta

The Tirhuta script, also known as Mithilakshara, is considered the historical and original script for Maithili, though Devanagari is now more commonly used.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main writing systems used for the Maithili language?: The Maithili language is primarily written using the Devanagari script. However, the historical Tirhuta script, which is considered its original script, and the Kaithi script have also been used, with Tirhuta experiencing a revival in interest in the 21st century.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • How did the use of different scripts for Maithili evolve over time?: Initially written in Tirhuta, Maithili usage shifted towards Kaithi by the early 20th century, especially among non-Brahman communities. The spread of Devanagari, influenced by scholars from Banaras, eventually led to its dominance, though Tirhuta remains in use for specific purposes and has seen renewed interest.

Key Figures and Literary Contributions

Gopal Jee Thakur was the first Member of Parliament to deliver a speech in Maithili in the Indian Parliament.

Answer: True

Gopal Jee Thakur holds the distinction of being the inaugural Member of Parliament to address the Indian Parliament in the Maithili language.

Related Concepts:

  • Who was the first Member of Parliament to speak in Maithili in the Indian Parliament?: Gopal Jee Thakur, the Member of Parliament for Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency, was the first to speak in the Maithili language in the Parliament of India.

Jyotirishwar Thakur wrote the Varna Ratnakara, the first known Maithili prose work, in the Devanagari script.

Answer: False

The Varna Ratnakara, attributed to Jyotirishwar Thakur, is recognized as the earliest known Maithili prose work, and it was historically composed using the Tirhuta (Mithilakshar) script, not Devanagari.

Related Concepts:

  • Who was Jyotirishwar Thakur and what is his contribution to Maithili?: Jyotirishwar Thakur, active in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, is credited with writing the Varna Ratnakara, the first known prose work in Maithili, which was written in the Mithilakshar script.
  • Who wrote the Varna Ratnakara, and what is its significance?: Jyotirishwar Thakur (1280–1340) wrote the Varna Ratnakara in Maithili prose. This work is significant as it is considered the earliest known prose text in Maithili and possibly the first prose work in any modern Indian language, written in the Mithilakshar script.
  • What is the role of the Tirhuta script in Maithili's orthography?: The Tirhuta script, also known as Mithilakshara, was historically used for writing Maithili from the 14th century onwards. While Devanagari has become dominant, Tirhuta has seen a resurgence and is included in Unicode.

Vidyapati Thakur, a 14th-century poet, wrote extensively on themes of love and devotion, influencing literature in Assam and Bengal.

Answer: True

Vidyapati Thakur's prolific works, focusing on themes of love and devotion, significantly influenced literary traditions in regions such as Assam and Bengal.

Related Concepts:

  • Which poet is considered a major figure in Maithili literature from the 14th century?: Vidyapati Thakur (1360–1450) is a significant poet in Maithili literature, known for his extensive collection of songs on themes of love and devotion, which influenced religious literature in regions like Assam, Bengal, and Utkala Kingdom.
  • How did Vidyapati's work influence other literary traditions?: Vidyapati's love songs gained widespread popularity and influenced the religious literature of Assam, Bengal, and the Utkala Kingdom. Rabindranath Tagore even composed poems imitating his style under the pseudonym Bhanusimha.

Rabindranath Tagore imitated Vidyapati's style under the pseudonym Bhanusimha.

Answer: True

The renowned poet Rabindranath Tagore drew inspiration from Vidyapati's style, composing works under the literary pseudonym Bhanusimha.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Vidyapati's work influence other literary traditions?: Vidyapati's love songs gained widespread popularity and influenced the religious literature of Assam, Bengal, and the Utkala Kingdom. Rabindranath Tagore even composed poems imitating his style under the pseudonym Bhanusimha.

The Varna Ratnakara is considered the earliest known prose work in any modern Indian language.

Answer: True

Jyotirishwar Thakur's Varna Ratnakara is recognized not only as the earliest Maithili prose work but potentially as the first prose work in any modern Indian language.

Related Concepts:

  • Who wrote the Varna Ratnakara, and what is its significance?: Jyotirishwar Thakur (1280–1340) wrote the Varna Ratnakara in Maithili prose. This work is significant as it is considered the earliest known prose text in Maithili and possibly the first prose work in any modern Indian language, written in the Mithilakshar script.
  • Who was Jyotirishwar Thakur and what is his contribution to Maithili?: Jyotirishwar Thakur, active in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, is credited with writing the Varna Ratnakara, the first known prose work in Maithili, which was written in the Mithilakshar script.

Who holds the distinction of being the first Member of Parliament to speak in Maithili in the Indian Parliament?

Answer: Gopal Jee Thakur

Gopal Jee Thakur achieved the milestone of being the first Member of Parliament to deliver a speech in the Maithili language within the Indian Parliament.

Related Concepts:

  • Who was the first Member of Parliament to speak in Maithili in the Indian Parliament?: Gopal Jee Thakur, the Member of Parliament for Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency, was the first to speak in the Maithili language in the Parliament of India.

Who is credited with writing the Varna Ratnakara, considered the earliest known prose text in Maithili?

Answer: Jyotirishwar Thakur

The Varna Ratnakara, recognized as the earliest known prose work in Maithili, is attributed to the scholar Jyotirishwar Thakur.

Related Concepts:

  • Who was Jyotirishwar Thakur and what is his contribution to Maithili?: Jyotirishwar Thakur, active in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, is credited with writing the Varna Ratnakara, the first known prose work in Maithili, which was written in the Mithilakshar script.
  • Who wrote the Varna Ratnakara, and what is its significance?: Jyotirishwar Thakur (1280–1340) wrote the Varna Ratnakara in Maithili prose. This work is significant as it is considered the earliest known prose text in Maithili and possibly the first prose work in any modern Indian language, written in the Mithilakshar script.

The poet Vidyapati Thakur, active in the 14th-15th centuries, is known for his works on:

Answer: Love and devotion

Vidyapati Thakur, a prominent 14th-15th century poet, is celebrated for his extensive compositions centered on themes of love and devotion.

Related Concepts:

  • Which poet is considered a major figure in Maithili literature from the 14th century?: Vidyapati Thakur (1360–1450) is a significant poet in Maithili literature, known for his extensive collection of songs on themes of love and devotion, which influenced religious literature in regions like Assam, Bengal, and Utkala Kingdom.

Official Recognition and Status

Maithili was officially recognized as a scheduled language in India in 2003.

Answer: True

Maithili was formally included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the current status of Maithili in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?: Since 2002, Maithili has been recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language, making it one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

The state of Jharkhand granted Maithili the status of a second official language in March 2018.

Answer: True

In March 2018, the government of Jharkhand officially designated Maithili as its second official language.

Related Concepts:

  • Which Indian state recently granted Maithili second official language status?: In March 2018, the Indian state of Jharkhand granted Maithili the status of a second official language.
  • What is the current status of Maithili in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?: Since 2002, Maithili has been recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language, making it one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.

On Constitution Day 2024, the President of India launched the Hindi version of the Indian Constitution.

Answer: False

The event on Constitution Day 2024 involved the launch of the *Maithili* version of the Indian Constitution by the President of India, not the Hindi version.

Related Concepts:

  • What significant event occurred on Constitution Day 2024 concerning the Maithili language?: On Constitution Day, November 26, 2024, the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, launched the Maithili version of the Indian Constitution.
  • What is the current situation regarding the classical language status for Maithili?: In October 2024, India accorded classical status to five additional languages, but Maithili missed out due to the lack of a proposal from the Bihar government. However, the campaign for its classical status gained momentum following this decision.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.

During the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal, Maithili dramas were produced, but the language did not spread widely.

Answer: False

During the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal, Maithili dramas were indeed produced, and the language experienced significant proliferation throughout the region.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Maithili literature develop during the Malla period in Nepal?: During the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal from the 16th to 17th centuries, Maithili literature flourished, with the production of numerous dramas. Some of these dramas featured characters speaking colloquial Maithili alongside other languages like Bengali and Sanskrit.
  • What role did the Malla dynasty play in the spread of Maithili?: During the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal (16th-17th centuries), Maithili spread widely throughout the region, with at least seventy Maithili dramas produced during this period. King Bhupatindra Malla was a notable patron, composing 26 plays in the language.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.

The British Raj's takeover of the Darbhanga Raj led to a significant promotion of the Maithili language.

Answer: False

The British Raj's administration following the takeover of the Darbhanga Raj exhibited a lackadaisical approach towards the promotion of the Maithili language, necessitating subsequent revival efforts.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the British Raj period affect the Maithili language?: Following the takeover of the Darbhanga Raj by the British Raj as regent after 1860, the Zamindari Raj showed a lackadaisical approach towards Maithili. The language's use was later revived through the personal efforts of scholars like MM Parameshvar Mishra and Chanda Jha.
  • What are considered important cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language?: Darbhanga, Madhubani (in India), and Janakpur (in Nepal) are recognized as significant cultural and linguistic centers for the Maithili language.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

The Maithil Mahasabha, founded in 1910, was instrumental in campaigning for Maithili's official recognition.

Answer: True

Established in 1910, the Maithil Mahasabha played a pivotal role in advocating for the official recognition of the Maithili language.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the Maithil Mahasabha organization?: Established in 1910, the Maithil Mahasabha was the first social organization dedicated to the development of Mithila and Maithili. It campaigned for the official recognition of Maithili as a regional language, and Calcutta University recognized it in 1917.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Maithili was accepted by the Sahitya Akademi in 1965.

Answer: True

The Sahitya Akademi, India's national academy for literature, officially recognized Maithili in 1965.

Related Concepts:

  • When was Maithili officially accepted by the Sahitya Akademi?: Maithili was officially accepted by the Sahitya Akademi, an organization promoting Indian literature, in 1965.
  • What role did the Sahitya Akademi play in the recognition of Maithili?: The Sahitya Akademi, an Indian organization dedicated to promoting literature, officially recognized Maithili in 1965, acknowledging its significance within the Indian literary landscape.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Maithili was granted classical language status by India in October 2024.

Answer: False

While classical language status was considered in October 2024, Maithili did not receive it at that time due to procedural reasons, specifically the lack of a proposal from the Bihar government.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the current situation regarding the classical language status for Maithili?: In October 2024, India accorded classical status to five additional languages, but Maithili missed out due to the lack of a proposal from the Bihar government. However, the campaign for its classical status gained momentum following this decision.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.
  • What is the current status of Maithili in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?: Since 2002, Maithili has been recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language, making it one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India.

In what year was Maithili officially included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?

Answer: 2003

Maithili was officially recognized as a scheduled language in India when it was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution in the year 2003.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the current status of Maithili in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?: Since 2002, Maithili has been recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language, making it one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Which Indian state granted Maithili the status of a second official language in March 2018?

Answer: Jharkhand

In March 2018, the state of Jharkhand officially conferred upon Maithili the status of a second official language.

Related Concepts:

  • Which Indian state recently granted Maithili second official language status?: In March 2018, the Indian state of Jharkhand granted Maithili the status of a second official language.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.

What significant event related to the Maithili language occurred on Constitution Day 2024?

Answer: The President of India launched the Maithili version of the Indian Constitution.

On Constitution Day 2024, the President of India formally launched the Maithili translation of the Indian Constitution, marking a significant event for the language.

Related Concepts:

  • What significant event occurred on Constitution Day 2024 concerning the Maithili language?: On Constitution Day, November 26, 2024, the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, launched the Maithili version of the Indian Constitution.
  • What is the current situation regarding the classical language status for Maithili?: In October 2024, India accorded classical status to five additional languages, but Maithili missed out due to the lack of a proposal from the Bihar government. However, the campaign for its classical status gained momentum following this decision.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.

During which period did Maithili spread widely in Nepal, with the production of numerous dramas?

Answer: The Malla dynasty's rule

Maithili experienced significant proliferation and literary production, including numerous dramas, during the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Maithili literature develop during the Malla period in Nepal?: During the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal from the 16th to 17th centuries, Maithili literature flourished, with the production of numerous dramas. Some of these dramas featured characters speaking colloquial Maithili alongside other languages like Bengali and Sanskrit.
  • What role did the Malla dynasty play in the spread of Maithili?: During the Malla dynasty's rule in Nepal (16th-17th centuries), Maithili spread widely throughout the region, with at least seventy Maithili dramas produced during this period. King Bhupatindra Malla was a notable patron, composing 26 plays in the language.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.

What was the impact of the British Raj's takeover of the Darbhanga Raj on the Maithili language, according to the text?

Answer: It was met with a lackadaisical approach, requiring later revival efforts.

The British administration's approach to the Darbhanga Raj following its takeover was characterized by a lack of proactive promotion for the Maithili language, necessitating subsequent revival initiatives.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the British Raj period affect the Maithili language?: Following the takeover of the Darbhanga Raj by the British Raj as regent after 1860, the Zamindari Raj showed a lackadaisical approach towards Maithili. The language's use was later revived through the personal efforts of scholars like MM Parameshvar Mishra and Chanda Jha.

The Maithil Mahasabha organization, established in 1910, played a key role in:

Answer: Campaigning for the official recognition of Maithili

The Maithil Mahasabha, founded in 1910, was instrumental in spearheading campaigns for the official recognition of the Maithili language.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the Maithil Mahasabha organization?: Established in 1910, the Maithil Mahasabha was the first social organization dedicated to the development of Mithila and Maithili. It campaigned for the official recognition of Maithili as a regional language, and Calcutta University recognized it in 1917.

In which year did the Sahitya Akademi officially accept Maithili?

Answer: 1965

Maithili received official acceptance from the Sahitya Akademi in the year 1965.

Related Concepts:

  • When was Maithili officially accepted by the Sahitya Akademi?: Maithili was officially accepted by the Sahitya Akademi, an organization promoting Indian literature, in 1965.
  • What role did the Sahitya Akademi play in the recognition of Maithili?: The Sahitya Akademi, an Indian organization dedicated to promoting literature, officially recognized Maithili in 1965, acknowledging its significance within the Indian literary landscape.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.

Why did Maithili miss out on being granted classical language status in October 2024, according to the source?

Answer: There was a lack of a proposal from the Bihar government.

Maithili's omission from the list of languages granted classical status in October 2024 is attributed to the absence of a formal proposal submitted by the Bihar state government.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the current situation regarding the classical language status for Maithili?: In October 2024, India accorded classical status to five additional languages, but Maithili missed out due to the lack of a proposal from the Bihar government. However, the campaign for its classical status gained momentum following this decision.
  • When was Maithili officially recognized in India, and where else does it hold official status?: Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003, granting it official recognition as an Indian language. It also holds official status in Nepal, specifically in the Madhesh and Koshi provinces.
  • What is the current status of Maithili in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?: Since 2002, Maithili has been recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language, making it one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India.

Dialects and Regional Variations

Sotipura, or Central Maithili, is spoken mainly in districts like Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur in India.

Answer: False

Sotipura, or Central Maithili, is primarily spoken in districts such as Darbhanga and Madhubani, not Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur, which are associated with Bajjika.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the standard form of Maithili, and where is it spoken?: The standard form of Maithili is called Sotipura, also known as Central Maithili. It is primarily spoken in districts such as Darbhanga, Madhubani, Supaul, Madhepura, Purnia, Samastipur, Araria, and Saharsa in India, and in Dhanusha, Mahottari, Siraha, Saptari, Sarlahi, Sunsari, and Morang districts in Nepal.
  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Bajjika is recognized as a distinct language in Nepal and is primarily spoken in western Bihar districts.

Answer: True

Bajjika, also known as Western Maithili, is recognized as a distinct language in Nepal and is predominantly spoken in western Bihar districts.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Bajjika, and where is it spoken?: Bajjika, also referred to as Western Maithili, is a dialect spoken mainly in the Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, and Sheohar districts of Bihar, India, and in Rautahat and Sarlahi districts of Nepal. It is recognized as a distinct language in Nepal and shares significant intelligibility with other Maithili dialects.

The Thethi dialect is predominantly spoken in the Bhagalpur and Munger districts of Bihar.

Answer: False

The Thethi dialect is primarily spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar, not exclusively Bhagalpur and Munger.

Related Concepts:

  • Which dialects are primarily spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar?: The Thethi dialect is mainly spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar, as well as in Mokama and some adjoining districts in Nepal.
  • In which divisions of Bihar and Jharkhand is Maithili mainly spoken?: In Bihar, Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Darbhanga, Madhubani, Tirhut, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, and Munger divisions. In Jharkhand, it is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division.

The Angika dialect is primarily spoken in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand and surrounding Bihar districts.

Answer: True

The Angika dialect is predominantly spoken in districts such as Bhagalpur and Munger in Bihar, and in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand.

Related Concepts:

  • Where is the Angika dialect of Maithili predominantly spoken?: The Angika dialect is primarily spoken in and around the Bhagalpur, Banka, and Munger districts of Bihar, and in the Godda, Sahebganj, and Dumka districts of Jharkhand.

All dialects of Maithili are considered mutually unintelligible by native speakers.

Answer: False

Contrary to the statement, the source indicates that all the various dialects of Maithili are considered intelligible to native Maithili speakers.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Maithili and where is it primarily spoken?: Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Mithila region, which spans parts of the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, as well as the Madhesh and Koshi Provinces of Nepal. It is recognized as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
  • How many people speak Maithili, and what is its status in Nepal?: Maithili is spoken by approximately 21.7 million people, with about 3.2 million of those speakers residing in Nepal. Constitutionally, it is recognized as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal, specifically used for administration in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province.
  • Are all Maithili dialects mutually intelligible?: According to the source, all the various dialects of Maithili are considered intelligible to native Maithili speakers.

The dialect known as Bajjika is also referred to as:

Answer: Western Maithili

The dialect Bajjika is also identified as Western Maithili, spoken predominantly in specific districts of Bihar and Nepal.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Bajjika, and where is it spoken?: Bajjika, also referred to as Western Maithili, is a dialect spoken mainly in the Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, and Sheohar districts of Bihar, India, and in Rautahat and Sarlahi districts of Nepal. It is recognized as a distinct language in Nepal and shares significant intelligibility with other Maithili dialects.

Which dialect is primarily spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar, according to the source?

Answer: Thethi

The Thethi dialect is predominantly spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar.

Related Concepts:

  • Which dialects are primarily spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar?: The Thethi dialect is mainly spoken in the Kosi, Purnia, and Munger divisions of Bihar, as well as in Mokama and some adjoining districts in Nepal.

The Angika dialect of Maithili is predominantly spoken in districts like Bhagalpur and Banka in Bihar, and which districts in Jharkhand?

Answer: Godda, Sahebganj, Dumka

The Angika dialect extends into Jharkhand, being predominantly spoken in districts such as Godda, Sahebganj, and Dumka, in addition to its prevalence in Bihar.

Related Concepts:

  • Where is the Angika dialect of Maithili predominantly spoken?: The Angika dialect is primarily spoken in and around the Bhagalpur, Banka, and Munger districts of Bihar, and in the Godda, Sahebganj, and Dumka districts of Jharkhand.
  • In which divisions of Bihar and Jharkhand is Maithili mainly spoken?: In Bihar, Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Darbhanga, Madhubani, Tirhut, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, and Munger divisions. In Jharkhand, it is mainly spoken in the Santhal Pargana division.

Phonology and Linguistic Features

Maithili phonology includes nasal counterparts for all its vowel sounds.

Answer: True

A key feature of Maithili phonology is the presence of nasal counterparts for all its vowel sounds.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main vowel categories in Maithili phonology?: Maithili phonology includes close vowels (i, u), mid vowels (e, o), and open vowels (æ/ɛ, a, ɔ). It also features diphthongs and nasal counterparts for all vowels.
  • What are the main classes of consonants found in Maithili?: Maithili consonants include nasals, plosives/affricates (with voiceless/voiced and aspirated/unaspirated distinctions), fricatives, rhotics, laterals, and approximants.
  • How are the stop consonants in Maithili categorized?: Maithili has four series of stops: bilabials, coronals, retroflex, and velar, along with an affricate series. These exhibit a four-way contrast similar to many modern Indo-Aryan languages, including tenuis (unaspirated voiceless), voiced, aspirated, and murmured (aspirated voiced) forms.

Epenthesis in Maithili involves the addition of sounds at the beginning of words.

Answer: False

Epenthesis in Maithili pronunciation is characterized by the transposition of final vowel sounds, specifically /i/ and /u/, rather than the addition of sounds at the beginning of words.

Related Concepts:

  • What is epenthesis, and how does it manifest in Maithili pronunciation?: Epenthesis is a phonetic change involving the backward transposition of final /i/ and /u/ sounds in words. This phenomenon is currently observed in Maithili, leading to variations in pronunciation, such as 'achhi' becoming 'aitch' or 'ravi' becoming 'raib'.
  • What are the main vowel categories in Maithili phonology?: Maithili phonology includes close vowels (i, u), mid vowels (e, o), and open vowels (æ/ɛ, a, ɔ). It also features diphthongs and nasal counterparts for all vowels.
  • How are the stop consonants in Maithili categorized?: Maithili has four series of stops: bilabials, coronals, retroflex, and velar, along with an affricate series. These exhibit a four-way contrast similar to many modern Indo-Aryan languages, including tenuis (unaspirated voiceless), voiced, aspirated, and murmured (aspirated voiced) forms.

The retroflex nasal /ɳ/ typically occurs word-initially in Maithili.

Answer: False

The retroflex nasal /ɳ/ in Maithili typically occurs non-initially, often preceding a homorganic stop, and is primarily found in Sanskrit loanwords.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the status of the retroflex nasal /ɳ/ (written as ɳ) in Maithili?: The retroflex nasal /ɳ/ (represented by ɳ) typically occurs non-initially in Maithili, usually followed by a homorganic stop. It appears independently mainly in Sanskrit loanwords (tatsama words) and is often substituted with /n/.
  • What is the typical occurrence of nasal consonants like /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ in Maithili?: The velar nasal /ŋ/ (written as ŋ) and the palatal nasal /ɲ/ (written as ɲ) generally occur non-initially in Maithili, often followed by a homorganic stop. The palatal nasal /ɲ/ is unique in that it does not occur independently.
  • What are the main classes of consonants found in Maithili?: Maithili consonants include nasals, plosives/affricates (with voiceless/voiced and aspirated/unaspirated distinctions), fricatives, rhotics, laterals, and approximants.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Maithili phonology mentioned in the text?

Answer: All vowels have nasal counterparts.

A notable feature of Maithili phonology is the existence of nasal counterparts for all of its vowel sounds.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main vowel categories in Maithili phonology?: Maithili phonology includes close vowels (i, u), mid vowels (e, o), and open vowels (æ/ɛ, a, ɔ). It also features diphthongs and nasal counterparts for all vowels.
  • What are the main classes of consonants found in Maithili?: Maithili consonants include nasals, plosives/affricates (with voiceless/voiced and aspirated/unaspirated distinctions), fricatives, rhotics, laterals, and approximants.
  • How are the stop consonants in Maithili categorized?: Maithili has four series of stops: bilabials, coronals, retroflex, and velar, along with an affricate series. These exhibit a four-way contrast similar to many modern Indo-Aryan languages, including tenuis (unaspirated voiceless), voiced, aspirated, and murmured (aspirated voiced) forms.

The phenomenon of 'epenthesis' in Maithili pronunciation involves:

Answer: Transposing final /i/ and /u/ sounds.

In Maithili phonetics, epenthesis refers specifically to the backward transposition of final /i/ and /u/ sounds within words.

Related Concepts:

  • What is epenthesis, and how does it manifest in Maithili pronunciation?: Epenthesis is a phonetic change involving the backward transposition of final /i/ and /u/ sounds in words. This phenomenon is currently observed in Maithili, leading to variations in pronunciation, such as 'achhi' becoming 'aitch' or 'ravi' becoming 'raib'.
  • What are the main vowel categories in Maithili phonology?: Maithili phonology includes close vowels (i, u), mid vowels (e, o), and open vowels (æ/ɛ, a, ɔ). It also features diphthongs and nasal counterparts for all vowels.

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