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Total Categories: 6
The term 'Other Backward Class' (OBC) is used by the Indian government to denote communities identified as educationally or socially backward.
Answer: True
The Government of India utilizes the term 'Other Backward Class' (OBC) to designate communities recognized as being educationally or socially disadvantaged.
The Indian Constitution refers to OBCs as 'socially and educationally backward classes' (SEBC) and obligates the government to ensure their development.
Answer: True
The Indian Constitution designates OBCs as 'socially and educationally backward classes' (SEBC) and mandates the government to promote their social and educational advancement.
Article 340 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to establish a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.
Answer: True
Article 340 of the Indian Constitution grants the President the authority to appoint a commission tasked with examining the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.
The Kalelkar Commission, established in 1953, recommended reserving 70% of seats in technical institutions for backward classes.
Answer: True
The First Backward Classes Commission, known as the Kalelkar Commission, recommended reserving 70% of seats in technical institutions for backward classes, among other proposals.
The government fully accepted and implemented all recommendations of the Kalelkar Commission.
Answer: False
The government did not accept the Kalelkar Commission's report in its entirety, primarily due to concerns regarding the criteria used for identifying backwardness and the potential impact of its recommendations.
Which article of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes?
Answer: Article 340
Article 340 of the Indian Constitution provides the President with the authority to establish a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.
What was the primary role of the Kalelkar Commission?
Answer: To be the First Backward Classes Commission and make recommendations.
The Kalelkar Commission, established in 1953, served as the First Backward Classes Commission, tasked with making recommendations regarding the identification and upliftment of backward classes.
According to the Mandal Commission report, Other Backward Classes (OBCs) represented approximately 41% of India's population.
Answer: False
The Mandal Commission report estimated OBCs constituted 52% of India's population. A 2006 National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) report indicated OBCs comprised 41% of the population.
The Mandal Commission recommended a 27% reservation for OBCs in government jobs and educational institutions.
Answer: True
The Mandal Commission's primary recommendation was to implement a 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government employment and educational institutions.
The Mandal Commission used only economic criteria to identify Other Backward Classes.
Answer: False
The Mandal Commission utilized 11 indicators to identify OBCs, of which four were economic criteria, alongside social and educational factors.
The Mandal Commission suggested establishing residential schools and offering vocational training for OBC students.
Answer: True
The commission proposed measures such as adult education programs, residential schools, and vocational training to enhance educational opportunities for OBC students.
What percentage of India's population did the Mandal Commission report estimate comprised Other Backward Classes (OBCs)?
Answer: Approximately 52%
The Mandal Commission report estimated that Other Backward Classes (OBCs) constituted 52% of India's total population.
The Mandal Commission identified OBCs using a set of how many indicators?
Answer: Eleven
The Mandal Commission developed 11 indicators, including social, educational, and economic factors, to identify Other Backward Classes.
The Supreme Court's 1992 decision mandated a 27% reservation for OBCs in civil service positions.
Answer: True
The landmark Supreme Court decision in 1992 mandated the implementation of a 27% reservation for OBCs in civil service positions.
The 'creamy layer' concept excludes the most disadvantaged members within a backward class from reservation benefits.
Answer: False
The 'creamy layer' concept is designed to exclude the socially and economically advanced members of a backward class, ensuring benefits reach the truly disadvantaged.
The Indra Sawhney judgment upheld the 'creamy layer' principle for excluding affluent sections within OBCs.
Answer: True
The Indra Sawhney judgment (1992) affirmed the 'creamy layer' principle, stipulating that affluent sections within OBCs should be excluded from reservation benefits.
The income threshold for the 'creamy layer' has remained unchanged since its initial setting in 1993.
Answer: False
The income threshold for the 'creamy layer' has been revised multiple times since 1993, increasing progressively to reflect economic changes.
The Supreme Court suggested excluding children of professionals like doctors and engineers from reservation benefits.
Answer: True
The Court suggested criteria for 'creamy layer' exclusion, including children of professionals such as doctors and engineers, and those with high family incomes.
The Supreme Court affirmed that the 'creamy layer' principle applies equally to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) as it does to OBCs.
Answer: False
The Supreme Court concluded that the 'creamy layer' principle is applicable to OBCs but not to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), as they are considered distinct classes.
The Indra Sawhney judgment established that the 'creamy layer' principle is applicable to both OBCs and SCs/STs.
Answer: False
The Indra Sawhney judgment established that the 'creamy layer' principle applies to OBCs but not to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).
The 'creamy layer' income bar was set at ₹800,000 annually as of August 2017.
Answer: True
By August 2017, the income threshold for the 'creamy layer' exclusion was revised to ₹800,000 annually.
What was the key outcome of the Supreme Court's 1992 judgment regarding OBC reservations?
Answer: It mandated a 27% reservation for OBCs in civil service positions.
The Supreme Court's 1992 judgment mandated a 27% reservation for OBCs in civil service positions and upheld the 'creamy layer' principle.
What is the 'creamy layer' concept designed to do within the context of OBC reservations?
Answer: Exclude the socially and economically advanced members within OBCs.
The 'creamy layer' concept aims to exclude individuals from OBC communities who have attained a certain level of social and economic advancement, ensuring that reservation benefits are directed towards the truly disadvantaged.
Which landmark Supreme Court case upheld the 50% reservation ceiling and introduced the 'creamy layer' principle for OBCs?
Answer: Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India
The Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India case in 1992 was pivotal in upholding the 50% reservation ceiling and establishing the 'creamy layer' principle for OBCs.
How was the income threshold for the 'creamy layer' adjusted by August 2017?
Answer: Increased to ₹800,000 annually
By August 2017, the income threshold for the 'creamy layer' exclusion had been raised to ₹800,000 annually.
In the Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India case, what was the court's conclusion regarding the 'creamy layer' principle?
Answer: It was applicable to OBCs but not SCs/STs.
The court concluded that the 'creamy layer' principle was applicable to OBCs but not to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).
OBCs are entitled to a 20% reservation in public sector employment and higher education in India.
Answer: False
The mandated reservation percentage for OBCs in public sector employment and higher education is 27%, not 20%.
As of January 2016, OBCs held approximately 21.57% of positions in central government services.
Answer: True
Data from January 2016 indicates that OBCs occupied 21.57% of positions within central government services.
The Ministry of Home Affairs has always been responsible for matters concerning OBCs since India's independence.
Answer: False
Responsibility for OBC matters initially lay with the Ministry of Home Affairs but was later transferred to the Ministry of Welfare, subsequently renamed the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
In 2007, the Supreme Court stayed the 27% OBC reservation in IITs and IIMs, questioning the reliance on the 1931 census.
Answer: True
The Supreme Court issued an interim stay in 2007 on the 27% OBC reservation in institutions like IITs and IIMs, expressing concerns about the reliance on historical census data.
The Supreme Court ultimately rejected the government's initiative for 27% OBC quotas in government-funded institutions in 2008.
Answer: False
In 2008, the Supreme Court upheld the government's initiative for 27% OBC quotas in government-funded institutions, reiterating the necessity of excluding the 'creamy layer'.
In 2015, the Supreme Court upheld Jat reservations in the Central OBC list, citing their historical backwardness.
Answer: False
In March 2015, the Supreme Court scrapped Jat reservations in the Central OBC list, citing the National Commission for Backward Classes' opinion that Jats were not socially and economically backward.
Central and state lists of OBCs always align perfectly, with no discrepancies.
Answer: False
Central and state lists of OBCs often exhibit discrepancies, with communities recognized nationally not always being recognized in specific states or regions.
The Supreme Court suggested that reservation policies should be permanent and not subject to periodic review.
Answer: False
The Supreme Court suggested that reservation policies should not be permanent and should be subject to periodic review to avoid perpetuating backwardness.
The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) is responsible for maintaining the central list of OBCs.
Answer: True
The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) is tasked with maintaining the central list of OBCs and considering requests for additions or deletions.
What is the mandated reservation percentage for OBCs in public sector employment and higher education in India?
Answer: 27%
The government mandates a 27% reservation for OBCs in public sector employment and higher education.
Which ministry in the Indian government is currently responsible for matters relating to OBCs?
Answer: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is currently responsible for matters concerning OBCs.
What concern did the Supreme Court raise in its 2007 interim measure regarding OBC reservations in institutions like IITs and IIMs?
Answer: Reliance on the 1931 census data.
In its 2007 interim measure concerning OBC reservations in institutions like IITs and IIMs, the Supreme Court questioned the reliance on the 1931 census data.
Why did the Supreme Court scrap Jat reservations in the Central OBC list in March 2015?
Answer: The National Commission for Backward Classes opined that Jats were not socially and economically backward.
The Supreme Court scrapped Jat reservations in the Central OBC list in March 2015, citing the National Commission for Backward Classes' opinion that Jats did not meet the criteria for social and economic backwardness.
The Supreme Court suggested that reservation policies should not be used in a way that perpetuates what?
Answer: Backwardness
The Supreme Court suggested that reservation policies should not be utilized in a manner that perpetuates backwardness.
What is the function of the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)?
Answer: To maintain the central list of OBCs and consider inclusions/exclusions.
The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) is responsible for maintaining the central list of OBCs and processing requests for their inclusion or exclusion.
Maharashtra had the highest number of OBC castes listed in the Central OBC list as of 2023.
Answer: True
As of 2023, Maharashtra lists the highest number of OBC castes within the Central OBC list, followed by Odisha, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
The total number of castes included in the Central OBC list across India is less than 1,000.
Answer: False
The Central OBC list includes a total of 2,633 castes across India as of 2023.
The Karnataka State Government has granted OBC reservation benefits to certain Christian communities.
Answer: True
The Karnataka State Government has extended OBC reservation benefits to various Christian communities, including Kuruba Christian and Madiga Christian.
No Brahmin or priestly communities are listed under the OBC category in India.
Answer: False
Several Brahmin and priestly communities, such as Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins and Bhargava Dakaut Brahmins, are listed under the OBC category in various states.
Telangana's 2014 survey indicated that Backward Castes (BCs) constituted the largest demographic group in the state.
Answer: True
Telangana's 2014 Samagra Kutumba Survey found that Backward Castes (BCs) comprised 51% of the state's population, making them the largest demographic group.
The Karnataka Caste Census 2015 report has been publicly released and widely accepted without controversy.
Answer: False
The Karnataka Caste Census 2015 report remained unpublished for years due to controversy and allegations of political pressure, though the state government decided to accept it in June 2023.
The Uttarakhand OBC Survey has faced issues with accuracy and delays, leading to cancelled surveys in some districts.
Answer: True
The Uttarakhand OBC Survey has encountered problems with accuracy and significant delays, resulting in the cancellation of flawed surveys in certain districts and repeated deadline extensions.
Bihar's 2022 caste survey found that Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) and OBCs combined represent over 60% of the state's population.
Answer: True
Bihar's 2022 caste survey revealed that Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) together constitute 63% of the state's population.
The Odisha Backward Classes Survey 2023 aims to assess the social and educational conditions of state-notified Backward Classes (SEBCs).
Answer: True
The Odisha Backward Classes Survey 2023 is intended to evaluate the social and educational status of state-notified Backward Classes (SEBCs).
The Rohini Commission's report focused on the equitable distribution of reservation benefits among OBC castes.
Answer: True
The Rohini Commission's report, submitted in July 2023, examined the equitable distribution of reservation benefits among the various castes listed under the Central OBC list.
Which state had the highest number of OBC castes listed in the Central OBC list as of 2023?
Answer: Maharashtra
As of 2023, Maharashtra lists the highest number of OBC castes in the Central OBC list.
What is the total approximate number of castes included in the Central OBC list across India as of 2023?
Answer: Around 2,633
The Central OBC list comprises approximately 2,633 castes across India as of 2023.
Which state government has recently granted OBC reservation benefits to several Christian communities, and which ones?
Answer: Karnataka
The Karnataka State Government has granted OBC reservation benefits to various Christian communities, including Kuruba Christian and Madiga Christian.
Which of the following is an example of a Brahmin community listed as OBC in India?
Answer: Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins
Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins are among the Brahmin communities listed as OBC in India, particularly in states like Maharashtra, Kerala, and Karnataka.
Telangana's 2014 Samagra Kutumba Survey indicated that Backward Castes (BCs) constituted what percentage of the population?
Answer: 51%
Telangana's 2014 Samagra Kutumba Survey indicated that Backward Castes (BCs) constituted 51% of the state's population.
What issue has delayed the publication of the Karnataka Caste Census 2015 report?
Answer: Allegations of political pressure and potential impact on power dynamics.
The Karnataka Caste Census 2015 report faced delays due to controversy, including allegations of political pressure and concerns about its potential impact on power dynamics.
What was the key finding of Bihar's 2022 caste-based survey regarding the combined population of EBCs and OBCs?
Answer: They represented 63% of the population.
Bihar's 2022 caste survey found that Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) combined represent 63% of the state's population.
What is the stated aim of the Odisha Backward Classes Survey 2023?
Answer: To evaluate the social and educational conditions of state-notified Backward Classes (SEBCs).
The Odisha Backward Classes Survey 2023 aims to assess the social and educational conditions of state-notified Backward Classes (SEBCs).
What was the purpose of the Rohini Commission's report submitted in July 2023?
Answer: To examine the equitable distribution of reservation benefits among OBC castes.
The Rohini Commission's report aimed to examine the equitable distribution of reservation benefits among the various castes included in the Central OBC list.
Prior to reservation policies, all OBC communities experienced similar levels of socio-economic backwardness.
Answer: False
Significant socio-economic disparities existed among OBC communities prior to reservation policies; some were highly backward, while others owned substantial land and employed labor.
The abolition of the Zamindari system and the Green Revolution primarily benefited Scheduled Castes in North India.
Answer: False
These reforms primarily benefited dominant OBC communities such as Yadavs, Kurmis, and Koeris in North India, enhancing their landholdings and socio-economic status.
The 1968 Socio-Economic Survey of Kerala found that lower castes generally possessed more land than higher castes.
Answer: False
The 1968 Kerala survey indicated that higher castes generally possessed more land and had higher per capita incomes compared to lower castes.
The 'Namantar Andolan' was a movement focused on economic reforms for backward classes.
Answer: False
The 'Namantar Andolan' was primarily a movement focused on challenging caste discrimination and advocating for the renaming of institutions and places.
The Poona Pact, signed by B.R. Ambedkar and Gandhi, proposed separate electorates for depressed classes.
Answer: False
The Poona Pact, signed by B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi, retained a joint electorate while reserving seats for the depressed classes, in contrast to the Communal Award's proposal for separate electorates.
Sanskritisation refers to the process where lower-caste groups adopt the customs of higher castes to improve social status.
Answer: True
Sanskritisation describes the process by which lower-caste groups emulate the practices and rituals of higher castes to elevate their social standing within the caste hierarchy.
Which of the following OBC communities saw improved socio-economic status due to the abolition of the Zamindari system and the Green Revolution in North India?
Answer: Yadavs, Kurmis, and Koeris
The abolition of the Zamindari system and the Green Revolution significantly improved the socio-economic status of communities like Yadavs, Kurmis, and Koeris in North India.
The group 'Lodhi Rajputs' is classified as OBC in several northern states but is considered what elsewhere?
Answer: Forward Caste
While classified as OBC in several northern states, the Lodhi Rajputs are considered a Forward Caste in other regions.
What did the 1968 Socio-Economic Survey of Kerala reveal about land ownership concerning caste?
Answer: Higher castes generally possessed more land compared to the general population.
The 1968 Socio-Economic Survey of Kerala found that higher castes generally possessed more land and had higher per capita incomes than the general population.
The 'Namantar Andolan' is primarily associated with which type of social activism?
Answer: Challenging caste discrimination and renaming institutions
The 'Namantar Andolan' was a significant social movement focused on challenging caste discrimination and advocating for the renaming of institutions and places.
What critical agreement concerning the representation of depressed classes was signed by B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer: The Poona Pact
The Poona Pact, signed by B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi, addressed the representation of depressed classes by retaining a joint electorate with reserved seats.
The process where lower-caste groups adopt the customs of higher castes to improve their social standing is known as:
Answer: Sanskritisation
The process described is known as Sanskritisation, where lower castes emulate the practices of higher castes to enhance their social status.