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A 2018 Yale study estimated the undocumented population between 16 and 29 million, but its methodology was widely praised for its accuracy.
Answer: False
While a 2018 study from the Yale School of Management estimated the undocumented population between 16 and 29 million, its methodology faced criticism for potentially leading to overstated results, rather than being widely praised for accuracy.
The 'residual method' for estimating the undocumented population involves subtracting the number of documented immigrants from the total foreign-born population.
Answer: True
The 'residual method' is a technique used to estimate the undocumented population by subtracting the known number of legally documented immigrants from the total foreign-born population reported in census data.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is one of the agencies that utilizes the 'residual method'.
Answer: True
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is among the organizations, alongside the Pew Hispanic Center and the Center for Immigration Studies, that employ the 'residual method' for estimating the undocumented immigrant population.
A key assumption of the residual method is that undocumented immigrants are always accurately counted in the U.S. Census.
Answer: False
A significant issue with the residual method is the acknowledgment that undocumented immigrants may not be accurately counted in the U.S. Census. The method often incorporates an assumption about undercounting, rather than assuming perfect accuracy.
Critics argue the residual method's reliability is hampered by the lack of federal tracking for out-migration figures.
Answer: True
A primary criticism of the residual method is its reliance on precise out-migration data, which is not consistently tracked by federal agencies, thereby impacting the reliability of the estimates.
The primary method for estimating the undocumented population relies heavily on accurate, real-time data of individuals leaving the U.S.
Answer: False
The primary method, the 'residual method,' relies on subtracting documented immigrants from the total foreign-born population. A key limitation is the lack of precise, real-time data on out-migration, not that it relies heavily upon it as a primary input.
What criticism was raised against the 2018 Yale School of Management study estimating the undocumented population?
Answer: Its methodology was criticized for potentially overstating the numbers.
The methodology employed in the 2018 Yale study, which estimated the undocumented population between 16 and 29 million, faced criticism for potentially leading to inflated figures.
Which technique is commonly used to estimate the undocumented immigrant population by subtracting documented immigrants from the total foreign-born population?
Answer: The Residual Method
The 'residual method' is the technique used to estimate the undocumented immigrant population by calculating the difference between the total foreign-born population and the documented immigrant population.
Which of the following is NOT listed as an organization that employs the 'residual method' for population estimates?
Answer: The National Science Foundation (NSF)
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is not listed among the organizations, such as the Pew Hispanic Center, Center for Immigration Studies, and U.S. Census Bureau, that utilize the 'residual method'.
A significant criticism of the 'residual method' mentioned in the text is:
Answer: It relies on precise data for out-migration, which is lacking.
A major criticism of the residual method is its dependence on accurate out-migration data, which is often unavailable or imprecise, thereby affecting the reliability of the estimates.
The population of undocumented immigrants in the United States has demonstrated a consistent upward trend since 2007.
Answer: False
Contrary to this statement, data indicates that the undocumented immigrant population experienced a significant decline from its peak in 2007 until at least 2018. While border apprehensions have recently increased, the overall population trend since 2007 has not been one of consistent increase.
Border apprehensions reached a low point in 2017 but have subsequently increased significantly, surpassing 2007 levels by 2021.
Answer: True
The provided data confirms that border apprehensions experienced a substantial decline after the year 2000, reaching a low in 2017. However, this trend reversed, with apprehensions rebounding to exceed 2007 levels by 2021.
The estimated undocumented immigrant population in the United States was approximately 5 million in 1980.
Answer: False
The estimated undocumented immigrant population in the United States in 1980 was approximately 2.06 million, not 5 million.
According to the Pew Research Center, the undocumented immigrant population grew rapidly in the 1990s, reaching its peak in 2007.
Answer: True
The Pew Research Center reported that the undocumented immigrant population experienced rapid growth during the 1990s, culminating in a peak of approximately 12.2 million in 2007.
In 2014, the Pew Research Center estimated the undocumented immigrant population at 11.1 million, representing approximately 3% of the total U.S. population.
Answer: True
The Pew Research Center's 2014 estimate placed the undocumented immigrant population at 11.1 million, which constituted roughly 3% of the total U.S. population during that year.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's estimate for the undocumented population in 2012 was significantly lower than Pew's 2014 estimate.
Answer: False
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimated 11.4 million undocumented immigrants in January 2012, which is comparable to, and not significantly lower than, Pew's 2014 estimate of 11.1 million.
By January 2016, the Center for Migration Studies reported the U.S. undocumented population had fallen to its lowest number since 2003.
Answer: True
The Center for Migration Studies (CMS) reported that the U.S. undocumented immigrant population had decreased to 10.9 million by January 2016, marking the lowest figure recorded since 2003.
The Great Recession led to increased demand for undocumented workers in sectors like construction.
Answer: False
The Great Recession resulted in a surplus of American labor, which diminished employer incentives to hire undocumented workers, particularly in sectors like construction. Demand for undocumented labor generally decreased.
Following the Great Recession, more Mexican immigrants left the U.S. for Mexico than arrived from Mexico to the U.S. between 2009 and 2014.
Answer: True
Between 2009 and 2014, net migration trends indicated that more Mexican nationals and their families returned to Mexico from the U.S. than migrated from Mexico to the U.S.
As of 2014, the majority of undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S. had lived in the country for less than five years.
Answer: False
In 2014, the majority of undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S. were long-term residents, with approximately two-thirds having lived in the country for ten years or more. Only about 14% had been in the U.S. for less than five years.
The proportion of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. workforce has increased since 2007.
Answer: False
The proportion of undocumented immigrants within the U.S. workforce has actually declined since 2007. In 2012, they constituted 5.1% of the civilian labor force, a decrease from earlier periods.
Undocumented immigrant workers are significantly over-represented in farming, construction, and food preparation sectors.
Answer: True
Data indicates that undocumented immigrant workers are disproportionately represented in specific industries, notably farming, fisheries, and forestry (26%), cleaning, maintenance, and groundskeeping (17%), construction (14%), and food preparation (11%).
Between 1995 and 2005, there was a significant net gain of Mexican immigrants to the U.S., largely due to unauthorized immigration.
Answer: True
During the period from 1995 to 2005, the net number of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. increased substantially, with estimates suggesting that 80-85% of this growth was attributable to unauthorized immigration.
In 2014, approximately 8 million undocumented immigrants were part of the U.S. workforce.
Answer: True
In 2014, an estimated 8 million undocumented immigrants were employed within the United States workforce.
In 2014, a significant majority of undocumented immigrants were unemployed and seeking work.
Answer: False
In 2014, only 5% of undocumented immigrants were unemployed and actively seeking work, indicating that the vast majority were employed.
California and Texas alone accounted for over half of all undocumented immigrants in the U.S. in 2014.
Answer: False
While California and Texas are significant states for undocumented immigrant populations, they accounted for 59% of all undocumented immigrants in 2014 when combined with Florida, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois, not over half on their own.
The Great Recession decreased the incentive for employers to hire undocumented immigrants due to a surplus of available American labor.
Answer: True
The economic downturn caused by the Great Recession led to a greater availability of American workers, thereby reducing the incentive for employers to hire undocumented immigrants.
The image caption indicates that border apprehensions have consistently declined over the last decade prior to the caption's date.
Answer: False
The image caption states that while border apprehensions had declined significantly over the preceding decade, they had recently exceeded 2007 levels, indicating a rebound rather than a consistent decline.
What has been the primary trend for the undocumented immigrant population in the U.S. from 2007 until at least 2018?
Answer: A substantial decline.
Data indicates that the undocumented immigrant population in the U.S. experienced a substantial decline from its peak in 2007 until approximately 2018.
According to the provided text, what happened to border apprehensions after reaching a low in 2017?
Answer: They rebounded to reach new peak levels by 2021.
Following a low point in 2017, border apprehensions subsequently rebounded and reached new peak levels by 2021, exceeding 2007 levels.
What was the estimated size of the undocumented immigrant population in the U.S. in 1980?
Answer: 2.06 million
The estimated undocumented immigrant population in the United States in 1980 was approximately 2.06 million.
Which research center reported that the U.S. undocumented population rose rapidly during the 1990s and peaked in 2007?
Answer: Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center documented the rapid increase in the U.S. undocumented population during the 1990s, reaching its peak in 2007.
What estimate did the Pew Research Center provide for the total undocumented immigrant population in the U.S. in 2014?
Answer: 11.1 million
In 2014, the Pew Research Center estimated the total undocumented immigrant population in the U.S. to be 11.1 million.
How did the Center for Migration Studies estimate the U.S. undocumented population size by January 2016?
Answer: 10.9 million
By January 2016, the Center for Migration Studies estimated the U.S. undocumented population at 10.9 million.
How did the Great Recession primarily affect the employment landscape for undocumented immigrants?
Answer: It resulted in a surplus of American labor, reducing employer incentives to hire undocumented workers.
The Great Recession led to a surplus of domestic labor, which consequently reduced the incentive for employers to hire undocumented workers, negatively impacting their employment opportunities.
Based on data from around 2014, what was the residency status of the majority of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. regarding their duration of stay?
Answer: They were long-term residents, having lived in the U.S. for 10 years or more.
By 2014, the majority of undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S. were long-term residents, with approximately two-thirds having lived in the country for a decade or longer.
In which sector were undocumented immigrant workers most over-represented in 2012?
Answer: Farming, Fisheries, and Forestry (26%)
In 2012, undocumented immigrant workers were most significantly over-represented in the farming, fisheries, and forestry sector, where they constituted 26% of the workforce.
How many undocumented immigrants were estimated to be working in the U.S. workforce in 2014?
Answer: 8 million
An estimated 8 million undocumented immigrants were employed in the U.S. workforce in 2014.
Which six states collectively accounted for 59% of all undocumented immigrants in the U.S. in 2014?
Answer: California, Texas, Florida, New York, New Jersey, Illinois
In 2014, the states of California, Texas, Florida, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois collectively housed 59% of the nation's undocumented immigrant population.
As of 2017, Mexicans constituted the clear majority of undocumented immigrants living in the U.S.
Answer: False
By 2017, Mexicans no longer represented the majority of undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S. The proportion of undocumented immigrants who are Mexican had been steadily declining in the years preceding 2017.
The total number of Mexicans residing in the U.S. in 2014 was higher than the number recorded in 2007.
Answer: False
The total number of Mexicans residing in the U.S. in 2014 was 11.7 million, which was a decrease from the peak figure of 12.8 million recorded in 2007.
In 2014, the percentage of undocumented immigrants within the Mexican population living in the U.S. increased compared to 2007.
Answer: False
The percentage of undocumented immigrants within the Mexican population residing in the U.S. decreased from 54% in 2007 to 48% in 2014.
Asian Pacific Islanders Desi Americans/Asians (APIDA/A) constitute the largest racial/ethnic group among immigrants in the U.S.
Answer: True
The data indicates that Asian Pacific Islanders Desi Americans/Asians (APIDA/A) represent the largest racial/ethnic group among immigrants in the United States, comprising 40% of the total immigrant population.
According to the Center for Migration Studies, approximately 1.7 million undocumented APIDA/A immigrants reside in the United States.
Answer: True
The Center for Migration Studies (CMS) estimates that there are approximately 1.7 million undocumented Asian Pacific Islander Desi American/Asian (APIDA/A) immigrants residing within the United States.
Between 2000 and 2015, the population of undocumented immigrants from Asia decreased significantly.
Answer: False
Contrary to a decrease, the population of undocumented immigrants from Asia experienced significant growth between 2000 and 2015, increasing by 3.5 times, which surpassed the growth rates from most other regions.
In 2015, China had the largest population of undocumented immigrants in the U.S., followed by India.
Answer: False
In 2015, India had the largest population of undocumented immigrants among Asian countries in the U.S. (458,663), followed by China (387,369).
One out of every seven APIDA/A immigrants residing in the U.S. is undocumented.
Answer: True
According to data, approximately one in seven APIDA/A immigrants currently residing in the United States is undocumented.
California and New York are the top two states with the largest populations of undocumented APIDA/A immigrants.
Answer: True
California and New York are identified as the states with the largest populations of undocumented APIDA/A immigrants, with California hosting the highest number followed by New York.
Family reunification was cited as the most common reason for immigration by APIDA/A individuals in a 2022-2023 Pew survey.
Answer: True
A Pew Research Center survey conducted between 2022 and 2023 indicated that family reunification was the most frequently cited reason for immigration among APIDA/A individuals, with 28% reporting it as their primary motivation.
What demographic shift concerning Mexican immigrants occurred in the U.S. between 2009 and 2014?
Answer: The number of Mexican immigrants returning to Mexico exceeded those arriving from Mexico.
Between 2009 and 2014, the net flow of Mexican immigrants reversed, with more individuals and families returning to Mexico from the U.S. than migrating from Mexico to the U.S.
What change regarding the nationality of the majority of undocumented immigrants was noted as of 2017?
Answer: Mexicans no longer constituted the majority.
As of 2017, the proportion of undocumented immigrants who were Mexican had declined to the point where they no longer represented the majority group.
What was the net change in the Mexican immigrant population in the U.S. between 2009 and 2014?
Answer: A net loss of approximately 140,000 immigrants.
Between 2009 and 2014, there was a net loss of approximately 140,000 Mexican immigrants in the U.S., reflecting a reversal of earlier net gain trends.
In 2014, what proportion of the Mexican population residing in the U.S. was undocumented?
Answer: 48%
In 2014, 48% of the Mexican population residing in the U.S. was undocumented, a decrease from 54% in 2007.
How does the source describe Asian Pacific Islanders Desi Americans/Asians (APIDA/A) in relation to the total immigrant population in the U.S.?
Answer: They constitute the largest racial/ethnic group among immigrants.
APIDA/A individuals are identified as the largest racial/ethnic group among immigrants in the U.S., making up 40% of the total immigrant population.
According to the Center for Migration Studies, what is the estimated number of undocumented APIDA/A immigrants in the U.S.?
Answer: 1.7 million
The Center for Migration Studies (CMS) estimates that approximately 1.7 million undocumented APIDA/A immigrants reside in the United States.
How did the population of undocumented immigrants from Asia change between 2000 and 2015 compared to other regions?
Answer: It increased significantly, growing 3.5 times, surpassing growth from most other regions.
Between 2000 and 2015, the undocumented immigrant population from Asia grew substantially by 3.5 times, outpacing the growth rates observed in most other global regions.
Which two countries were identified by CMS as having the largest populations of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. in 2015?
Answer: India and China
In 2015, India and China were identified by CMS as the countries with the largest undocumented immigrant populations residing in the United States.
What proportion of APIDA/A immigrants in the U.S. are estimated to be undocumented?
Answer: 1 in 7
It is estimated that one out of every seven APIDA/A immigrants residing in the U.S. is undocumented.
Which states are listed as having the largest populations of undocumented APIDA/A immigrants?
Answer: California, New York, Texas
California and New York are identified as the states with the highest populations of undocumented APIDA/A immigrants, followed by Texas.
According to a 2022-2023 Pew survey, what was the second most cited reason for APIDA/A individuals immigrating to the U.S.?
Answer: Economic opportunities
In a 2022-2023 Pew survey, economic opportunities were cited as the second most common reason for APIDA/A immigration, with 27% of respondents indicating this motivation, following family reunification (28%).
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 banned Chinese laborers for ten years and was later extended by the Geary Act.
Answer: True
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 initially prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating for a decade. The subsequent Geary Act of 1892 extended these restrictions and imposed additional requirements on Chinese residents.
Chinese laborers were recruited in the 1860s primarily to work on the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.
Answer: True
The recruitment of Chinese laborers in the 1860s was largely driven by the need for affordable labor to construct the Transcontinental Railroad, particularly the Central Pacific Railroad.
The 'See also' section of the article provides links to topics like 'Illegal immigration' and 'Undocumented youth'.
Answer: True
The 'See also' section of the source material lists related topics, including 'Illegal immigration' and 'Undocumented youth,' suggesting further avenues for study on related subjects.
The Page Act of 1875 was designed to restrict immigration, particularly targeting Chinese women.
Answer: True
The Page Act of 1875 represented an early federal effort to restrict immigration, specifically by targeting Asian women and prohibiting their entry, often under the pretext of preventing prostitution, which effectively limited family-based migration.
The Immigration Act of 1965 abolished the national origins quota system, leading to increased immigration from Asia and Latin America.
Answer: True
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 fundamentally altered U.S. immigration policy by eliminating the national origins quota system, which subsequently led to a significant increase in immigration from Asian and Latin American countries.
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) focused solely on increasing border security to deter future unauthorized immigration.
Answer: False
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) employed a dual strategy: it provided amnesty to millions of undocumented immigrants already in the U.S. while also enhancing border security and implementing employer sanctions.
The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 was an informal U.S.-Japan accord where Japan agreed to restrict emigration of its citizens to the U.S.
Answer: True
The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 was an informal understanding between the United States and Japan, wherein Japan consented to limit the emigration of its citizens, particularly laborers, to the U.S.
The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited eligibility for U.S. citizenship to 'free white persons'.
Answer: True
The Naturalization Act of 1790 established the initial framework for U.S. citizenship, stipulating that only 'free white persons' who met residency and good character requirements were eligible for naturalization.
Why were Chinese laborers recruited in the U.S. during the 1860s?
Answer: To construct the Transcontinental Railroad.
Chinese laborers were primarily recruited in the 1860s to address labor needs for the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.
What was the Bracero Program, which operated from 1942 to 1964?
Answer: An agreement allowing Mexican men to work legally in the U.S. on short-term agricultural contracts.
The Bracero Program (1942-1964) was a bilateral agreement between the U.S. and Mexico that permitted millions of Mexican men to work legally in the U.S. on temporary agricultural contracts.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 is significant because it:
Answer: Abolished the national origins quota system.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 is historically significant for abolishing the national origins quota system, thereby fundamentally changing the basis for U.S. immigration policy.
What was a key component of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)?
Answer: It granted amnesty to millions of undocumented immigrants already in the U.S.
A significant component of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) was the provision of amnesty and legal status to millions of undocumented immigrants who were already residing in the United States.
The Page Act of 1875 primarily aimed to restrict immigration from which continent, and how?
Answer: Asia, by targeting specific groups like Chinese women.
The Page Act of 1875 primarily targeted immigration from Asia, specifically restricting the entry of Chinese women by prohibiting immigration for purposes of prostitution, which effectively limited family formation.
What was the main effect of the Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed Act)?
Answer: It established a national origins quota system favoring Northern/Western Europe and banning most Asian immigration.
The Immigration Act of 1924 established a national origins quota system designed to favor immigrants from Northern and Western Europe and effectively banned immigration from most of Asia, significantly altering immigration patterns.
The 'model minority' stereotype accurately reflects the diverse socioeconomic realities and challenges faced by all APIDA/A individuals.
Answer: False
The 'model minority' stereotype is considered inaccurate as it fails to capture the wide range of socioeconomic conditions and challenges experienced by individuals within APIDA/A communities, potentially masking poverty and individual struggles.
The 'Yellow Peril' concept was a term used to describe the economic benefits brought by Chinese laborers in the 1860s.
Answer: False
The 'Yellow Peril' concept was not related to economic benefits but rather represented a racist depiction of Chinese laborers as a threat or danger to Western society, emerging from labor competition during the 1860s.
The 'perpetual foreigner' concept implies that APIDA/A individuals are always seen as outsiders, regardless of their birthplace or residency duration.
Answer: True
The concept of the 'perpetual foreigner' suggests that individuals of APIDA/A descent are often perceived as outsiders in the U.S., irrespective of their citizenship status, place of birth, or length of residence.
What is a consequence of the 'model minority' stereotype applied to APIDA/A immigrants?
Answer: It can mask poverty and struggles within APIDA/A communities.
The 'model minority' stereotype, while seemingly positive, can obscure the diverse socioeconomic realities within APIDA/A communities, potentially masking poverty and individual challenges.
What does the 'Yellow Peril' concept, related to Chinese labor in the 1860s, represent?
Answer: A racist depiction of Chinese laborers as a threat.
The 'Yellow Peril' concept represented a racist ideology that portrayed Chinese laborers as a threat or danger, particularly during periods of labor competition in the 1860s.