Which country served as the host for the 21st Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2009?

Trinidad and Tobago served as the host country for the 21st Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2009.

What were the specific dates during which the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting took place?

The 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting took place between November 27 and November 29, 2009.

What was the main venue for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

The main venue for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was the Hyatt Regency and Conference Centre, located in Port of Spain.

How many member countries participated in the 2009 CHOGM, and what was the total number of Commonwealth members at that time?

Out of 52 total members, 49 member countries participated in the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

How many Heads of State or Government were in attendance at the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

A total of 34 Heads of State or Government attended the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

Who held the position of Chair for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

Patrick Manning, who was the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, held the position of Chair for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

Which Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting immediately preceded the 2009 event?

The 2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting immediately preceded the 2009 event.

Which Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was scheduled to follow the 2009 event?

The 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was scheduled to follow the 2009 event.

What were the key discussion points highlighted for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

The key discussion points highlighted for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting included global warming, membership criteria for the Commonwealth of Nations, gay rights, and issues related to Sri Lanka.

What was the initial plan for the host country of the 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, and what led to its change?

The 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was initially slated to be hosted in Colombo, Sri Lanka. However, this plan was changed due to the renewal of the Sri Lankan civil war and associated allegations of human rights abuses.

Which specific Commonwealth member governments called for a reassessment of Sri Lanka's bid to host the 2011 CHOGM?

The governments of the United Kingdom and Canada specifically called for a reassessment of Sri Lanka's bid to host the 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

Where was the 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting ultimately held instead of Sri Lanka?

The 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was ultimately held in Perth, Australia, instead of Sri Lanka.

When was Sri Lanka eventually reassigned to host a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

Sri Lanka was eventually reassigned to host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting for CHOGM 2013.

Which country was provisionally selected to host the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

Mauritius was provisionally selected, or 'pencilled in,' as the host of the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

What significant changes were made to the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) during the 2009 CHOGM?

During the 2009 CHOGM, the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) was reconstituted and strengthened. This involved expanding the range of offenses it could investigate.

How did the expansion of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group's mandate broaden its scope of investigation?

The expansion of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group's mandate broadened its scope of investigation to include all breaches of the Harare Declaration, rather than being limited solely to the overthrow of democratic governments. The Harare Declaration outlines the Commonwealth's core principles and values, such as democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.

What was the predominant issue that dominated the discussions at the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

The issue of global warming predominantly dominated the discussions at the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

What was the temporal relationship between the 2009 CHOGM and the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen?

The 2009 CHOGM was held just before the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, indicating a strategic timing to influence global climate discussions.

What financial commitment was agreed upon by the participating countries at the 2009 CHOGM regarding climate change?

The participating countries at the 2009 CHOGM agreed to establish a £6 billion-a-year climate change fund.

What was the intended purpose of the climate change fund established at the 2009 CHOGM?

The climate change fund established at the 2009 CHOGM was intended to promote low-carbon emission development and adaptation strategies in developing countries.

Which nations were designated to fund the climate change initiative agreed upon at the 2009 CHOGM?

The climate change initiative agreed upon at the 2009 CHOGM was to be funded by developed Commonwealth members and France.

Which non-Commonwealth head of state attended the 2009 CHOGM, and what was his objective?

The President of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, a non-Commonwealth head of state, attended the 2009 CHOGM with the objective of rallying support in the lead-up to the Copenhagen climate summit.

What broader diplomatic significance was attributed to the attendance of the French President at the 2009 CHOGM?

The attendance of the French President at the 2009 CHOGM was seen as an indication of reconciliation between France and the Commonwealth, particularly concerning the prospective membership of Rwanda in the Commonwealth.

Beyond the French President, which other prominent international figures attended the 2009 CHOGM?

Beyond the French President, other prominent international figures who attended the 2009 CHOGM included UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen.

What made the 2009 CHOGM a significant event for potential new Commonwealth members?

The 2009 CHOGM was significant for potential new Commonwealth members because it was the first opportunity for countries to accede to the Commonwealth after the 2007 CHOGM had accepted a report establishing new membership criteria.

What was the process for evaluating Rwanda's eligibility for Commonwealth membership prior to the 2009 meeting?

Prior to the 2009 meeting, after the 2007 CHOGM, the Commonwealth sent a team to Rwanda to examine its eligibility for membership, and this team recommended that Rwanda's application be discussed at the 2009 meeting.

What specific concerns did the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) raise about admitting Rwanda to the Commonwealth?

The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) expressed concern that admitting Rwanda, a state that did not meet Commonwealth standards, would 'tarnish the reputation of the Commonwealth' and suggest that its leaders did not genuinely care for democracy and human rights, rendering their declarations as 'merely hot air'.

Despite the concerns raised, what was the ultimate decision of the Heads of Government regarding Rwanda's membership?

Despite the concerns raised by the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, the Heads of Government at the 2009 CHOGM agreed to accept Rwanda as a member of the Commonwealth.

What was Rwanda's numerical position among Commonwealth members after its admission in 2009?

After its admission in 2009, Rwanda became the 54th member of the Commonwealth.

What unique characteristic did Rwanda possess as a new Commonwealth member?

Rwanda possessed the unique characteristic of being the second member of the Commonwealth without a direct constitutional tie to an existing member, meaning it was not a former British colony or protectorate.

Which other countries were anticipated to apply for Commonwealth membership but were not considered at the 2009 CHOGM?

Algeria, Madagascar, Sudan, and Yemen were among the other countries expected to submit official applications to join the Commonwealth, but their applications were not considered at the 2009 CHOGM.

What has been the observed trend regarding human rights and democracy in Rwanda since its admission to the Commonwealth, according to various organizations?

Since Rwanda joined the Commonwealth, the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI), Human Rights Watch, and Freedom House have all observed and reported a decline in the protection of democracy and human rights within the country.

What additional resources are mentioned in the source material related to the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?

The source material mentions that Wikimedia Commons has media related to CHOGM 2009, and it also provides a link to the archived official website for CHOGM 2009.

2009 Commonwealth Heads Of Government Meeting Wiki: Commonwealth Crossroads: The 2009 Port of Spain Summit

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The 2009 Summit Overview

Host and Venue

The 21st Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) was convened in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, from November 27 to 29, 2009. The summit was chaired by the host nation's Prime Minister, Patrick Manning, at the Hyatt Regency and Conference Centre.^[1]

Participants and Attendance

The meeting gathered leaders from across the Commonwealth of Nations. Of the 52 member states at the time, 49 were in attendance, with 34 nations represented by their respective Heads of State or Government. This high level of participation underscored the significance of the agenda items being discussed.

Core Agenda Items

The summit's agenda was dominated by several critical global and institutional issues. Key points of deliberation included:

Global Warming: A central theme, addressed with urgency ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.
Membership Criteria: The controversial application of Rwanda to join the Commonwealth was a major topic.
Institutional Governance: Discussions on future CHOGM locations and the strengthening of the Commonwealth's internal oversight mechanisms.

Climate Change at the Forefront

Pre-Copenhagen Urgency

The 2009 CHOGM was strategically positioned just weeks before the highly anticipated United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. This timing elevated global warming to the summit's most dominant issue, as Commonwealth nations sought to formulate a cohesive position and build momentum for a global climate accord.^[5]

A New Climate Change Fund

A significant outcome of the climate discussions was the agreement to establish a £6 billion-per-year climate change fund. This initiative, financed by developed Commonwealth members and France, was designed to support developing countries in promoting low-carbon emission development and adapting to the impacts of climate change.

High-Profile International Guests

Underscoring the meeting's global importance, several non-Commonwealth leaders attended. The presence of French President Nicolas Sarkozy, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen highlighted the international effort to rally support for a successful outcome at the Copenhagen summit and signaled a broader diplomatic engagement with the Commonwealth.

Membership and Controversy: The Case of Rwanda

Rwanda's Admission

The 2009 CHOGM was the first to consider a new member under the criteria established in 2007. After a formal assessment, the Heads of Government agreed to admit Rwanda into the Commonwealth. This decision made Rwanda the 54th member and only the second (after Mozambique) to join without a direct constitutional or historical link to an existing member state.

Human Rights Concerns

Rwanda's admission was highly controversial. The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) had previously issued a report concluding that "the state of governance and human rights in Rwanda does not satisfy Commonwealth standards."^[6] The CHRI warned that admitting a non-compliant state would tarnish the Commonwealth's reputation and undermine its stated commitment to democracy and human rights.^[6]

Post-Accession Assessments

Following Rwanda's accession, prominent international organizations continued to voice concerns. Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, and the CHRI itself later reported that the protection of democracy and human rights in Rwanda had declined since the country joined the Commonwealth, raising further questions about the diligence and impact of the admission process.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Institutional Agenda and Future Direction

Debates on Future Summits

The selection of future CHOGM hosts became a point of contention. Sri Lanka was initially slated to host the 2011 meeting, but renewed civil conflict and allegations of human rights abuses led nations like the UK and Canada to call for a reassessment.^[2]^[3] Consequently, the 2011 CHOGM was awarded to Perth, Australia. Sri Lanka was rescheduled to host in 2013, with Mauritius penciled in for 2015.^[4]

Strengthening Governance Mechanisms

A key institutional development was the decision to reconstitute and strengthen the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG). The Heads of Government agreed to expand CMAG's mandate, empowering it to investigate not just the overthrow of democratic governments, but all breaches of the Harare Declaration. This represented a significant step towards reinforcing the Commonwealth's core political values.

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References

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Commonwealth Crossroads

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

The 2009 Summit Overview 🏛️

📍 Host and Venue

👥 Participants and Attendance

📜 Core Agenda Items

Climate Change at the Forefront 🌍

⏳ Pre-Copenhagen Urgency

💰 A New Climate Change Fund

🤝 High-Profile International Guests

Membership and Controversy: The Case of Rwanda 🇷🇼

➕ Rwanda's Admission

⚠️ Human Rights Concerns

📉 Post-Accession Assessments

Institutional Agenda and Future Direction 📅

➡️ Debates on Future Summits

⚖️ Strengthening Governance Mechanisms

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The 2009 Summit Overview

Host and Venue

Participants and Attendance

Core Agenda Items

Climate Change at the Forefront

Pre-Copenhagen Urgency

A New Climate Change Fund

High-Profile International Guests

Membership and Controversy: The Case of Rwanda

Rwanda's Admission

Human Rights Concerns

Post-Accession Assessments

Institutional Agenda and Future Direction

Debates on Future Summits

Strengthening Governance Mechanisms

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice