What is the current status of Montenegro's accession process to the European Union?

Montenegro is currently a candidate country undergoing accession negotiations, with the screening process having been completed. This means that Montenegro has officially applied and is in the process of aligning its laws and institutions with those of the European Union.

When did Montenegro officially achieve candidate status for EU membership?

Montenegro was officially granted candidate status for European Union membership on December 17, 2010.

When did the membership negotiations between Montenegro and the European Union commence?

The membership negotiations between Montenegro and the European Union officially began on June 29, 2012.

What is Montenegro's target year for achieving membership in the European Union?

Montenegro's current goal is to become a member of the European Union by the year 2028.

What did the European Commission recommend regarding Montenegro's application for EU membership?

The European Commission recommended Montenegro as a candidate country on November 9, 2010, indicating that Montenegro had met certain initial criteria.

What was the significance of the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003 for Montenegro's EU aspirations?

At the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003, the European Union recognized Montenegro's European Perspective, offering unequivocal support for future integration and full membership for the country, which was still part of a union with Serbia at that time.

What is a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA), and when did it come into force for Montenegro?

A Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) is a type of agreement the EU concludes with countries wishing to join, offering benefits like tariff-free market access in exchange for commitments to reforms. For Montenegro, the SAA officially came into force on May 1, 2010.

How did Montenegro's path to the SAA differ from Serbia's after the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro?

Following Montenegro's vote for independence in May 2006, Serbia continued with the existing SAA negotiations, while separate negotiations were initiated specifically with Montenegro in September 2006.

What is the current status of Montenegro's negotiations in terms of chapters?

As of June 2025, Montenegro has opened 26 out of the 33 negotiation chapters required for EU accession, with 7 chapters provisionally closed and 2 chapters having no requirements for adoption.

What percentage of the accession negotiation chapters is considered complete for Montenegro?

Based on the number of chapters opened versus the total, Montenegro's accession negotiations are approximately 21.2% complete.

Which specific negotiation chapters does Montenegro aim to close by December 2025?

The Government of Montenegro expects to close Chapters 3 (Right of Establishment & Freedom to Provide Services), 4 (Free Movement of Capital), 6 (Company Law), 11 (Agriculture & Rural Development), and 13 (Fisheries) by December 2025.

What were the key areas of concern identified in the 2015 European Commission Progress Report for Montenegro?

The 2015 report noted that while Montenegro had made good progress, it needed to address institutional frameworks, particularly in areas like competition policy, the fight against corruption and organized crime, and advancements in environmental and climate change policies.

How did Montenegro's business environment readiness compare to other candidate nations in a 2015 study?

A 2015 study indicated that Montenegro performed well in basic infrastructure, goods delivery, and secure legal environments, but lagged behind four other candidate nations in areas such as resources, technology support, and regulatory efficiency.

What was the European Parliament's assessment of Montenegro's preparation for EU membership in 2016?

In its 2016 assessment, the European Parliament identified Montenegro as having the highest level of preparation for EU membership among the candidate nations that were actively negotiating accession.

How much developmental aid did Montenegro receive from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) between 2014 and 2020?

Montenegro received approximately €279.1 million in developmental aid from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) during the period of 2014 to 2020.

What are the priority areas for IPA funding in Montenegro?

Priority areas for IPA funds in Montenegro include democracy and governance, rule of law and fundamental rights, environment and climate action, transport, competitiveness and innovation, education, employment and social policies, agriculture and rural development, and regional and territorial cooperation.

What is the public opinion regarding EU membership in Montenegro?

Public support for EU membership in Montenegro is very high. In October 2009, 76.2% were in favor, and by May 2023, this support reached a record high of 79.3%, with a significant majority also believing membership is achievable.

What is Montenegro's currency situation in relation to the Euro?

Montenegro does not have its own currency and unilaterally adopted the Euro in 2002, initially following the Deutsche Mark. While the European Central Bank and Commission have expressed concerns about this unilateral adoption, it is expected to be resolved through the accession negotiations.

When did Montenegro's citizens gain visa-free access to the Schengen Area?

Montenegro's citizens gained visa-free access to the Schengen Area and Cyprus on December 19, 2009, provided they were traveling with biometric passports.

What is the purpose of the visa facilitation and readmission agreements between Montenegro and the EU?

The visa facilitation and readmission agreements, which entered into force on January 1, 2008, aim to simplify the process for Montenegrin citizens to travel to the EU and to manage the return of individuals who do not have the right to stay in either territory.

What is the significance of the Thessaloniki Declaration of 2003 for the Western Balkans?

The Thessaloniki Declaration represented the European Union's clear commitment to the future integration and full membership of the Western Balkan countries, including Montenegro, into the EU.

Which negotiation chapters are specifically mentioned as being targeted for closure by December 2025, in addition to Chapters 3, 4, 6, 11, and 13?

The source text mentions that Chapters 3, 4, 6, 11, and 13 are targeted for closure by December 2025. It also notes that Chapters 25 (Science and Research) and 26 (Education and Culture) were provisionally closed earlier, and Chapters 5 (Public Procurement), 7 (Intellectual Property Law), 10 (Information Society and Media), 20 (Enterprise and Industrial Policy), 25 (Science and Research), 26 (Education and Culture), 30 (External Relations) are listed as closed in various tables.

What is the role of the Office for Assistance to the Chief Negotiator in Montenegro's EU accession process?

The Office for Assistance to the Chief Negotiator, part of Montenegro's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, supports the Chief Negotiator (Zorka Kordić) in the country's EU accession efforts.

When did Montenegro join the Energy Community?

Montenegro joined the Energy Community on December 15, 2006.

What is the status of Montenegro's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

Montenegro has been a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since April 29, 2012.

When did Montenegro become a member of the Council of Europe?

Montenegro became a member of the Council of Europe on May 11, 2007.

When did Montenegro join the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

Montenegro became a member of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on June 3, 2006.

What is the significance of the non-discrimination law passed in Montenegro in July 2010 regarding EU membership?

The non-discrimination law passed in July 2010, which included sexual orientation and gender identity as prohibited grounds for discrimination, was one of the requirements Montenegro needed to meet for its EU membership bid.

What does the European Commission's October 2024 report indicate about Montenegro's preparation levels across negotiation chapters?

The October 2024 report categorizes chapters based on preparation levels: 5 chapters show some level of preparation, 15 have moderate preparation, 12 have a good level of preparation, 1 chapter has an advanced level, and 2 chapters have nothing to adopt.

What is the stated goal of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)?

The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) is a funding mechanism designed to support EU candidate countries in their accession process, covering areas such as democracy, rule of law, environment, transport, and economic development.

What is the EU's stance on Montenegro's unilateral use of the Euro?

The European Commission and the European Central Bank have expressed discontent over Montenegro's unilateral use of the Euro, stating it is not compatible with the EU Treaty. They insist on strict adherence to convergence criteria, including participation in the ERMII system, before official Euro adoption.

What are the potential future travel requirements for Montenegrin citizens entering the Schengen Area?

Starting from October 2026, citizens of Montenegro will be required to register through the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) before entering the Schengen Area.

What does the term 'screening' refer to in the context of EU accession negotiations?

Screening is the process where the European Commission assesses a candidate country's alignment with EU legislation across various chapters. It involves detailed reviews of the country's legal framework and institutional capacity to meet EU standards.

What is the overall progress of Montenegro's accession negotiations as indicated by the number of chapters opened and closed?

Montenegro has opened 26 out of 33 negotiation chapters, with 7 chapters provisionally closed. This indicates significant progress, although substantial work remains on the remaining chapters.

Which specific chapters were provisionally closed by Montenegro as of the information provided?

The source indicates that Chapters 5 (Public Procurement), 7 (Intellectual Property Law), 10 (Information Society and Media), 20 (Enterprise and Industrial Policy), 25 (Science and Research), 26 (Education and Culture), and 30 (External Relations) have been provisionally closed.

What is the EU's general approach to providing assistance to countries seeking membership?

The EU provides financial and technical assistance to candidate countries, often through mechanisms like the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA), to help them implement necessary reforms and align their legal and institutional frameworks with EU standards.

What does the 'European perspective' granted in 2003 signify for Montenegro?

The 'European perspective' signifies the EU's commitment to supporting Montenegro's future integration and eventual membership, acknowledging its potential to become a member state.

How many EU candidate countries are there currently, and where does Montenegro rank among those with open negotiations?

There are currently nine EU candidate countries. Among the six candidates with open negotiations, Montenegro is noted as having reached the most advanced stage, having met interim benchmarks that allow the closing process of negotiation chapters to begin.

What is the purpose of the Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP)?

The Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) is the framework through which the EU engages with potential candidate countries in the Western Balkans, aiming to prepare them for future membership by fostering political, economic, and institutional reforms.

What specific challenges were reported in Montenegro that could potentially hinder its EU accession bid?

Reports indicated that Montenegro faced challenges related to ecological issues, judicial reforms, and combating crime, which could potentially impede its accession process.

When did Montenegro become a member of the European Union?

Montenegro is not yet a member of the European Union; it is currently undergoing the accession process.

What is the role of the European External Action Service (EEAS) in relation to Montenegro's accession?

The European External Action Service (EEAS) is the EU's diplomatic service and plays a role in managing the EU's foreign relations, including those with candidate countries like Montenegro, supporting the accession process through diplomatic engagement and policy coordination.

What does the term 'acquis communautaire' refer to in the context of EU accession?

The 'acquis communautaire' refers to the body of common rights and obligations that bind all EU member states. Candidate countries must adopt and implement the entire acquis into their national legislation to achieve membership.

How has Montenegro's progress in EU negotiations been assessed over the years, according to the report history?

The report history shows a progression in Montenegro's preparation levels for various chapters, moving from 'early stage' or 'further efforts needed' in earlier reports to 'moderately prepared' and 'good level of preparation' in more recent assessments, indicating steady advancement.

What is the significance of the 'screening' process for EU candidate countries?

The screening process is the initial phase of accession negotiations where the European Commission and the candidate country review the alignment of the country's legislation with the EU's acquis communautaire, chapter by chapter.

What is the EU's stance on Montenegro's goal of joining by 2028?

The EU has acknowledged Montenegro's goal of joining by 2028. European Commissioner Marta Kos suggested that the negotiation process could be completed by the end of 2026 or 2027, indicating a potential alignment with Montenegro's ambitions.

What does the '21.2% complete' status for Montenegro's negotiations signify?

The '21.2% complete' status likely refers to the progress made in the accession negotiations, possibly based on the number of chapters closed or the completion of specific benchmarks within the chapters.

What is the purpose of the EU's visa liberalisation policy for countries like Montenegro?

Visa liberalisation allows citizens of certain countries, like Montenegro, to travel to the Schengen Area for short stays without needing a visa, fostering people-to-people contacts and closer ties between the EU and the partner country.

What is the role of the European Commission in the accession process?

The European Commission plays a central role, evaluating membership applications, conducting screening processes, providing opinions and recommendations, monitoring progress, and managing negotiations on behalf of the EU.

What does the term 'interim benchmarks' mean in the context of EU accession negotiations?

Interim benchmarks are specific conditions or milestones that candidate countries must meet within certain negotiation chapters (like 23 and 24) before those chapters can be provisionally closed, signifying substantial progress in reforms.

Accession Of Montenegro To The European Union Wiki: Montenegro's European Horizon: A Pathway to Integration

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The Path to Membership

The Journey Begins

Following its declaration of independence from Serbia and Montenegro in 2006, Montenegro initiated its formal process toward European Union membership. This journey commenced with the agreement and eventual implementation of a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the EU, which officially came into force on May 1, 2010. This foundational agreement established a framework for closer economic and political ties, paving the way for future integration efforts.

Candidate Status Granted

Montenegro officially submitted its application to join the European Union on December 15, 2008. The European Commission subsequently issued a favorable opinion on November 9, 2010, recommending Montenegro as a candidate country. This pivotal step was formally recognized on December 17, 2010, marking Montenegro's official designation as an EU candidate state.

Current Standing

As of the latest assessments, Montenegro is one of nine current EU candidate countries. The accession process involves extensive negotiations across various policy areas, categorized into chapters. Montenegro has made significant progress, opening all 33 negotiating chapters and provisionally closing seven. This advanced stage indicates substantial alignment with EU standards and legislation, positioning it as one of the more advanced candidates in the Western Balkans region.

Key Milestones

Early Engagement

Montenegro's European aspirations were recognized early on. It was granted potential candidate status in December 2002, even before its full independence. The EU formally acknowledged Montenegro's "European Perspective" at the Thessaloniki Summit in June 2003, signaling unequivocal support for future integration. This commitment was reiterated in the Thessaloniki Declaration, which promised eventual membership for the Western Balkan nations.

Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA)

The process of accession began in earnest with negotiations for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA). While initial negotiations started in 2005 for the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, separate negotiations were launched with Montenegro following its independence in 2006. The SAA was initiated in March 2007 and signed in October 2007, ultimately entering into force on May 1, 2010, after ratification by all EU member states.

The ratification process for the SAA involved each EU member state, a complex procedure that underscored the commitment required for integration. The table below outlines the key dates for the SAA's progression across various stages.

Status of SAA Ratification (Key Milestones)
Event	North Macedonia	Croatia	Albania	Montenegro	Bosnia & Herzegovina	Serbia	Kosovo
SAA negotiations start	2000-04-05	2000-11-24	2003-01-31	2005-10-10	2005-11-25	2005-10-10	2013-10-28
SAA initialled	2000-11-24	2001-05-14	2006-02-28	2007-03-15	2007-12-04	2007-11-07	2014-07-25
SAA/IA signature	2001-04-09	2001-10-29	2006-06-12	2007-10-15	2008-06-16	2008-04-29	2015-10-27
SAA entry into force	2001-06-01	2002-03-01	2006-12-01	2008-01-01	2008-07-01	2010-02-01	2016-04-01

Negotiation Chapters

The Acquis Communautaire

The accession process involves aligning national legislation and policies with the acquis communautaire, the body of EU law. This is structured into 35 negotiating chapters, covering diverse areas from fundamental rights to foreign policy. Montenegro began the screening process in 2012, assessing its readiness in each chapter. The negotiation process is rigorous, requiring substantial reforms and demonstrated capacity to implement EU standards.

Progress Overview

Montenegro has opened all 33 chapters relevant to its accession, with 7 chapters provisionally closed. This signifies considerable progress in aligning its legal and institutional framework with EU requirements. The overall completion rate, as indicated by the EU, reflects the depth of reforms undertaken and the challenges that remain in areas requiring further development and consistent implementation.

Overall Negotiation Progress
Category	Chapters	Status
Chapters Opened	33	Open
Chapters Closed	7	Closed
Chapters with Nothing to Adopt	2	N/A
Overall Completion	~21.2%	21.2% complete

Detailed Chapter Status

Clusters of Negotiating Chapters and Status
Clusters	Acquis Chapter	Status (Overall)
Clusters	Acquis Chapter	Opened	Closed	Nothing to Adopt
Fundamentals	23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights	Open	6	–
	24. Justice, Freedom & Security	Open
	Economic criteria	–
	Functioning of democratic institutions	–
	Public administration reform	–
	5. Public Procurement	Closed
	18. Statistics	Open
	32. Financial Control	Open
Internal Market	1. Free Movement of Goods	Open	6	–
	2. Freedom of Movement For Workers	Open
	3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services	Open (Target Dec 2025)
	4. Free Movement of Capital	Open (Target Dec 2025)
	6. Company Law	Open (Target Dec 2025)
	7. Intellectual Property Law	Closed
	8. Competition Policy	Open
	9. Financial Services	Open
	28. Consumer & Health Protection	Open
Competitiveness and inclusive growth	10. Information Society & Media	Closed	6	–
	16. Taxation	Open
	17. Economic & Monetary Policy	Open
	19. Social Policy & Employment	Open
	20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy	Closed
	25. Science & Research	Closed
	26. Education & Culture	Closed
	29. Customs Union	Open
Green agenda and sustainable connectivity	14. Transport Policy	Open	0	–
	15. Energy	Open
	21. Trans-European Networks	Open
	27. Environment	Open
Resources, agriculture and cohesion	11. Agriculture & Rural Development	Open (Target Dec 2025)	0	–
	12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy	Open
	13. Fisheries	Open (Target Dec 2025)
	22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments	Open
	33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions	Open
External relations	30. External Relations	Closed	1	–
External relations	31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy	Open	1	–
	34. Institutions	Nothing to adopt	–	Nothing to adopt
	35. Other Issues	Nothing to adopt	–	Nothing to adopt

Report History & Progress

October 2024 European Commission Report Status
Acquis chapter	Status as of Oct 2024	Chapter Status as of 2025
1. Free Movement of Goods	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers	Some level of preparation	Chapter open
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
4. Free Movement of Capital	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
5. Public Procurement	Good level of preparation	Chapter closed
6. Company Law	Good level of preparation	Chapter open
7. Intellectual Property Law	Well advanced	Chapter closed
8. Competition Policy	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
9. Financial Services	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
10. Information Society & Media	Good level of preparation	Chapter closed
11. Agriculture & Rural Development	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
13. Fisheries	Some level of preparation	Chapter open
14. Transport Policy	Good level of preparation	Chapter open
15. Energy	Good level of preparation	Chapter open
16. Taxation	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
17. Economic & Monetary Policy	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
18. Statistics	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
19. Social Policy & Employment	Some level of preparation	Chapter open
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy	Good level of preparation	Chapter closed
21. Trans-European Networks	Good level of preparation	Chapter open
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
24. Justice, Freedom & Security	Good level of preparation	Chapter open
25. Science & Research	Good level of preparation	Chapter closed
26. Education & Culture	Good level of preparation	Chapter closed
27. Environment & Climate Change	Some level of preparation	Chapter open
28. Consumer & Health Protection	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
29. Customs Union	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
30. External Relations	Good level of preparation	Chapter closed
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy	Good level of preparation	Chapter open
32. Financial Control	Moderately prepared	Chapter open
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions	Some level of preparation	Chapter open
34. Institutions	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt
35. Other Issues	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt

Economic Integration

Developmental Aid (IPA)

Montenegro benefits from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA), a financial instrument provided by the EU to support candidate countries in their reform efforts. Significant funding has been allocated across different IPA phases: IPA I (€236 million for 2007-2013), IPA II (€271 million for 2014-2020), and an estimated €300 million for IPA III (2021-2027). These funds support key areas such as democracy, rule of law, environment, transport, and competitiveness.

Unilateral Euro Adoption

Montenegro does not have its own currency and has unilaterally adopted the Euro. Initially using the Deutsche Mark from 2001, it transitioned to the Euro upon its introduction in 2002. While this provides monetary stability, the European Commission and ECB have noted that unilateral adoption is not fully compatible with EU treaty provisions. The issue is expected to be addressed during the accession negotiations, with the understanding that Montenegro will likely retain the Euro post-accession, provided certain fiscal rules are adopted.

Travel Facilitation

Schengen Visa Liberalisation

A significant step in Montenegro's integration was the visa liberalisation process. Following the entry into force of visa facilitation and readmission agreements in 2008, Montenegrin citizens were granted visa-free access to the Schengen Area starting December 19, 2009. This allows for short stays without a visa when traveling with biometric passports, facilitating easier movement for tourism, business, and family visits. It is important to note that this liberalisation does not extend to Ireland, which operates outside the Schengen framework.

Note: From October 2026, Montenegrin citizens will be required to register via the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) before entering the Schengen area.

Public Sentiment

Strong Public Support

Public opinion in Montenegro consistently shows overwhelming support for EU membership. Surveys conducted in recent years indicate that a significant majority of citizens favor accession. For instance, a May 2023 survey revealed that 79.3% of citizens supported EU membership, with a high percentage believing Montenegro will achieve membership. This strong public backing is a crucial factor in the country's political landscape and its commitment to the accession process.

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References

Serbia started negotiations in November 2005 while part of Serbia and Montenegro, with a modified mandate from July 2006.

No Interim Agreement associated with Kosovo's SAA was concluded.[31]

A full list of references for this article are available at the Accession of Montenegro to the European Union Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This content has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence model, drawing upon publicly available data from Wikipedia. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness, the information presented is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It may not reflect the most current developments or nuances of the accession process.

This is not official advice. The information provided herein does not constitute official guidance, legal counsel, or political analysis. Users should consult official EU documents and governmental sources for definitive information regarding Montenegro's accession to the European Union.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on the information provided. Always verify critical information with authoritative sources.

Montenegro's European Horizon

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The Path to Membership 🇪🇺

🗺️ The Journey Begins

📜 Candidate Status Granted

📊 Current Standing

Key Milestones ⏳

📍 Early Engagement

🤝 Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA)

Negotiation Chapters ⚖️

📚 The Acquis Communautaire

📈 Progress Overview

Detailed Chapter Status

Report History & Progress

Economic Integration 💰

💸 Developmental Aid (IPA)

💶 Unilateral Euro Adoption

Travel Facilitation ✈️

🛂 Schengen Visa Liberalisation

Public Sentiment 🗣️

👍 Strong Public Support

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The Path to Membership

The Journey Begins

Candidate Status Granted

Current Standing

Key Milestones

Early Engagement

Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA)

Negotiation Chapters

The Acquis Communautaire

Progress Overview

Economic Integration

Developmental Aid (IPA)

Unilateral Euro Adoption

Travel Facilitation

Schengen Visa Liberalisation

Public Sentiment

Strong Public Support

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

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References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice