Candlewood Lake: A Hydro-Engineered Oasis
Delving into the genesis, ecology, and recreational allure of Connecticut's largest man-made reservoir.
Explore Genesis ๐ Discover Recreation ๐ถDive in with Flashcard Learning!
๐ฎ Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game๐ฎ
Overview
Connecticut's Largest Lake
Candlewood Lake stands as Connecticut's most expansive lake, a significant human-made reservoir spanning 8.4 square miles (22 km2). Its geographical footprint extends across both Fairfield and Litchfield counties in Western Connecticut, making it a prominent feature within the New York metropolitan area. The lake's extensive shoreline is shared by the city of Danbury and the towns of Brookfield, New Fairfield, New Milford, and Sherman. Notably, the lakefront property here is among the most valuable in the Greater Danbury region.
Key Hydrological Data
As a reservoir, Candlewood Lake plays a critical role in the regional hydrological system. Its primary inflows and outflows are the Rocky River and the Housatonic River, underscoring its connection to these vital waterways. The lake's surface elevation is approximately 429 feet (131 meters) above sea level. With a maximum length of 11 miles (18 km) and a maximum width of 2 miles (3.2 km) at its widest point, it boasts a substantial surface area of 5,420 acres (21.9 km2). The average depth is around 40 feet (12 meters), reaching a maximum depth of 90 feet (27 meters), and holding a water volume of 167,112 acre-feet (206,130,000 m3).
Creation
The Vision: Power Generation
The genesis of Candlewood Lake dates back to July 15, 1926, when the Connecticut Light and Power Company (CL&P) board of directors sanctioned an ambitious plan. Their objective was to establish the United States' first large-scale pumped storage facility. The concept was ingenious: by creating a vast lake and filling it with water from the Housatonic River, the utility could generate electricity. Water would be pumped into the lake during periods of low electrical demand, then released through penstocks to spin turbines and produce power when demand was high, effectively acting as a colossal battery for the region's hydro-system.
Engineering a Landscape
The construction phase commenced swiftly, involving nearly 1,400 laborers. Surveyors mapped the valley, and legal teams managed land transfers, often utilizing eminent domain to acquire properties held by families for generations. Many buildings and even farming equipment were left in place as the valley was prepared for inundation, though a small cemetery was carefully relocated. Approximately 500 men from Maine and Canada undertook the arduous task of hand-felling 4,500 acres (1,800 ha) of woodland, burning the timber in immense bonfires. Multiple dams were erected, with the largest at the northern end reaching 952 feet (290 meters) in width and 100 feet (30 meters) in height.
Evolution of Ownership
For decades, CL&P maintained ownership and operation of both Candlewood Lake and its associated hydroelectric power facilities. However, a significant shift occurred in June 2006, when the lake and its generation plant were sold for $9 million. This transaction was a direct consequence of the deregulation of the electric power industry by the State in the late 1990s. Currently, the lake and its power generation infrastructure are under the stewardship of FirstLight Power Resources, continuing its legacy as a vital energy asset.
Recreation
Year-Round Activities
Candlewood Lake is a vibrant hub for tourism and leisure, attracting numerous visitors and serving as a popular location for second homes, particularly for residents of New York City. While the summer months see the highest influx of tourists engaging in swimming, fishing, and boating, the lake offers recreational opportunities throughout the year. Its extensive 60-mile (97 km) shoreline is dotted with various tourist resorts and recreational amenities, including golf courses, public and private beaches, and marinas, catering to a wide array of interests.
Navigating the Waters
To ensure safety and enjoyment for all users, specific regulations govern activities on Candlewood Lake. A daytime speed limit of 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) is enforced for boats, which reduces to 25 miles per hour (40 km/h) during nighttime hours, from half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise. Furthermore, a strict 6 miles per hour (9.7 km/h) speed limit applies within 100 feet (30 meters) of the shore, docks, moored vessels, and other areas designated as hazardous by the power company. Uniquely, seaplanes are also permitted to land on the lake, adding another dimension to its recreational use.
Underwater Exploration
With an average depth of approximately 40 feet (12 meters) and certain areas plunging to 80 feet (24 meters), Candlewood Lake offers intriguing opportunities for scuba divers. The submerged landscape holds remnants of the valley that existed before the lake's creation. Divers can explore the foundations of old buildings, follow underwater roads, and discover artifacts from a bygone era. Notable underwater finds have included vintage Model Ts, wreckage from small aircraft that have crashed into the lake over the years, and even remnants of covered bridges, providing a unique historical diving experience.
Popular Spots & Shores
Among the lake's many attractions is Chicken Rock, a prominent 25-foot (7.6-meter) high rock formation on the Sherman side of the New Fairfield-Sherman border, popular for jumping into the water, though it is also a site of frequent injuries. A rope swing nearby offers another thrilling aquatic activity. The lake is also home to several private beaches and clubs, including Lynn Deming Park, Millstone Ridge, the Candlewood Lake Club, and Sail Harbour Club, providing exclusive access and amenities for residents and members.
Ecology
Aquatic Challenges
Candlewood Lake faces persistent ecological challenges, primarily stemming from the proliferation of invasive aquatic vegetation. The growth of eelgrass and Eurasian milfoil in shallower areas is an ongoing concern, impacting both recreational activities and the lake's ecosystem. The constant agitation of silt by boats, combined with the presence of water weeds and algae, significantly reduces underwater visibility, which typically ranges from 5 to 20 feet (2 to 6 meters). These factors necessitate continuous environmental management efforts to maintain the lake's health and usability.
Management Strategies
Various strategies have been employed to combat the invasive plant growth and maintain water quality. One common practice involves lowering the lake's water level by approximately 10 feet (3 meters) during the winter months, an attempt to expose and freeze the weeds. Mechanical cutters on barges have also been used to trim the vegetation, albeit with limited success. Furthermore, both chemical and biological methods have been considered, tested, or implemented. In December 2006, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, treated the lake with an organic phosphate. More recently, grass-eating weevils were tested in 2008 and 2010, and grass-eating carp were introduced in 2015 as biological control agents.
Invasive Species Threat
A significant environmental concern emerged in October 2016 with the discovery of zebra mussels on the Rocky River power station. This finding intensified fears that this highly destructive invasive species could eventually infiltrate Candlewood Lake itself. Zebra mussels are known for their rapid reproduction, ability to outcompete native species, and capacity to clog water intake pipes and damage infrastructure. Their presence poses a substantial threat to the lake's delicate ecosystem and the infrastructure of the power generation facility, highlighting the ongoing need for vigilance and preventative measures.
History
A Submerged Past
Before the vast expanse of Candlewood Lake came into being, the valley was home to a small village known as Jerusalem, which was ultimately submerged beneath the rising waters. Even as the lake was still being filled, its potential as a summer vacation destination, particularly for residents of New York City, became evident. This anticipation led to a rapid surge in land prices along the prospective shoreline, with values jumping to $1,000 an acre. Consequently, summer developments began to appear almost immediately, transforming the area into a burgeoning recreational haven.
Naming the Lake
The naming of this significant body of water was a matter of local deliberation, with "Lake Danbury" being an early consideration. Ultimately, the lake was named after New Milford's Candlewood Mountain. The mountain itself derived its name from the Candlewood tree, identified as Pinus rigida. Early settlers in the region ingeniously utilized the sapling branches of this tree as a source of light, effectively serving as candles, thus imbuing the name "Candlewood" with a rich historical and practical significance.
Islands
The Twelve Islands of Candlewood
Candlewood Lake is graced with twelve distinct islands, each contributing to its unique character and providing diverse points of interest for visitors and wildlife. These islands are integral to the lake's landscape, offering secluded spots and natural habitats. They are:
Teacher's Corner
Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio
Click here to open the "Candlewood Lake" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit
Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.
True or False?
Test Your Knowledge!
Gamer's Corner
Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?
Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!
Play now
References
References
Feedback & Support
To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.
Disclaimer
Important Notice
This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.
This is not professional environmental, engineering, or recreational advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for consulting official environmental agencies, engineering experts, or local recreational authorities for specific guidance, regulations, or safety protocols related to Candlewood Lake. Always refer to official sources and consult with qualified professionals for specific project needs or recreational activities. Never disregard professional advice because of something you have read on this website.
The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.