Which Swedish institution is responsible for awarding the Crafoord Prize?

The Crafoord Prize is awarded jointly by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which selects the laureates, and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund.

In which scientific fields is the Crafoord Prize awarded?

The prize is awarded in four categories: astronomy and mathematics, geosciences, biosciences (with a particular emphasis on ecology), and polyarthritis research.

What is the purpose behind the selection of the Crafoord Prize's scientific disciplines?

The disciplines for the Crafoord Prize are intentionally chosen to complement the Nobel Prizes, covering scientific areas that are not recognized by Nobel Prizes.

How are the categories for the Crafoord Prize awarded on an annual basis?

Only one award is presented each year, following a rotating scheme that cycles through astronomy and mathematics, then geosciences, and then biosciences. Since 2012, astronomy and mathematics are awarded separately but at the same time.

Under what specific condition is the Crafoord Prize awarded in the field of polyarthritis?

The Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis is awarded only when a special committee determines that substantial progress has been made in the field.

What personal reason motivated the inclusion of polyarthritis research as a Crafoord Prize category?

Polyarthritis was included as a prize category because Holger Crafoord, one of the founders, suffered from severe rheumatoid arthritis in his later years.

When was the very first Crafoord Prize awarded?

The first Crafoord Prize was awarded in the year 1982.

What was the prize money for the Crafoord Prize as of 2024, and how does it compare to Nobel Prizes?

As of 2024, the prize money for the Crafoord Prize is 6,000,000 Swedish kronor (approximately US$560,000), which is roughly half the amount awarded for Nobel Prizes.

When are the recipients of the Crafoord Prize typically announced each year?

The recipients of the Crafoord Prize are announced annually in mid-January.

Who presents the Crafoord Prize, and during what period is this ceremony held?

The Crafoord Prize is presented by a member of the Monarchy of Sweden during the event known as "Crafoord Days," which typically takes place in April or May.

Who were the inaugural laureates of the Crafoord Prize in 1982, and what was the focus of their award-winning work?

The inaugural laureates in 1982 were Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, who were recognized for their outstanding achievements in the theory of non-linear differential equations.

How many recipients can be awarded the Crafoord Prize in a single year?

While the prize is typically awarded to a single recipient, it is possible for up to three individuals to share the award in a given year.

Who was the first female laureate of the Crafoord Prize, and in which year did she receive it?

The first woman to be awarded the Crafoord Prize was the astronomer Andrea Ghez in 2012.

What was the scientific contribution that led to Edward Norton Lorenz and Henry Stommel receiving the 1983 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Lorenz and Stommel were honored for their fundamental contributions to geophysical hydrodynamics, which significantly enhanced the understanding of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic motions.

For what pioneering work in co-evolution was Daniel H. Janzen awarded the 1984 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences?

Daniel H. Janzen received the 1984 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for his imaginative and stimulating studies on co-evolution, which have inspired numerous researchers in the field.

Who received the 1985 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy, and for what specific contributions was he recognized?

Lyman Spitzer received the 1985 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy for his fundamental and pioneering studies concerning virtually every aspect of the interstellar medium, notably the results obtained using the Copernicus satellite.

What were the key contributions of Claude Allègre and Gerald J. Wasserburg that earned them the 1986 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Allègre and Wasserburg were recognized for their pioneering studies in isotope geochemistry and the geological interpretations that their findings permitted.

What foundational work in ecosystem ecology led to Eugene Odum and Howard T. Odum sharing the 1987 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences?

Eugene Odum and Howard T. Odum shared the 1987 Crafoord Prize for their pioneering contributions within the field of ecosystem ecology.

What fundamental research in algebraic geometry was recognized with the 1988 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics, and who were the recipients?

Pierre Deligne and Alexander Grothendieck received the 1988 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics for their fundamental research in algebraic geometry. It is noted that Grothendieck declined the prize.

What discovery in space exploration earned James Van Allen the 1989 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

James Van Allen was awarded the 1989 Crafoord Prize for his pioneering exploration of space, specifically the discovery of energetic particles trapped in the Earth's geomagnetic field, known as the Van Allen belts.

Who shared the 1990 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences, and what were their respective research contributions?

Paul R. Ehrlich and E. O. Wilson shared the 1990 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences. Ehrlich was recognized for his research on the dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations, while Wilson was honored for his theory of island biogeography and research on species diversity.

What significant contributions to the study of galaxies earned Allan Sandage the 1991 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy?

Allan Sandage received the 1991 Crafoord Prize for his very important contributions to the study of galaxies, including their stellar populations, clusters, nebulae, evolution, and the velocity-distance relation.

What innovative research concerning the evolution of life earned Adolf Seilacher the 1992 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Adolf Seilacher was awarded the 1992 Crafoord Prize for his innovative research on the evolution of life and its interaction with the environment, as documented in the geological record.

Who were the recipients of the 1993 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences, and what were their key theoretical contributions?

W. D. Hamilton and Seymour Benzer were the recipients of the 1993 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences. Hamilton was recognized for his theories on kin selection and genetic relatedness for the evolution of altruistic behavior, and Benzer for his pioneering genetical and neurophysiological studies on behavioral mutants in fruit flies.

What fundamental investigations in four-dimensional geometry earned Simon Donaldson and Shing-Tung Yau the 1994 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics?

Simon Donaldson was recognized for his fundamental investigations in four-dimensional geometry through the application of instantons, including the discovery of new differential invariants. Shing-Tung Yau was honored for his development of non-linear techniques in differential geometry that led to the solution of several outstanding problems.

What fundamental work on developing and applying isotope geological analysis methods earned Willi Dansgaard and Nicholas Shackleton the 1995 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Willi Dansgaard and Nicholas Shackleton received the 1995 Crafoord Prize for their fundamental work in developing and applying isotope geological analysis methods for the study of climatic variations during the Quaternary period.

For what pioneering ecological research was Robert May awarded the 1996 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences?

Robert May received the 1996 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for his pioneering ecological research concerning the theoretical analysis of the dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems.

Who shared the 1997 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy, and what was the focus of their recognized contributions?

Fred Hoyle and Edwin Ernest Salpeter shared the 1997 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy for their pioneering contributions to the study of nuclear processes in stars and stellar evolution.

What fundamental contributions to understanding the interior of the Earth earned Don L. Anderson and Adam M. Dziewonski the 1998 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Don L. Anderson and Adam M. Dziewonski were awarded the 1998 Crafoord Prize for their fundamental contributions to the knowledge of the structures and processes within the Earth's interior.

Who were the three recipients of the 1999 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences, and what was their collective contribution to evolutionary biology?

Ernst Mayr, John Maynard Smith, and George Christopher Williams received the 1999 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for their fundamental contributions to the conceptual development of evolutionary biology.

What discovery led to Marc Feldmann and Ravinder N. Maini receiving the 2000 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis?

Marc Feldmann and Ravinder N. Maini were awarded the 2000 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis for their discovery that TNF-alpha could be a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis.

What was Alain Connes' recognized contribution for the 2001 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics?

Alain Connes received the 2001 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics for his penetrating work on the theory of operator algebras and for being a founder of non-commutative geometry.

What fundamental contributions to understanding the lithosphere earned Dan McKenzie the 2002 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Dan McKenzie was awarded the 2002 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences for his fundamental contributions to understanding the dynamics of the lithosphere, particularly in areas like plate tectonics, sedimentary basin formation, and mantle melting.

For what significant discovery was Carl Woese awarded the 2003 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences?

Carl Woese received the 2003 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for his discovery of a third domain of life, expanding the understanding of the tree of life.

What research on the molecular mechanisms of white blood cell migration earned Eugene C. Butcher and Timothy A. Springer the 2004 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis?

Eugene C. Butcher and Timothy A. Springer were awarded the 2004 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis for their studies focusing on the molecular mechanisms that govern the migration of white blood cells in both healthy and diseased states.

Who shared the 2005 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy, and what was their collective contribution to understanding the universe's structure?

James E. Gunn, James Peebles, and Martin Rees shared the 2005 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy for their significant contributions towards understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe.

What pioneering research on the global carbon cycle and its interaction with climate earned Wallace Smith Broecker the 2006 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Wallace Smith Broecker received the 2006 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences for his innovative and pioneering research into the operation of the global carbon cycle within the ocean-atmosphere-biosphere system and its crucial interaction with climate.

For what fundamental analysis of social behavior was Robert Trivers awarded the 2007 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences?

Robert Trivers received the 2007 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for his fundamental analysis of social evolution, conflict, and cooperation.

Who shared the 2008 Crafoord Prizes, and what were their respective fields of recognition?

Rashid Alievich Sunyaev received the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy for his decisive contributions to high energy astrophysics and cosmology. Maxim Kontsevich and Edward Witten shared the prize in Mathematics for their important contributions inspired by modern theoretical physics.

What pioneering work on interleukins earned Charles Dinarello, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, and Toshio Hirano the 2009 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis?

Charles Dinarello, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, and Toshio Hirano were honored with the 2009 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis for their pioneering work in isolating interleukins, determining their properties, and exploring their role in the development of inflammatory diseases.

What fundamental contributions to understanding ocean circulation earned Walter Munk the 2010 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Walter Munk received the 2010 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to the understanding of ocean circulation, tides, waves, and their significant role in Earth's dynamics.

For what pioneering studies on population dynamics was Ilkka Hanski awarded the 2011 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences?

Ilkka Hanski received the 2011 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for his pioneering studies investigating how spatial variation influences the dynamics of animal and plant populations.

Who shared the 2012 Crafoord Prizes, and for what significant scientific achievements were they recognized?

Reinhard Genzel and Andrea M. Ghez shared the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy for their observations of stars orbiting the galactic center, providing evidence for a supermassive black hole. Jean Bourgain and Terence Tao shared the prize in Mathematics for their brilliant and groundbreaking work across various mathematical fields, including harmonic analysis and theoretical computer science.

What discoveries concerning genetic and environmental factors in rheumatoid arthritis earned Peter K. Gregersen, Lars Klareskog, and Robert J. Winchester the 2013 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis?

Peter K. Gregersen, Lars Klareskog, and Robert J. Winchester were awarded the 2013 Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis for their discoveries related to the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of rheumatoid arthritis.

What groundbreaking contribution to understanding global tectonics earned Peter Molnar the 2014 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences?

Peter Molnar received the 2014 Crafoord Prize in Geosciences for his groundbreaking contribution to the understanding of global tectonics, particularly concerning continental deformation, the evolution of mountain ranges, and the impact of tectonic processes on climate and ocean-atmosphere circulation.

Who shared the 2015 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences, and for what pioneering analyses were they honored?

Richard Lewontin and Tomoko Ohta shared the 2015 Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism.

What fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences earned Roy Kerr and Roger Blandford the 2016 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy?

Roy Kerr and Roger Blandford were honored with the 2016 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy for their fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their resulting astrophysical consequences.

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What is the Crafoord Prize?

A Prestigious Recognition

The Crafoord Prize is a distinguished international award established in 1980 by Holger and Anna-Greta Crafoord. It is presented annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund, Sweden.

Complementing Nobel's Scope

The prize's disciplines are strategically chosen to complement the Nobel Prizes, focusing on fields not traditionally covered. These include astronomy and mathematics, geosciences, and biosciences, with a particular emphasis on ecology. A special award for polyarthritis research is also granted when significant advancements are recognized.

Global Impact

Awarded for fundamental contributions that have led to breakthroughs in their respective fields, the Crafoord Prize celebrates scientific endeavors that push the boundaries of human knowledge and understanding across the globe.

Awarded Fields

Astronomy & Mathematics

Recognizing advancements in understanding the cosmos, from celestial mechanics to the structure of the universe, and foundational work in abstract mathematical concepts.

Geosciences

Honoring contributions to the study of Earth's systems, including its physical structure, processes, history, and the dynamic interplay of its components.

Biosciences

Specifically acknowledging pioneering work in ecology and other areas of biological science that deepen our understanding of life and its interactions.

Polyarthritis Research

A unique category awarded when substantial progress is made in understanding and treating inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, stemming from Holger Crafoord's personal experience.

The Genesis of the Prize

A Visionary Donation

Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta established the prize through a significant donation to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1980. Their vision was to support and celebrate scientific research that might otherwise be overlooked.

Personal Motivation

The inclusion of polyarthritis research as a specific category was deeply personal, inspired by Holger Crafoord's own struggle with severe rheumatoid arthritis in his later years. This ensured a focus on advancing medical understanding in this area.

Awarding Authority

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The selection of laureates is entrusted to the esteemed Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. This institution, renowned for its rigorous evaluation of scientific merit, ensures that the prize recognizes truly exceptional and impactful research.

Royal Patronage

The prize ceremony is traditionally graced by a member of the Swedish Monarchy, underscoring the national significance and prestige associated with the Crafoord Prize and its laureates.

Distinguished Laureates

A testament to scientific excellence, the Crafoord Prize has honored numerous influential figures across its designated fields.

Laureate Overview

The Crafoord Prize is typically awarded to one or up to three recipients each year, recognizing their profound contributions. The following table details some of the notable laureates and their cited achievements.

Year	Category	Laureate(s)	Rationale
1982	Mathematics	Vladimir Arnold Louis Nirenberg	For outstanding achievements in the theory of non-linear differential equations.
1983	Geosciences	Edward Norton Lorenz Henry Stommel	For fundamental contributions to geophysical hydrodynamics, enhancing understanding of atmospheric and oceanic motions.
1984	Biosciences	Daniel H. Janzen	For imaginative studies on co-evolution that inspired extensive research.
1985	Astronomy	Lyman Spitzer	For pioneering studies of the interstellar medium and its observation via satellite.
1986	Geosciences	Claude Allègre Gerald J. Wasserburg	For pioneering isotope geochemical studies and their geological interpretations.
1987	Biosciences	Eugene Odum Howard T. Odum	For pioneering contributions to ecosystem ecology.
1988	Mathematics	Pierre Deligne Alexander Grothendieck	For fundamental research in algebraic geometry.
1989	Geosciences	James Van Allen	For pioneering space exploration, including the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts.
1990	Biosciences	Paul R. Ehrlich E. O. Wilson	For research on population dynamics, genetics, and island biogeography.
1991	Astronomy	Allan Sandage	For significant contributions to the study of galaxies, their evolution, and the Hubble relation.
1992	Geosciences	Adolf Seilacher	For innovative research on the evolution of life documented in the geological record.
1993	Biosciences	W. D. Hamilton Seymour Benzer	For theories on kin selection and studies on behavioral mutants in genetics.
1994	Mathematics	Simon Donaldson Shing-Tung Yau	For investigations in four-dimensional geometry and development of non-linear techniques.
1995	Geosciences	Willi Dansgaard Nicholas Shackleton	For developing and applying isotope geological analysis for studying Quaternary climatic variations.
1996	Biosciences	Robert May	For pioneering ecological research on population dynamics and ecosystem theory.
1997	Astronomy	Fred Hoyle Edwin Ernest Salpeter	For pioneering contributions to the study of nuclear processes in stars and stellar evolution.
1998	Geosciences	Don L. Anderson Adam M. Dziewonski	For fundamental contributions to understanding Earth's interior structures and processes.
1999	Biosciences	Ernst Mayr John Maynard Smith George Christopher Williams	For fundamental contributions to the conceptual development of evolutionary biology.
2000	Polyarthritis	Marc Feldmann Ravinder N. Maini	For defining TNF-alpha as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis.
2001	Mathematics	Alain Connes	For work on operator algebras and founding non-commutative geometry.
2002	Geosciences	Dan McKenzie	For fundamental contributions to understanding lithospheric dynamics and plate tectonics.
2003	Biosciences	Carl Woese	For the discovery of a third domain of life.
2004	Polyarthritis	Eugene C. Butcher Timothy A. Springer	For studies of molecular mechanisms in white blood cell migration.
2005	Astronomy	James E. Gunn James Peebles Martin Rees	For contributions towards understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe.
2006	Geosciences	Wallace Smith Broecker	For pioneering research on the global carbon cycle and its interaction with climate.
2007	Biosciences	Robert Trivers	For fundamental analysis of social evolution, conflict, and cooperation.
2008	Astronomy	Rashid Alievich Sunyaev	For decisive contributions to high energy astrophysics and cosmology.
2008	Mathematics	Maxim Kontsevich Edward Witten	For contributions to mathematics inspired by modern theoretical physics.
2009	Polyarthritis	Charles Dinarello Tadamitsu Kishimoto Toshio Hirano	For pioneering work on interleukins and their role in inflammatory diseases.
2010	Geosciences	Walter Munk	For fundamental contributions to understanding ocean circulation, tides, and waves.
2011	Biosciences	Ilkka Hanski	For pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects population dynamics.
2012	Astronomy	Reinhard Genzel Andrea M. Ghez	For observations of stars orbiting the galactic center, indicating a supermassive black hole.
2012	Mathematics	Jean Bourgain Terence Tao	For brilliant work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, and number theory.
2013	Polyarthritis	Peter K. Gregersen Lars Klareskog Robert J. Winchester	For discoveries concerning genetic and environmental factors in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.
2014	Geosciences	Peter Molnar	For contributions to understanding global tectonics and climate impact.
2015	Biosciences	Richard Lewontin Tomoko Ohta	For pioneering analyses of genetic polymorphism.
2016	Astronomy	Roy Kerr Roger Blandford	For fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences.
2016	Mathematics	Yakov Eliashberg	For the development of contact and symplectic topology.
2017	Polyarthritis	Shimon Sakaguchi Fred Ramsdell Alexander Rudensky	For discoveries relating to regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases.
2018	Geosciences	Syukuro Manabe Susan Solomon	For fundamental contributions to understanding the role of trace gases in Earth's climate system.
2019	Biosciences	Sallie W. Chisholm	For discovery and studies of Prochlorococcus, the most abundant photosynthesizing organism.
2020	Astronomy	Eugene N. Parker	For pioneering studies of the solar wind and magnetic fields.
2020	Mathematics	Enrico Bombieri	For outstanding contributions in number theory, analysis, and algebraic geometry.
2021	Polyarthritis	Daniel L. Kastner	For establishing the concept of autoinflammatory diseases.
2022	Geosciences	Andrew H. Knoll	For contributions to understanding early life on Earth and its environmental interactions.
2023	Biosciences	Dolph Schluter	For contributions to understanding adaptive radiation and ecological speciation.
2024	Astronomy	Douglas Gough Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Conny Aerts	For developing asteroseismology methods to study stellar interiors.
2024	Mathematics	Claire Voisin	For contributions to complex and algebraic geometry, including Hodge theory.
2025	Polyarthritis	Christopher Goodnow David Nemazee	For discovering mechanisms that prevent autoimmune disease.

Prize Specifics

Monetary Reward

The prize money associated with the Crafoord Prize is 6,000,000 Swedish Kronor (approximately US$560,000), reflecting its significant value and the caliber of its recipients.

Award Schedule

Laureates are typically announced in mid-January, with the formal award ceremony taking place in April or May during the designated "Crafoord Days" in Lund, Sweden.

Inaugural Award

The first Crafoord Prize was awarded in 1982, recognizing seminal work in mathematics by Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg.

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References

Grothendieck declined the prize.[11]

A full list of references for this article are available at the Crafoord Prize Wikipedia page

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This content has been generated by an AI model for educational purposes, drawing information from publicly available sources. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, it may not be exhaustive or entirely up-to-date.

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The Crafoord Prize

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What is the Crafoord Prize? ℹ️

🌟 A Prestigious Recognition

🔭 Complementing Nobel's Scope

🌍 Global Impact

Awarded Fields 🔬

🌌 Astronomy & Mathematics

🌍 Geosciences

🌿 Biosciences

💪 Polyarthritis Research

The Genesis of the Prize 💡

🤝 A Visionary Donation

❤️ Personal Motivation

Awarding Authority 🏛️

🇸🇪 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

👑 Royal Patronage

Distinguished Laureates 🏆

🗓️ Laureate Overview

Prize Specifics 💰

💰 Monetary Reward

📅 Award Schedule

📜 Inaugural Award

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

What is the Crafoord Prize?

A Prestigious Recognition

Complementing Nobel's Scope

Global Impact

Awarded Fields

Astronomy & Mathematics

Geosciences

Biosciences

Polyarthritis Research

The Genesis of the Prize

A Visionary Donation

Personal Motivation

Awarding Authority

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Royal Patronage

Distinguished Laureates

Laureate Overview

Prize Specifics

Monetary Reward

Award Schedule

Inaugural Award

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice