What was the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a self-declared Soviet republic that existed briefly in 1918. It was proclaimed on February 12, 1918, as part of the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets. This entity emerged during a period of intense political change following the Russian Revolution and World War I, characterized by competing claims of authority and the formation of various state structures.

When was the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic proclaimed, and what was its initial status?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was proclaimed on February 12, 1918. It was established as a Soviet republic within the broader framework of the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets. This proclamation occurred shortly after the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) signed its own Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, which defined the UPR's borders.

What was the geopolitical context surrounding the proclamation of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The republic was proclaimed amidst the turmoil following the Russian Revolution and the ongoing World War I. Specifically, it was established three days after the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers on February 9, 1918. This treaty recognized the UPR's borders, which the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's claims would later challenge.

Did Vladimir Lenin support the creation of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

No, Vladimir Lenin did not support the creation of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. Similarly, Yakov Sverdlov also did not endorse its formation. However, some other Bolshevik figures, such as Elena Stasova, did send messages of support.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed on March 3, 1918, concerning Soviet Russia?

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on March 3, 1918, between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria), marked Russia's withdrawal from World War I. A key provision, Article III, stated that territories west of a line agreed upon by the contracting parties, which previously belonged to Russia, would no longer be subject to Russian sovereignty. The future status of these territories was to be determined by their populations.

What territories did the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic claim?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic claimed territories situated south of the neighboring Ukrainian People's Republic. These claimed areas included the Kharkov Governorate, the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, and a portion of the Kherson Governorate. These regions were significant industrial and mining areas.

What were the capitals of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The capital of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was initially the city of Kharkiv. As the Red Guard forces retreated, the capital was subsequently moved to Luhansk.

How did the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's government interact with other Ukrainian governing bodies?

The newly formed government of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic challenged the authority of existing Ukrainian governing bodies, specifically the General Secretariat of Ukraine and the People's Secretariat. Some officials within the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog government also held positions in other Bolshevik-led administrations in Ukraine.

When and how was the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic officially dissolved?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was formally disbanded on March 20, 1918, during the second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. This dissolution occurred in conjunction with the announcement of the independence of Soviet Ukraine. The republic failed to gain recognition from any international bodies or even from the Russian SFSR, and its abolition was formalized in accordance with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Did the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic achieve international recognition?

No, the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic did not achieve recognition from any international entities. It also lacked recognition from the Russian SFSR. Its existence was brief and largely unrecognized by the major political powers of the time.

What is the symbolic meaning of the flag associated with the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The flag associated with the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic is depicted as a red flag. Red flags are historically symbolic of socialist and communist movements, representing revolution, the blood of martyrs, or the workers' struggle.

What does the map included in the source material show regarding the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The source material includes a map illustrating the territory claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic in March 1918. This claimed territory is depicted in green on the map. However, the map is noted as requiring a citation for verification.

What was the status of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic held the status of an unrecognized, self-declared entity. Despite its proclamation, it did not receive formal recognition from established states or governing bodies.

Who served as the Chairman of the Sovnarkom (Council of People's Commissars) for the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

Fyodor Sergeyev, also known by the alias 'Artyom,' served as the Chairman of the Sovnarkom for the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. He held this leadership position throughout the republic's existence, including during the period when the government relocated from Kharkiv to Luhansk.

Who were some of the key People's Commissars in the initial government of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic based in Kharkiv?

In the initial government based in Kharkiv, Fyodor Sergeyev ('Artyom') was the Chairman. Other People's Commissars included S. Vasilchenko for Internal Affairs, Valeriy Mezhlauk for Financial Affairs, B. Magidov for Labour, M. Zhakov for National Enlightenment, V. Filov for Legal Affairs, Moisei Rukhimovich for Military Affairs, and A. Kamensky for State Control.

What led to the relocation of the Sovnarkom from Kharkiv to Luhansk?

The Sovnarkom (Council of People's Commissars) relocated from Kharkiv to Luhansk following a government crisis. This crisis involved the resignation of several commissars, specifically Zhakov and Filov, on March 29, 1918. This move signified a shift in the republic's administrative center during its final days.

Who were the key figures in the government of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic after its relocation to Luhansk?

After relocating to Luhansk, Fyodor Sergeyev ('Artyom') continued as Chairman, with Yu. Lutovinov serving as Deputy Chairman. The People's Commissars included I. Yakimovich for Internal Affairs, Valeriy Mezhlauk for Finance, B. Magidov for Labour, Ya. Istomin for Enlightenment, A. Chervyakov for Justice, I. Alekseyev ('Koom') for Provision, Moisei Rukhimovich for Military Affairs, A. Kamensky for State Control, Innokentiy Kozhevnikov for Posts and Telegraphs, and A. Puzyryov for Public Property. A. Povzner served as Director of Sovnarkom Affairs.

What legislative body was associated with the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The legislative body associated with the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a Soviet, which is a council. This aligns with the broader structure of Soviet republics established during that revolutionary period.

What historical era is the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic associated with?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic is associated with the historical era of World War I. Its brief existence and proclamation occurred during the final stages of the war and the subsequent revolutionary period in Eastern Europe.

What currency was used in the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The currency used in the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was the Ruble. The Ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and continued to be used by successor states during this period of transition.

What entities preceded the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was preceded by the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian People's Republic. These were the larger political entities whose territories and authority were being contested and redefined during the revolutionary period.

What entity succeeded the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The Ukrainian Soviet Republic succeeded the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. This marked the consolidation of Soviet power in Ukraine under a single recognized entity, absorbing the claims and territories of the earlier, unrecognized republic.

What modern-day countries comprise the territory formerly claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The territory claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic is now part of modern-day Ukraine and Russia. Specifically, its claimed regions fall within eastern and southern Ukraine, and potentially border areas that are now part of Russia.

How has the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic been referenced in recent history, specifically concerning the conflict in Donbas?

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was invoked during the war in Donbas, which began in 2014. On February 5, 2015, the legislature of the unrecognized separatist Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) adopted a memorandum declaring itself the successor to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. They also recognized Fyodor Sergeyev ('Artyom') as a founding father.

What is the relationship between the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic?

The Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), a separatist entity that emerged in 2014, declared itself the successor to the historical Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. This claim was formalized in a memorandum adopted by the DPR legislature in 2015, linking the modern separatist movement to the earlier Soviet republic.

What does the term 'Soviet republic' signify in the context of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The term 'Soviet republic' signifies a form of government established during the Russian Revolution and its aftermath, based on the principles of soviets (councils) of workers', soldiers', and peasants' deputies. It represented a political structure aligned with Bolshevik ideology, aiming for a socialist state.

What was the significance of the city of Luhansk for the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

Luhansk served as the second capital of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. The government relocated to Luhansk from Kharkiv after a period of crisis and retreat of Red Guard forces, indicating its strategic importance during the republic's final phase.

What was the 'People's Commissariat' system mentioned in relation to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The 'People's Commissariat' system refers to the government ministries or departments within the Soviet republic structure. Each commissariat was responsible for a specific area of governance, such as internal affairs, finance, or military matters, headed by a People's Commissar.

What does the reference to 'citation needed' next to the map of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic imply?

The notation '[citation needed]' indicates that the information presented, specifically the map showing the claimed territory in green, requires supporting evidence from reliable sources. Wikipedia articles often use this notation to flag claims that need further verification to ensure factual accuracy.

What does the hatnote at the beginning of the article clarify?

The hatnote at the beginning of the article clarifies that the content pertains to the historical Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic of 1918. It directs readers to a different entry, the 'Donetsk People's Republic,' for information about the separatist entity that emerged in 2014, distinguishing between the two.

What was the role of the 'Soviet' as a legislature in this republic?

The 'Soviet' functioned as the legislature for the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. This aligns with the broader Soviet system where councils, or Soviets, were intended to represent the will of the working people and form the basis of governmental power.

What does the inclusion of 'Novorossiya' in the 'See also' section suggest?

The inclusion of 'Novorossiya' in the 'See also' section suggests a historical or geographical connection. Novorossiya is a historical term referring to regions in southern Ukraine and southwestern Russia, and its inclusion implies that the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's territory overlapped with or was part of this broader historical region.

What does the reference to 'Federal States of New Russia' in the 'See also' section imply?

The reference to 'Federal States of New Russia' in the 'See also' section likely points to a later political entity or concept that shares historical or geographical ties with the region. This term has been used in various contexts, sometimes referring to historical Russian imperial territories or more recently in relation to separatist movements.

What is the significance of the inclusion of 'Russians in Ukraine' in the 'See also' section?

The inclusion of 'Russians in Ukraine' in the 'See also' section highlights the demographic context of the region. It suggests that the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's territory was historically and currently inhabited by a significant Russian-speaking population, which is relevant to the political and national identity discussions of the era.

What does the reference to 'Sloboda Ukraine' in the 'See also' section indicate?

Sloboda Ukraine was a historical region in northeastern Ukraine. Its inclusion in the 'See also' section suggests a geographical and historical link to the territory claimed or controlled by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, as Sloboda Ukraine encompassed areas like Kharkiv.

What was the 'People's Secretariat' mentioned in relation to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The 'People's Secretariat' was likely a governing body within one of the Soviet republics in Ukraine during that period. The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's government challenged its authority, indicating a complex and fragmented political landscape among the various Soviet entities.

What does the 'Authority control' section, specifically the Czech Republic reference, suggest?

The 'Authority control' section provides links to library and database catalogs for further research. The reference to the Czech Republic likely indicates that the National Library of the Czech Republic has cataloged materials related to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, possibly under a specific transliteration or historical classification.

What does the 'Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine' reference in the 'Authority control' section provide?

The reference to the 'Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine' provides a link to an external resource dedicated to Ukrainian history and culture. This suggests that the encyclopedia contains further information or scholarly articles about the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.

What is the geographical coordinate information provided at the end of the article?

The geographical coordinates provided at the end of the article are approximately 49.9000° N latitude and 36.3000° E longitude. These coordinates likely represent a central point within the territory historically associated with the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.

What does the inclusion of the 'War in Donbas' navbox signify?

The inclusion of the 'War in Donbas' navbox signifies a connection between the historical Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and the modern conflict that began in 2014. It highlights how the historical entity has been invoked or referenced by contemporary separatist movements in the Donbas region.

What does the navbox 'Communism in Ukraine' suggest about the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The 'Communism in Ukraine' navbox places the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic within the broader context of communist movements and states in Ukraine. It indicates that the republic was one of several Soviet-style entities that emerged during the revolutionary period, often with overlapping claims and political affiliations.

What does the navbox 'Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution (1917–1921)' suggest about the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

This navbox places the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic within the tumultuous period of Ukraine's struggle for statehood following the Russian Revolution. It lists various national and Soviet states that existed during this time, contextualizing the republic as one of several competing political entities vying for control and recognition.

What was the primary reason for the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's short lifespan and eventual dissolution?

The primary reasons for the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic's short lifespan and dissolution were its lack of international recognition, its challenge to the borders established by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and its eventual absorption into the broader Soviet structure of Ukraine. The complex political situation and competing claims of authority contributed to its inability to establish lasting statehood.

What was the nature of the government crisis that led to the relocation of the Sovnarkom?

The government crisis involved the resignation of key commissars, namely Zhakov and Filov, on March 29, 1918. This event destabilized the leadership and prompted the relocation of the Sovnarkom from Kharkiv to Luhansk, indicating internal political difficulties within the republic.

What does the term 'self-declared republic' imply about the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The term 'self-declared republic' implies that the entity proclaimed its own sovereignty and governmental structure without external validation or recognition from established international bodies or neighboring states. It was an assertion of independence or autonomy based on internal political movements.

What was the significance of the Kharkov Governorate in relation to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic?

The Kharkov Governorate was one of the administrative regions claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. Kharkiv also served as the initial capital of the republic, highlighting the governorate's importance both territorially and administratively.

What was the significance of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate for the republic?

The Yekaterinoslav Governorate was another key administrative region claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. This area was known for its industrial and mining resources, which were crucial economic assets during that period.

What does the reference to 'Romanization' in the article indicate?

The references to 'Romanization' indicate the transliteration of the republic's name from its original Cyrillic script (Russian and Ukrainian) into the Latin alphabet. This is done to make the names accessible to readers who may not be familiar with Cyrillic alphabets.

What does the inclusion of 'Crimean Khanate' in the 'See also' section suggest?

The inclusion of the Crimean Khanate in the 'See also' section suggests a historical context for the region that the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic occupied or claimed. The Crimean Khanate was a historical state that controlled territories adjacent to or overlapping with parts of modern-day southern Ukraine, indicating a long history of different political entities in the area.

Donetsk U2013krivoy Rog Soviet Republic Wiki: The Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic: A Historical Examination of a Contested Entity

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Overview

A Self-Declared Entity

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a self-declared Soviet republic proclaimed on February 12, 1918. It emerged during the tumultuous period following the Russian Revolution and the collapse of the Russian Empire.

Unrecognized Status

This entity was never formally recognized internationally, nor by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Its existence was brief and contested within the broader political landscape of the time.

A Fleeting Existence

The republic's operational period was extremely short. It was officially disbanded at the second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on March 20, 1918, and subsequently incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Republic.

Territorial Claims

Claimed Regions

The republic asserted claims over territories that included the governorates of Kharkiv, Yekaterinoslav, and parts of the Kherson Governorate. This region was strategically significant due to its industrial and resource base.

Geographic Position

Positioned geographically south of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), its claims created immediate friction with the nascent Ukrainian national government, further complicating the already fragmented political map.

Cartographic Representation

Historical maps from March 1918 depict the claimed territory, illustrating the extent of the republic's aspirations. This visual representation highlights the geographical scope of its asserted sovereignty.

Governance and Structure

Soviet Socialist Republic

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was established as a Soviet socialist republic, aligning with the Bolshevik ideology and organizational structure emerging in Russia and Ukraine.

Leadership and Administration

The primary governing body was the Sovnarkom (Council of People's Commissars). Fyodor Sergeyev, known as "Artyom," served as its Chairman. The government included various People's Commissariats responsible for different sectors.

The government structure included key figures and their respective commissariats:

Position	Name
Chairman of the Sovnarkom	Fyodor Sergeyev ("Artyom")
Deputy Chairman	Yu. Lutovinov ("Ivan")
People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs	I. Yakimovich
People's Commissariat for Finance	Valeriy Mezhlauk
People's Commissariat for Labour	B. Magidov
People's Commissariat for Enlightenment	Ya. Istomin
People's Commissariat for Justice	A. Chervyakov
People's Commissariat for Provision	I. Alekseyev ("Koom")
People's Commissariat for Military Affairs	Moisei Rukhimovich
People's Commissariat for State Control	A. Kamensky
People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs	Innokentiy Kozhevnikov
People's Commissariat for Public Property	A. Povzryov
Director of Sovnarkom Affairs	A. Povzner

Shifting Capitals

The republic's administrative center experienced shifts. Initially headquartered in Kharkiv, the capital was later relocated to Luhansk following the retreat of Red Guard forces, reflecting the fluid military and political situation.

Historical Context

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The republic's formation occurred shortly after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918. This treaty saw Soviet Russia withdraw from World War I, ceding territories and acknowledging the determination of future status by their populations, creating a complex legal and political environment.

Challenging Authority

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic directly challenged the authority of both the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) and its Soviet-aligned counterpart, the People's Secretariat. This created a multi-polar conflict over governance in the region.

Bolshevik Perspectives

Significantly, key Bolshevik leaders like Vladimir Lenin and Yakov Sverdlov did not endorse the creation of this separate republic. However, other Bolshevik figures expressed support, indicating internal debate and differing strategic priorities within the party.

Dissolution and Legacy

Formal Abolition

The republic's existence concluded at the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on March 20, 1918. Its dissolution was formalized in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, marking the end of its brief period as a distinct political entity.

Lack of Recognition

Throughout its existence and after its dissolution, the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic failed to secure recognition from any significant international powers or even from the central Soviet government in Moscow. This underscored its marginal political standing.

Historical Resonance

The concept of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was later invoked in the context of the 2014 conflict in Donbas. The legislature of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic declared itself a successor state in 2015, highlighting the enduring, albeit contested, historical narrative associated with the region.

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References

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The Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 🚩

🏛️ A Self-Declared Entity

⚖️ Unrecognized Status

⏳ A Fleeting Existence

Territorial Claims 🗺️

📍 Claimed Regions

🌍 Geographic Position

🗺️ Cartographic Representation

Governance and Structure 🏛️

☭ Soviet Socialist Republic

👑 Leadership and Administration

🔄 Shifting Capitals

Historical Context 📜

🕊️ Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

⚔️ Challenging Authority

🤔 Bolshevik Perspectives

Dissolution and Legacy ⏳

🔚 Formal Abolition

🚫 Lack of Recognition

🗣️ Historical Resonance

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

A Self-Declared Entity

Unrecognized Status

A Fleeting Existence

Territorial Claims

Claimed Regions

Geographic Position

Cartographic Representation

Governance and Structure

Soviet Socialist Republic

Leadership and Administration

Shifting Capitals

Historical Context

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Challenging Authority

Bolshevik Perspectives

Dissolution and Legacy

Formal Abolition

Lack of Recognition

Historical Resonance

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice