What were the nicknames given to Edward Johnson, and what might have contributed to one of them?

Edward Johnson was known by the nicknames "Allegheny" Johnson and "Old Clubby." The nickname "Allegheny" likely relates to his service in the Allegheny Mountain region, while "Old Clubby" stemmed from his habit of using a heavy hickory stick to move around and to encourage soldiers he felt were shirking battle.

Can you detail Edward Johnson's birth and death information, including his place of burial?

Edward Johnson was born on April 16, 1816, near Midlothian, Virginia. He died on February 2, 1873, at the age of 56 in Richmond, Virginia. His final resting place is Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia.

What were Edward Johnson's military affiliations throughout his career?

Edward Johnson began his military career in the United States Army, serving from 1838 to 1861. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he resigned his commission and joined the Confederate States of America, serving in the Confederate States Army from 1861 to 1865.

What were Edward Johnson's highest ranks achieved in both the U.S. Army and the Confederate Army?

In the United States Army, Edward Johnson reached the rank of Major. For the Confederate States Army, he was promoted to Major General.

What significant military engagements and conflicts marked Edward Johnson's service career?

Edward Johnson participated in several key conflicts, including the Seminole Wars, the Mexican-American War, the Utah War, and the American Civil War.

Describe Edward Johnson's early life and education, including his entry into military service.

Born near Midlothian, Virginia, Edward Johnson's family later moved to Kentucky. He attended the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1838 after a five-year course of study. He was then commissioned as a brevet second lieutenant in the 6th U.S. Infantry.

What were some of Edward Johnson's notable achievements and recognitions during his service in the Mexican-American War?

During the Mexican-American War, Johnson distinguished himself through his actions at battles such as Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec. For his bravery, he received two brevet promotions, to captain and major, and was awarded a ceremonial sword by the state of Virginia.

Where did Edward Johnson serve after the Mexican-American War and before the Civil War?

Following the Mexican-American War, Johnson was stationed on the Western frontier. His service included postings in the Dakota Territory, California, Kansas, and participation in the Utah Expedition.

What decision did Edward Johnson make at the onset of the Civil War, and what was his initial role in the Confederate Army?

At the beginning of the Civil War, Edward Johnson resigned his commission from the United States Army. He then joined the Confederate Army, receiving the rank of colonel and commanding the 12th Georgia Infantry starting on July 2, 1861.

When and where did Edward Johnson receive his promotion to brigadier general in the Confederate Army?

Edward Johnson was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the Confederate Army on December 13, 1861.

What was the context and outcome of the surprise attack on Johnson's forces at Allegheny Mountain?

While defending Allegheny Mountain, Johnson's forces were subjected to a surprise attack by Union troops commanded by General Robert Milroy. Although Johnson had been ordered to retreat to a better position, the attack occurred before he could move his troops.

How did Edward Johnson's Army of the Northwest contribute to Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign?

During the winter of 1861-1862, Johnson's Army of the Northwest cooperated with Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson in the early stages of Jackson's Valley Campaign. Johnson's primary role was to protect the upper Shenandoah Valley against potential Union invasions while Jackson conducted raids on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

What defensive structure did Johnson's forces build during the Valley Campaign, and what was its name?

Johnson's Army of the Northwest constructed a series of breastworks and trenches atop Shenandoah Mountain. This fortification was named Fort Edward Johnson.

Describe the circumstances surrounding Edward Johnson's severe wound during the Battle of McDowell.

During the Battle of McDowell, Edward Johnson sustained a severe wound when he was shot in the ankle. This injury required a considerable amount of time to heal.

How did the death of Stonewall Jackson lead to a significant promotion for Edward Johnson?

Following the Battle of Chancellorsville and the subsequent death of Stonewall Jackson, the Army of Northern Virginia was reorganized. Edward Johnson was promoted to major general and given command of the prestigious "Stonewall Division" within Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps, as Robert E. Lee was dissatisfied with the previous commander of that division.

What nickname did Johnson's men give him during the Gettysburg Campaign, and what was the reason behind it?

During the Gettysburg Campaign, Johnson's men nicknamed him "Old Clubby." This moniker arose because he still required a heavy hickory stick for mobility and used it to discipline soldiers he perceived as not performing their duty in battle.

What significant victory did Johnson's command achieve on the way to Gettysburg?

On the route north into Pennsylvania, Johnson's command was instrumental in defeating Union troops fortified in Winchester, Virginia. These Union forces were commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, who had previously been Johnson's adversary. This engagement is known as the Second Battle of Winchester.

What controversial decisions were made on the evening of July 1, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg involving Johnson and Ewell?

On the first evening of the Battle of Gettysburg, Johnson's division arrived at the battlefield. Despite the opportunity, Lt. Gen. Ewell did not order an immediate attack on Cemetery Hill, and Johnson, despite having a discretionary order, controversially declined to attack Culp's Hill that same evening.

What was Johnson's division's primary role on Culp's Hill during the Battle of Gettysburg?

Johnson's division was the main Confederate force tasked with attacking Culp's Hill on the second and third days of the Battle of Gettysburg. Despite repeated assaults on this heavily fortified position, the attacks ultimately failed to achieve lasting success and resulted in considerable casualties for Johnson's men.

In which campaign did Edward Johnson play a notable role in the autumn of 1863?

In the fall of 1863, Edward Johnson played a significant role during the Mine Run Campaign.

How did Edward Johnson perform during the early stages of the Overland Campaign in 1864?

During the Overland Campaign of 1864, Johnson fought effectively at the Battle of the Wilderness. His performance was strong enough that Robert E. Lee considered him as a potential replacement corps commander when Lt. Gen. James Longstreet was severely wounded.

Describe the circumstances of Edward Johnson's capture during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.

On May 12, 1864, during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Edward Johnson was captured at the "Bloody Angle" section of the Confederate defensive line known as the "Mule Shoe." He was captured along with Brig. Gen. George H. Steuart, and a significant portion of Johnson's division was also taken prisoner.

Where was Edward Johnson imprisoned after his capture at Spotsylvania Court House, and when was he exchanged?

Following his capture at Spotsylvania Court House, Johnson was imprisoned for several months on Morris Island, located off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina. He was eventually exchanged on August 3, 1864.

Where was Edward Johnson sent after his exchange, and what happened during the Franklin-Nashville Campaign?

After being exchanged, Johnson was sent west to join Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee. During the Franklin-Nashville Campaign, Johnson was captured for a second time at the Battle of Nashville on December 16, 1864.

What happened to Johnson after his second capture, and what accusation was made against him?

After his capture at the Battle of Nashville, Johnson spent months imprisoned on Johnson's Island in Lake Erie. At the conclusion of the war, he was transferred to the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C., where he faced accusations of complicity in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, though these charges were ultimately dropped.

When was Edward Johnson paroled, and what did he do after his release?

Edward Johnson was paroled on July 22, 1865. After his release and the end of the war, he returned to Virginia to work as a farmer.

What role did Edward Johnson play in Confederate veterans' affairs after the war?

After the Civil War, Edward Johnson was actively involved in Confederate veterans' organizations. Notably, he participated in early efforts to establish a monument dedicated to Robert E. Lee in Richmond.

What is the significance of the "No footnotes" template at the beginning of the article?

The "No footnotes" template indicates that the article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links but lacks specific inline citations to support its claims. This suggests that while sources exist, their direct connection to the text is unclear, and the article could be improved by adding more precise citations.

What does the "shortdescription" tag indicate about the article's content?

The "shortdescription" tag, which is "Confederate Army officer in the American Civil War," provides a brief, concise summary of the article's main subject.

What was the primary military branch Edward Johnson served in before the Civil War?

Before the Civil War, Edward Johnson served in the United States Army.

What was the name of the U.S. Army infantry regiment Edward Johnson was initially assigned to?

Edward Johnson was initially commissioned into the 6th U.S. Infantry regiment.

What was the name of the Confederate infantry regiment Edward Johnson commanded after resigning from the U.S. Army?

After resigning from the U.S. Army, Edward Johnson commanded the 12th Georgia Infantry regiment in the Confederate Army.

Who was Edward Johnson's "nemesis" in the Union Army, and why is this relationship significant?

Union General Robert H. Milroy is identified as Edward Johnson's "nemesis." Their encounters were significant, including Milroy's surprise attack on Johnson's forces at Allegheny Mountain and Milroy's command at Winchester, which Johnson's forces later defeated.

What was the name of the fortification built by Johnson's Army of the Northwest, and where was it located?

The fortification built by Johnson's Army of the Northwest was named Fort Edward Johnson, and it was located atop Shenandoah Mountain.

What was the name of the Union general who commanded the forces that attacked Johnson's position on Allegheny Mountain?

The Union general who commanded the forces that attacked Johnson's position on Allegheny Mountain was Robert Milroy.

How did a physical ailment from the Mexican-American War affect Edward Johnson's interactions later in life?

A wound received during the Mexican-American War caused an eye condition in Edward Johnson that made it wink uncontrollably. This involuntary action led many women to mistakenly believe he was flirting with them, contributing to his reputation as a ladies' man.

What was the strategic objective of Johnson's command during Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign?

Johnson's command was tasked with defending the higher elevations of the Shenandoah Valley against potential Union incursions, thereby protecting the region while Jackson conducted operations elsewhere.

What was the name of the Confederate corps that Edward Johnson commanded as a Major General?

As a Major General, Edward Johnson commanded the "Stonewall Division" within Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia.

What was the significance of Johnson's division's attack on Culp's Hill at Gettysburg?

Johnson's division's repeated assaults on Culp's Hill on the second and third days of the Battle of Gettysburg were significant due to the heavy casualties incurred against a strong defensive position, ultimately failing to achieve a decisive Confederate victory on that flank.

What specific section of the defensive line was Johnson captured during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House?

During the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Johnson was captured in the "Bloody Angle" section of the Confederate defensive line known as the "Mule Shoe."

What was the name of the prisoner of war camp where Johnson was held after the Battle of Nashville?

After being captured at the Battle of Nashville, Johnson was imprisoned on Johnson's Island, located in Lake Erie.

What was the nature of the accusation made against Edward Johnson after the war while he was imprisoned in Washington, D.C.?

After the war, while imprisoned in Washington, D.C., Edward Johnson was accused of being complicit in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. However, no evidence supported this accusation, and it was eventually dropped.

What was the "Army of the Northwest" in the context of the Civil War?

The "Army of the Northwest" was the name given to a brigade-sized Union force commanded by General Robert Milroy, which engaged Johnson's Confederate forces near Allegheny Mountain.

What was the primary reason cited for the criticism of Johnson and Ewell regarding the Battle of Gettysburg?

Johnson and Ewell are criticized by many historians for missed opportunities during the Battle of Gettysburg, particularly concerning the failure to decisively attack Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill on the evening of the first day, which could have potentially altered the battle's outcome.

What was the significance of the "Mule Shoe" defensive line during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House?

The "Mule Shoe" was a prominent Confederate defensive salient during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. The "Bloody Angle" section of this line was the site of intense fighting where Edward Johnson was captured.

What does the presence of "Authority control" databases at the end of the article signify?

The "Authority control" section lists identifiers from various international and national databases (like ISNI, VIAF, GND, Library of Congress) that uniquely identify Edward Johnson. This helps in cataloging and retrieving information about him across different library and archival systems, ensuring consistency and accuracy.

What role did Edward Johnson's physical condition play in his command during the Gettysburg Campaign?

Edward Johnson's physical condition, likely stemming from his earlier wound, meant he still required a heavy hickory stick for mobility. This stick also served as a disciplinary tool, contributing to his nickname "Old Clubby" among his men.

What was Edward Johnson's rank in the U.S. Army during the Mexican-American War?

During the Mexican-American War, Edward Johnson received two brevet promotions, reaching the rank of captain and then major.

What was the name of the Confederate corps that Edward Johnson joined after reorganizing following Stonewall Jackson's death?

After Stonewall Jackson's death and the subsequent reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia, Edward Johnson was promoted to Major General and given command of the "Stonewall Division" within Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps.

What specific Union general commanded the forces at Winchester that Johnson's command helped defeat on the way to Gettysburg?

The Union general commanding the forces at Winchester that Johnson's command helped defeat was Maj. Gen. Robert H. Milroy, who was described as Johnson's old nemesis.

Edward Johnson General Wiki: The Crucible of Command: Edward Johnson's Civil War Journey

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Early Life & Pre-War Service

Origins and Education

Born on April 16, 1816, near Midlothian, Virginia, Edward Johnson's family later relocated to Kentucky. He pursued military education at the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1838. Commissioned as a brevet second lieutenant in the 6th U.S. Infantry, he rapidly advanced to first lieutenant within a year.

Frontier and Combat Experience

Johnson's early career included service in the Seminole Wars in Florida and extensive duty on the Western frontier. His combat experience was further honed during the Mexican-American War, where he distinguished himself in engagements such as Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec. His performance earned him two brevet promotions to captain and major, along with a ceremonial sword from the state of Virginia.

Diverse Assignments

Following the Mexican-American War, Johnson continued his service across various regions of the United States. His assignments included postings in the Dakota Territory, California, Kansas, and participation in the Utah Expedition, providing him with a broad understanding of military operations in diverse environments.

Civil War Entry & Early Commands

Transition to Confederate Service

Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, Johnson resigned his commission in the United States Army. He promptly received the rank of colonel and assumed command of the 12th Georgia Infantry on July 2, 1861. This marked his commitment to the Confederate cause.

Western Virginia Campaign

Johnson's initial command saw action in General Robert E. Lee's first campaign in western Virginia, notably participating in the Battle of Greenbrier River. His performance led to a promotion to brigadier general on December 13, 1861.

Defense of Allegheny Mountain

Tasked with defending Allegheny Mountain, Johnson's forces were strategically positioned to control key routes. However, his command faced a surprise attack from Union forces under Major General Robert Milroy, an encounter that would foreshadow future confrontations. This brigade-sized force was grandiosely named the "Army of the Northwest."

Valley Campaign & Personalities

Cooperation with Jackson

During the winter of 1861-1862, Johnson's Army of the Northwest collaborated with Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson in the initial phases of Jackson's renowned Valley Campaign. Johnson's role was crucial in defending the upper Shenandoah Valley near Staunton against potential Union incursions.

Fort Edward Johnson

Johnson's forces constructed a formidable defensive position atop Shenandoah Mountain, naming it Fort Edward Johnson. This strategic stronghold was designed to repel Union advances into the vital Shenandoah Valley region.

Battle of McDowell and Recovery

At the Battle of McDowell, Johnson sustained a severe bullet wound to his ankle, necessitating a lengthy recovery period. He spent nearly a year recuperating in Richmond, where his personal life and reputation as a ladies' man, partly due to an uncontrollable eye wink, garnered attention, even being noted in Mary Chesnut's diary.

Command of the Stonewall Division

Promotion and New Command

Following the reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia after Stonewall Jackson's death at Chancellorsville, Johnson was promoted to Major General. He was entrusted with the command of the prestigious "Stonewall Division" within Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps, a testament to his perceived capabilities by General Robert E. Lee.

"Old Clubby"

Johnson, still requiring a heavy hickory stick for mobility due to his lingering injuries, earned the nickname "Old Clubby" from his men. He was known to use this stick assertively against soldiers he deemed to be shirking their duties, reflecting a stern disciplinary approach.

The Gettysburg Campaign

Advance into Pennsylvania

By May 1863, Johnson had recovered sufficiently to lead his division northward as part of the Gettysburg Campaign. His corps, under Ewell, achieved a significant victory against Union forces commanded by his old adversary, Major General Robert Milroy, at the Second Battle of Winchester.

Controversial Decisions

Johnson arrived at Gettysburg on the evening of July 1, 1863. The subsequent decision by Ewell not to immediately assault Cemetery Hill, despite Johnson's division being available, remains a subject of historical debate. Johnson himself controversially declined to attack Culp's Hill that evening, acting on a discretionary order.

Assaults on Culp's Hill

Johnson's division became the primary Confederate force engaged in assaults on Culp's Hill during the second and third days of the battle. Despite repeated and costly attacks against the well-fortified Union positions, these efforts ultimately failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough.

Mine Run Campaign

In the autumn of 1863, Johnson continued to play a notable role in the Mine Run Campaign, demonstrating his continued presence and involvement in the Army of Northern Virginia's operations.

Later War Service & Capture

Overland Campaign

During the intense Overland Campaign of 1864, Johnson fought commendably at the Battle of the Wilderness. Following Lieutenant General James Longstreet's severe wounding, General Lee reportedly considered Johnson as a potential replacement corps commander.

Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

On May 12, 1864, during the fierce fighting at the "Bloody Angle" section of the Confederate defensive line at Spotsylvania Court House, Johnson was captured along with Brigadier General George H. Steuart. The majority of Johnson's division was also taken prisoner in this engagement.

Imprisonment and Exchange

Johnson endured months of imprisonment on Morris Island, off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina. He was eventually exchanged on August 3, 1864, and subsequently reassigned to the Western Theater.

Army of Tennessee and Final Capture

Johnson joined Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee, commanding a division within Lieutenant General Stephen D. Lee's corps. His military career concluded with his second capture during the Battle of Nashville on December 16, 1864.

Post-War Accusations

After his final capture, Johnson spent several months imprisoned on Johnson's Island in Lake Erie. He was later transferred to the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C., where he faced unfounded accusations of complicity in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. No charges were filed, and he was paroled on July 22, 1865.

Postbellum Life and Legacy

Return to Virginia

Following the conclusion of the war, Edward Johnson returned to Virginia, where he engaged in farming. He remained connected to his military past through active participation in Confederate veterans' affairs, including efforts to erect a monument to Robert E. Lee in Richmond.

Final Resting Place

General Johnson died in Richmond, Virginia, on March 2, 1873. His body lay in state at the Virginia State Capitol before being interred in the historic Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, a final resting place for many prominent figures of the Confederacy.

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References

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Edward Johnson: The Allegheny General

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Early Life & Pre-War Service 🏛️

👶 Origins and Education

🎖️ Frontier and Combat Experience

🗺️ Diverse Assignments

Civil War Entry & Early Commands 🛡️

📜 Transition to Confederate Service

⛰️ Western Virginia Campaign

💥 Defense of Allegheny Mountain

Valley Campaign & Personalities 🌲

🤝 Cooperation with Jackson

🏗️ Fort Edward Johnson

🤕 Battle of McDowell and Recovery

Command of the Stonewall Division ⭐

⬆️ Promotion and New Command

🚶 "Old Clubby"

The Gettysburg Campaign 🎯

⚔️ Advance into Pennsylvania

🤔 Controversial Decisions

💥 Assaults on Culp's Hill

🔄 Mine Run Campaign

Later War Service & Capture ⛓️

⚔️ Overland Campaign

📍 Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

🚢 Imprisonment and Exchange

🔄 Army of Tennessee and Final Capture

⚖️ Post-War Accusations

Postbellum Life and Legacy 🕊️

🏡 Return to Virginia

⚰️ Final Resting Place

Related Topics 🔗

🌐 Portals

👥 Key Figures

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Early Life & Pre-War Service

Origins and Education

Frontier and Combat Experience

Diverse Assignments

Civil War Entry & Early Commands

Transition to Confederate Service

Western Virginia Campaign

Defense of Allegheny Mountain

Valley Campaign & Personalities

Cooperation with Jackson

Fort Edward Johnson

Battle of McDowell and Recovery

Command of the Stonewall Division

Promotion and New Command

"Old Clubby"

The Gettysburg Campaign

Advance into Pennsylvania

Controversial Decisions

Assaults on Culp's Hill

Mine Run Campaign

Later War Service & Capture

Overland Campaign

Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

Imprisonment and Exchange

Army of Tennessee and Final Capture

Post-War Accusations

Postbellum Life and Legacy

Return to Virginia

Final Resting Place

Related Topics

Portals

Key Figures

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice