What is AMD's Epyc processor brand primarily designed for?

AMD's Epyc processor brand is specifically targeted for the server and embedded system markets. These processors are built upon AMD's Zen microarchitecture and are engineered for high-performance computing environments.

When were the first Epyc processors launched, and what was their codename?

The first Epyc processors were launched on June 20, 2017. They were codenamed 'Naples' and represented AMD's re-entry into the server market with a platform based on the Zen microarchitecture.

What are some key enterprise-grade features that Epyc processors possess compared to desktop counterparts?

Epyc processors share the same core microarchitecture as AMD's desktop CPUs but include enterprise-grade features such as higher core counts, more PCI Express lanes, support for larger amounts of RAM, ECC memory support, and larger CPU caches. They also utilize AMD's Infinity Fabric for multi-chip and dual-socket configurations.

How did the core count evolve from the first generation Epyc (Naples) to the second generation (Rome)?

The first generation Epyc processors, codenamed Naples (7001 series), offered up to 32 cores per socket. The second generation, codenamed Rome and based on the Zen 2 microarchitecture, launched in August 2019 and doubled the core count per socket to 64.

What microarchitecture did the third generation Epyc processors, the 7003 series, utilize?

The third generation Epyc processors, the 7003 series, are based on the Zen 3 microarchitecture. Launched in March 2021, they offered significantly higher per-core performance compared to the previous Zen 2 architecture.

What innovation did the Milan-X refresh of the Epyc 7003 series introduce?

The Milan-X refresh, launched on March 21, 2022, introduced 3D V-Cache technology. This stacked an additional 512 MB of cache onto the compute dies, bringing the total L3 cache per CPU to 768 MB.

What supercomputer utilized Epyc CPUs and became operational in May 2022?

The supercomputer 'Frontier', built by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in partnership with AMD and HPE Cray, became operational in May 2022. It utilized 9,472 Epyc 7453 CPUs and became the most powerful supercomputer in the world according to the TOP500 list.

What were the key features of the Epyc 'Genoa' processors announced in November 2021?

Codenamed Genoa, these CPUs are based on the Zen 4 microarchitecture and built on TSMC's N5 node. They support up to 96 cores and 192 threads per socket, 12 channels of DDR5 memory, and 128 PCIe 5.0 lanes. Genoa was also the first x86 server CPU to support Compute Express Link (CXL) 1.1.

What is the purpose of the Zen 4c microarchitecture, as seen in the 'Bergamo' Epyc processors?

The Zen 4c microarchitecture, used in Bergamo processors, is a modified version of Zen 4 optimized for higher core counts and power efficiency, targeting cloud computing workloads. It achieves this by reducing L3 cache per CCX and lowering core frequency, rather than removing instructions.

What is the 'Siena' codename for, and what socket does it use?

The 'Siena' codename refers to AMD's low power and embedded 8004 series of CPUs, launched in September 2023. Siena utilizes the new SP6 socket, which has a smaller footprint than the SP5 socket used by Genoa processors.

What microarchitecture and socket are associated with the 'Turin' Epyc processors launched in October 2024?

The 'Turin' Epyc processors, launched on October 10, 2024, utilize the Zen 5 and Zen 5c microarchitectures. They are compatible with the SP5 socket, the same one used by Genoa and Bergamo processors.

What is the typical manufacturing process node range for Epyc processors?

Epyc processors have utilized a range of technology nodes, from 14 nm for early models to 7 nm for subsequent generations, and are moving towards 5 nm and 3 nm processes for newer architectures like Zen 4 and Zen 5.

How does the multi-chip module (MCM) design of Epyc processors contribute to yield?

Epyc CPUs employ an MCM design, which uses multiple smaller chiplets instead of a single large monolithic die. This approach helps improve manufacturing yields, as smaller chiplets are less prone to defects than a large, complex single die.

What is the role of Infinity Fabric in dual-socket Epyc configurations?

In dual-socket Epyc systems, Infinity Fabric is used to interconnect the two CPUs. It utilizes PCIe lanes from each processor to provide a high-bandwidth, low-latency connection between them, ensuring efficient communication.

What does it mean for Epyc processors to be 'chipset-free'?

Being 'chipset-free' means that Epyc processors integrate most essential server functionalities, such as memory controllers and PCI Express connectivity, directly onto the CPU package. This eliminates the need for a separate chipset on the motherboard, simplifying design and potentially reducing costs and power consumption.

How did initial reception of Epyc processors compare to Intel's Xeon in 2017?

Initial reception to Epyc was generally positive. They were found to outperform Intel Xeon CPUs in high-performance computing and big-data applications where cores could work independently, though they initially lagged in database tasks due to higher cache latency.

What was the core count and microarchitecture of the first generation Epyc processors, codenamed Naples?

The first generation Epyc processors, codenamed Naples (7001 series), featured the Zen microarchitecture and offered up to 32 cores per socket. They were manufactured using a 14 nm process.

What were the key specifications of the EPYC 7002 series processors, codenamed Rome?

The EPYC 7002 series, codenamed Rome, utilized the Zen 2 microarchitecture and was manufactured on a 7 nm process. These processors doubled the core count to up to 64 cores per socket, supported 128 PCIe 4.0 lanes, and featured 8-channel DDR4-3200 memory support.

What is the significance of the 'P' suffix in Epyc model numbers, such as the 7351P?

The 'P' suffix in Epyc model numbers, like the 7351P, indicates that the processor is limited to uniprocessor (single-socket) operation. Standard models without the 'P' suffix typically support dual-socket configurations.

What was the maximum L3 cache capacity for the Milan-X Epyc processors?

The Milan-X Epyc processors, featuring 3D V-Cache technology, increased the maximum L3 cache per socket capacity to 768 MB, a significant jump from the 256 MB found in standard Milan CPUs.

What are the core counts and memory support for the Epyc 'Genoa' processors?

Epyc 'Genoa' processors, based on the Zen 4 microarchitecture, support between 16 and 96 cores per socket. They also feature 12 channels of DDR5 memory support, offering higher memory bandwidth.

What is the primary difference between 'Turin' and 'Turin Dense' Epyc processors?

Both 'Turin' and 'Turin Dense' are codenames for the fifth generation Epyc processors. 'Turin' is based on the Zen 5 microarchitecture and supports up to 128 cores, while 'Turin Dense' is based on the Zen 5c microarchitecture and supports up to 192 cores, optimized for higher density and efficiency.

What was the manufacturing process for the 'Naples' Epyc CPUs?

The 'Naples' Epyc CPUs, the first generation, were manufactured using a 14 nm process node.

How many PCIe lanes did the second and third generation Epyc processors (Rome and Milan) offer?

The second generation Epyc processors ('Rome') and the third generation ('Milan') both offered 128 PCIe 4.0 lanes per socket.

What is the purpose of the 'F' suffix in Epyc processor models, such as the 7F32?

The 'F' suffix in Epyc processor models typically denotes higher clock frequencies, often with a higher Thermal Design Power (TDP), making them suitable for workloads that benefit from faster clock speeds, such as certain commercial HPC applications.

What is the 'X' suffix in Epyc processor models, like Milan-X or Genoa-X, indicative of?

The 'X' suffix in Epyc processor models signifies the inclusion of AMD's 3D V-Cache technology. This technology significantly increases the L3 cache capacity, providing performance benefits for specific workloads like technical computing and certain HPC applications.

What is the typical core configuration within an Epyc 'chiplet' (CCD)?

Each Core Complex Die (CCD) in an Epyc processor typically contains two Core Complexes (CCXs), with each CCX housing four cores. Therefore, a single CCD usually contains 8 cores.

What was the initial release price of the EPYC 7001 series 32-core model?

The EPYC 7001 series 32-core model, the 7501, had a release price of $3400.

What is the maximum number of cores and threads supported per socket by the 'Bergamo' Epyc processors?

The 'Bergamo' Epyc processors, based on the Zen 4c microarchitecture, support up to 128 cores and 256 threads per socket.

What is the purpose of the 'S' suffix in some Epyc 9754S models?

The 'S' suffix in Epyc 9754S models indicates a specific configuration, likely optimized for certain cloud-native workloads or featuring specific power/frequency characteristics tailored for those environments.

What is the maximum number of cores and threads supported by the 'Turin Dense' Epyc processors?

The 'Turin Dense' Epyc processors, based on the Zen 5c microarchitecture, support up to 192 cores and 384 threads per socket.

What is the maximum number of cores and threads supported by the 'Turin' Epyc processors (Zen 5)?

The 'Turin' Epyc processors, based on the Zen 5 microarchitecture, support up to 128 cores and 256 threads per socket.

What is the typical L3 cache size per CCX for Epyc processors based on the Zen microarchitecture?

For Epyc processors based on the Zen microarchitecture, the L3 cache size per Core Complex (CCX) is typically 4 MB or 8 MB, depending on the specific generation and model.

What is the role of the I/O die (IOD) in Epyc's multi-chip module design?

The I/O die (IOD) in Epyc's MCM design handles input/output functions, including memory controllers, PCIe controllers, and Infinity Fabric interfaces. It is typically manufactured on a different, often larger, process node than the compute dies (CCDs).

What memory technology do the 'Genoa' and 'Turin' Epyc processors support?

Both the 'Genoa' (Zen 4) and 'Turin' (Zen 5) Epyc processor families support DDR5 memory, with Genoa supporting up to 12 channels and Turin also supporting 12 channels of DDR5.

What is the significance of the 'Grado' codename for Epyc processors?

'Grado' is the codename for the Epyc 4005 series processors, announced for May 2025. These processors are based on the Zen 5 microarchitecture and are compatible with the AM5 socket, similar to desktop Ryzen CPUs.

What are the common features of the EPYC Embedded 3000 series processors?

The EPYC Embedded 3000 series processors, based on the Zen microarchitecture, typically feature SP4 or SP4r2 sockets, support dual-channel or quad-channel DDR4-2666 ECC memory, have 32 PCIe 3.0 lanes per CCD, and are manufactured on a 14 nm process.

How do later embedded Epyc models (post-Zen 2) differ in naming from earlier ones?

Starting with Zen 2, AMD unified the naming for its embedded Epyc processors to share the same names as their socket-equivalent server counterparts, such as the EPYC Embedded 7002, 7003, 8004, 9004, and 9005 series.

What is the Hygon Dhyana processor, and how does it relate to AMD Epyc?

The Hygon Dhyana is a processor created for the Chinese server market by Hygon Information Technology. It is noted to be a variant of the AMD Epyc, sharing a very similar design and often described as a rebranded Zen CPU for China, with some modifications potentially related to export restrictions.

What specific instruction set extensions are supported by Epyc processors, as listed in the general information?

Epyc processors support a wide range of instruction set extensions, including MMX(+), SSE1-SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, AVX-512 (with Zen 4 and later), FMA3, BMI1/BMI2, AES, CLMUL, RDRAND, SHA, SME, AMD-V, and AMD-Vi.

What was the maximum clock rate range for Epyc processors as of the provided text?

The maximum CPU clock rate for Epyc processors ranges from 2.7 GHz to 5.7 GHz, depending on the specific generation and model.

What is the typical TDP range for Epyc processors?

The Thermal Design Power (TDP) for Epyc processors varies significantly by model and generation, but generally ranges from around 65W for lower-power embedded or entry-level server parts up to 400W or more for high-performance server CPUs.

What is the significance of the SP5 socket introduced with Genoa processors?

The SP5 socket (LGA 6096) was introduced with Genoa processors, supporting the new Zen 4 microarchitecture, DDR5 memory, and PCIe 5.0 connectivity, representing a significant platform upgrade.

What is the purpose of the SP6 socket introduced with Siena processors?

The SP6 socket was introduced with the Siena processors (Zen 4c) for low-power and embedded applications. It features a smaller footprint and pin count compared to the SP5 socket, catering to edge and telco use cases.

How does the 'Zen 4c' core differ from the standard 'Zen 4' core in terms of cache and frequency?

The Zen 4c core, designed for higher density and efficiency, reduces the L3 cache per CCX from 32 MB to 16 MB and lowers the core frequency compared to standard Zen 4 cores. However, it retains the same instruction set.

What was the maximum number of cores per socket for the EPYC 7001 series (Naples)?

The EPYC 7001 series processors, codenamed Naples, offered up to 32 cores per socket.

What was the maximum number of cores per socket for the EPYC 7002 series (Rome)?

The EPYC 7002 series processors, codenamed Rome, doubled the core count to up to 64 cores per socket.

What was the maximum number of cores per socket for the EPYC 7003 series (Milan)?

The EPYC 7003 series processors, codenamed Milan, maintained the 64-core count per socket from the Rome generation but offered significantly higher per-core performance.

What is the maximum number of cores per socket for the EPYC 'Genoa' processors?

The EPYC 'Genoa' processors, based on the Zen 4 microarchitecture, support up to 96 cores per socket.

What is the maximum number of cores per socket for the EPYC 'Bergamo' processors?

The EPYC 'Bergamo' processors, based on the Zen 4c microarchitecture, support up to 128 cores per socket.

What is the maximum number of cores per socket for the EPYC 'Siena' processors?

The EPYC 'Siena' processors, based on the Zen 4c microarchitecture, support up to 64 cores per processor.

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Introduction to Epyc

Core Identity

AMD's Epyc brand represents a line of multi-core x86-64 microprocessors meticulously designed for the server and embedded system markets. Launched in June 2017, Epyc processors are built upon AMD's innovative Zen microarchitecture, delivering substantial performance and efficiency gains for demanding enterprise workloads.

Market Focus

Epyc CPUs are engineered with enterprise-grade features that distinguish them from desktop counterparts. These include higher core counts, expanded PCI Express lanes, support for larger memory capacities, ECC memory validation, and enhanced CPU cache configurations. They are optimized for high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, AI, and data analytics environments.

Interconnectivity

A key architectural element is the use of AMD's Infinity Fabric interconnect. This technology facilitates seamless communication between multiple chiplets within a single processor package and enables robust multi-socket system configurations, allowing for scalable performance and resource sharing.

Evolutionary Journey

Genesis and Early Generations

AMD re-entered the server market with the Epyc brand in June 2017, powered by the "Naples" microarchitecture (Zen). This initial offering provided up to 32 cores per socket, directly challenging Intel's Xeon Scalable processors. The subsequent "Rome" generation (Zen 2) launched in 2019, doubling the core count to 64 and significantly boosting per-core performance with a chiplet-based design.

Advancements and Specialization

The "Milan" series (Zen 3) arrived in March 2021, further refining per-core performance. A notable variant, Milan-X, introduced 3D V-Cache technology in 2022, dramatically increasing L3 cache capacity for specific workloads. The "Genoa" generation (Zen 4) marked a significant leap in 2022, introducing the SP5 socket, DDR5 memory support, PCIe 5.0, and up to 96 cores. This was complemented by "Bergamo" (Zen 4c) for cloud-native applications, offering up to 128 cores.

Modern Era and Future Horizons

AMD continued its innovation with "Siena" (Zen 4c) for lower-power and edge computing, utilizing the SP6 socket. The "Raphael" series brought Zen 4 to the AM5 socket for specific embedded applications. Most recently, the "Turin" family (Zen 5) launched in October 2024, pushing core counts to 192 (Zen 5c) and introducing advanced platform features. The "Grado" series (Zen 5) targets the AM5 socket for embedded use cases.

Architectural Innovations

Chiplet Design

Epyc processors predominantly employ a multi-chip module (MCM) design. This approach utilizes multiple smaller silicon dies (chiplets) interconnected on a single package. This strategy enhances manufacturing yields and allows for greater flexibility in combining different types of dies, such as compute dies (CCDs) and input/output dies (IODs).

Process Technology

AMD has progressively adopted advanced manufacturing processes for Epyc. Early generations utilized GlobalFoundries' 14nm process, while subsequent generations have leveraged TSMC's leading-edge nodes, including 7nm for Zen 2 and Zen 3, 5nm for Zen 4, and 3nm for Zen 5c, enabling higher transistor densities and improved power efficiency.

Infinity Fabric

The Infinity Fabric serves as the high-speed interconnect within the Epyc package. It connects the various chiplets (CCDs and IOD) and is crucial for inter-processor communication in dual-socket configurations, ensuring high bandwidth and low latency data exchange.

Key Processor Generations

Zen & Zen 2

Naples (1st Gen): Introduced the Zen microarchitecture, SP3 socket, DDR4 memory, and PCIe 3.0. Featured up to 32 cores.

Rome (2nd Gen): Based on Zen 2, it doubled core counts to 64, introduced PCIe 4.0, and utilized TSMC's 7nm process for compute dies. Enhanced memory bandwidth and cache.

Zen 3 & Zen 4

Milan (3rd Gen): Built on Zen 3, offering improved IPC and clock speeds. Milan-X variants introduced 3D V-Cache for significantly larger L3 cache.

Genoa (4th Gen): A major architectural shift with Zen 4 cores, SP5 socket, DDR5 memory, PCIe 5.0, and up to 96 cores. Focused on performance and efficiency.

Bergamo (4th Gen): Optimized Zen 4c cores for cloud-native workloads, achieving up to 128 cores per socket.

Zen 4c, Zen 5

Siena (4th Gen): Utilizes Zen 4c cores on the SP6 socket for lower power and edge applications, featuring up to 64 cores and reduced memory channels.

Turin (5th Gen): Based on Zen 5 and Zen 5c, it pushes core counts to 192 (Zen 5c) and introduces advanced platform features on SP5. Supports DDR5-6000.

Grado (5th Gen): Zen 5 cores on the AM5 socket for embedded systems, offering up to 16 cores.

Embedded Solutions

Early Embedded Series

The Epyc Embedded 3000 series, codenamed "Snowy Owl," launched in 2018, bringing Zen architecture to embedded applications. These featured up to 16 cores, ECC DDR4 support, and PCIe 3.0 lanes, often utilizing BGA sockets for integration.

Modern Embedded Integration

From Zen 2 onwards, AMD integrated embedded Epyc offerings more closely with their server counterparts. This includes the EPYC Embedded 7000 series (based on Rome and Milan), the EPYC Embedded 8000 series ("Siena" based on Zen 4c) using the SP6 socket, and the EPYC Embedded 4000 series ("Raphael" based on Zen 4) utilizing the AM5 socket.

Specialized Variants

Hygon Dhyana

For the Chinese market, AMD partnered with Higon Information Technology to create the Hygon Dhyana SoC. This processor is a derivative of the AMD Epyc architecture, sharing significant design similarities. However, it incorporates modifications, such as localized cryptography algorithms and potentially adjusted instruction sets, to comply with Chinese regulations and export restrictions.

3D V-Cache Models

AMD introduced 3D V-Cache technology on specific Epyc models (e.g., Milan-X, Genoa-X, Turin-X variants). This technology involves stacking additional cache dies on top of the compute dies, dramatically increasing the L3 cache capacity. This significantly boosts performance in cache-sensitive workloads like HPC simulations and EDA (Electronic Design Automation).

Technical Specifications Overview

Below is a comparative overview of key specifications across major Epyc server processor generations. Note that specific models within each generation offer varying configurations.

Server Processor Generations

AMD Epyc Server CPU Generations
Generation	Codename	Microarchitecture	Process Node	Max Cores	Socket	Memory Support	PCIe Support	Launch Year
Generation	Codename	Microarchitecture	Process Node	Max Cores	Socket	Memory Support	PCIe Support	Launch Year
1st	Naples	Zen	14nm	32	SP3	DDR4	PCIe 3.0	2017
2nd	Rome	Zen 2	7nm (Compute) / 14nm (I/O)	64	SP3	DDR4	PCIe 4.0	2019
3rd	Milan	Zen 3	7nm (Compute) / 14nm (I/O)	64	SP3	DDR4	PCIe 4.0	2021
3rd (X)	Milan-X	Zen 3 + 3D V-Cache	7nm (Compute) / 14nm (I/O)	64	SP3	DDR4	PCIe 4.0	2022
4th	Genoa	Zen 4	5nm (Compute) / 6nm (I/O)	96	SP5	DDR5	PCIe 5.0	2022
4th	Bergamo	Zen 4c	5nm (Compute) / 6nm (I/O)	128	SP5	DDR5	PCIe 5.0	2023
5th	Turin	Zen 5	4nm (Compute)	128	SP5	DDR5	PCIe 5.0	2024
5th	Turin Dense	Zen 5c	3nm (Compute)	192	SP5	DDR5	PCIe 5.0	2024

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References

Core Complexes (CCX) Ã cores per CCX

Epyc Embedded 7001 series models have identical specifications as the respective Epyc 7001 series.

Core Complexes (CCX) Ã cores per CCX

A full list of references for this article are available at the Epyc Wikipedia page

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Important Notice

This document has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for educational and informational purposes only. The content is derived from publicly available data, primarily Wikipedia, and while efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness, it may not be exhaustive or entirely up-to-date.

This is not professional technical advice. The information provided herein should not be considered a substitute for consulting official AMD documentation or seeking expert consultation for specific hardware or system design requirements. Always verify critical specifications with official sources.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided.

AMD Epyc: Architecting the Future of Server Computing

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction to Epyc 💡

⚙️ Core Identity

🏢 Market Focus

🔗 Interconnectivity

Evolutionary Journey 📈

📜 Genesis and Early Generations

🚀 Advancements and Specialization

🌐 Modern Era and Future Horizons

Architectural Innovations 🏗️

📦 Chiplet Design

⚡ Process Technology

🔗 Infinity Fabric

Key Processor Generations 📚

🌟 Zen & Zen 2

🌟 Zen 3 & Zen 4

🌟 Zen 4c, Zen 5

Embedded Solutions 🔌

💡 Early Embedded Series

🔄 Modern Embedded Integration

Specialized Variants 🎛️

🇨🇳 Hygon Dhyana

⚡ 3D V-Cache Models

Technical Specifications Overview 📊

🗄️ Server Processor Generations

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction to Epyc

Core Identity

Market Focus

Interconnectivity

Evolutionary Journey

Genesis and Early Generations

Advancements and Specialization

Modern Era and Future Horizons

Architectural Innovations

Chiplet Design

Process Technology

Infinity Fabric

Key Processor Generations

Zen & Zen 2

Zen 3 & Zen 4

Zen 4c, Zen 5

Embedded Solutions

Early Embedded Series

Modern Embedded Integration

Specialized Variants

Hygon Dhyana

3D V-Cache Models

Technical Specifications Overview

Server Processor Generations

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

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Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice