What is Erzincan and where is it located within Turkey?

Erzincan is a municipality and serves as the capital of Erzincan Province, which is situated in eastern Turkey. It is a significant administrative center in its region.

Which major cities are located near Erzincan?

Erzincan is surrounded by several cities, including Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun.

What is the primary ethnic and religious composition of Erzincan's population?

The population of Erzincan is predominantly composed of Turkish Sunni Muslims, with a notable minority of Kurdish Alevis also residing in the city.

How did Erzincan's population change between 2007 and 2022?

Erzincan experienced substantial population growth, increasing from 86,779 inhabitants in 2007 to 150,714 in 2022.

What was the ancient name of the region where Erzincan is located, and what historical treaty was signed there?

The ancient region corresponding to modern-day Erzincan was known as Acilisene. In AD 387, it was the location for the Peace of Acilisene, a treaty that divided Armenia into two vassal states, one under the Byzantine Empire and the other under Persia.

What were some of the historical names used for Erzincan in different languages?

Historically, the city was called Erez. For a period, it was known as Justinianopolis, named after Emperor Justinian. In more recent Greek, it was referred to as Keltzene and Kelezene, while in Armenian, it was called Yekeghiats in the 5th century and later Yerznka.

What was the religious significance of Erez (Erzincan) in pre-Christian Armenia?

In the settlement of Erez, there was a pre-Christian shrine dedicated to the Armenian goddess Anahit. This site became significant when King Trdat of Armenia visited it to offer sacrifice, and his command for Gregory the Illuminator to make an offering, which Gregory refused due to his secret Christian faith, led to Gregory's capture and torture, ultimately contributing to Trdat's conversion to Christianity.

What happened to the Anahit temple in Erez after Armenia adopted Christianity?

Following Armenia's conversion to Christianity, the temple dedicated to Anahit in Erez was destroyed. Its property and lands were subsequently given to Gregory the Illuminator, and the area later became renowned for its numerous monasteries.

Who were some of the notable bishops of Acilisene/Justinianopolis mentioned in historical records?

Early bishops of Acilisene/Justinianopolis include Ioannes in the mid-5th century, Georgius or Gregorius who attended the Second Council of Constantinople (553), and Theodorus who was present at the Third Council of Constantinople (681). Georgius also participated in the Photian Council of Constantinople (879).

Describe the evolution of Acilisene's ecclesiastical status from the 10th century onwards.

By the end of the 10th century, Acilisene was recognized as an autocephalous archdiocese, and in the 11th century, it achieved its peak as a metropolitan see overseeing 21 suffragan bishops. This period of prominence concluded with the Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, and after the 13th century, Acilisene ceased to be a residential bishopric, now being listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.

When and under whose rule was Erzincan incorporated into the Mengüçoğlu principality?

Erzincan was absorbed into the Mengüçoğlu principality in 1071, under the rule of the Seljuk Sulëiman Kutalmish.

What observations did Marco Polo make about Erzincan during his travels?

During his visit, Marco Polo noted that the inhabitants of Erzincan were Armenians and described the city as the 'noblest of cities,' also serving as the seat of an archbishop.

What significant events of destruction and recovery did Erzincan experience in the 13th century?

Erzincan was devastated in 1243 during conflicts between the Seljuks under Kaykhusraw II and the Mongols. Despite this, its population recovered sufficiently by 1254, only to suffer another major loss of over 10,000 people due to an earthquake. During this tumultuous period, the city attained a degree of semi-independence under Armenian princes.

What was Erzincan's role in the establishment of the Safavid dynasty?

Erzincan played a pivotal role in Safavid history, as it was the gathering point in the summer of 1500 for approximately 7,000 Qizilbash forces from various tribes who responded to Ismail I's invitation to help establish his dynasty.

How did Erzincan's population and urban structure change after its capture by Ottoman forces in 1514?

Following its capture by Ottoman forces in 1514, Erzincan underwent significant physical and demographic development. Censuses conducted between 1516 and 1591 consistently showed twenty neighborhoods, with seven belonging to Muslims and thirteen to Christians, and the overall population increased over this period.

What details did Evliya Çelebi provide about Erzincan during his visit in 1647?

Evliya Çelebi, visiting Erzincan in 1647, documented that the city's castle was built on a flat plain and contained 200 houses, while 1800 houses were situated outside its walls. He also noted the presence of 48 neighborhoods, seven mosques, seven lodges, and 11 hamams (public bathhouses).

What was the demographic composition of the Erzincan sanjak according to the 1881/82 General Census?

The 1881/82 General Census reported that the sanjak of Erzincan, part of the Erzurum vilayet, had a total population of 107,090, which included 85,943 Muslims, 19,026 Armenians, 1,887 Greeks, and 234 Protestants.

What population statistics did Vital Cuinet's 1893 research present for Erzincan?

Vital Cuinet's 1893 research indicated that the center of Erzincan had 23,000 inhabitants, consisting of 15,000 Muslims and 7,500 Armenians, with the remainder being Greeks and other groups. For the entire sanjak, he reported 171,472 Muslims, 34,588 Armenians (including Catholic and Protestant), and 2,710 Greeks.

What were the reported Armenian populations in Erzincan according to the 1914 Ottoman census, and what was a known limitation of this census?

The 1914 Ottoman census, which is acknowledged to have undercounted religious minority groups like Armenians, reported 16,144 Armenian Gregorians and 147 Protestants in the central kaza of Erzincan, and 11,135 Armenian Gregorians and 144 Protestants in Kemah.

How did the actual Armenian population in Erzincan before World War I compare to the 1914 Ottoman census figures, according to Miller and Kévorkian?

Research by Miller and Kévorkian suggests that the actual number of Armenians in the center of Erzincan prior to World War I was more than double the figures reported in the 1914 Ottoman census.

What was the fate of the Armenian population of Erzincan during the Armenian genocide?

The majority of the approximately 37,000 Armenians living in Erzincan and its surrounding areas before World War I were killed during the Armenian genocide.

Describe the process of deportation and extermination of Armenians through Erzincan between 1915 and 1916.

Between 1915 and 1916, at least 150,000 Armenian men, women, and children from Erzincan and neighboring regions were forcibly transported by Turkish forces through Erzincan. The city served as a hub for a series of transit camps designed to control the flow of victims towards the concentration camp and killing site located at the nearby Kemah gorge.

What disturbing medical practices were reported at the Central Hospital of Erzincan during World War I?

According to J.M. Winter's work, from 1915 to 1917, the Central Hospital of Erzincan was the primary location where Turkish army physicians conducted medical experiments on Armenian civilians, using typhus and other lethal infectious agents.

What is the current status of Armenian cultural heritage in Erzincan as of 2019?

As of 2019, very few traces of Armenian presence or civilization, such as churches and monasteries, remain in Erzincan.

When and during which conflict did the Battle of Erzincan take place?

The Battle of Erzincan occurred in 1916, as part of the Caucasus Campaign during the First World War.

Who were the commanding generals for the Turkish and Russian forces during the Battle of Erzincan?

During the Battle of Erzincan, the Turkish Third Army was under the command of Abdul Kerim Pasha, while the Russian Caucasus Army was led by General Nikolai Yudenich.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Erzincan for the Russian forces in July 1916?

The Russian Caucasus Army, led by General Nikolai Yudenich, successfully captured Mama Hatun on July 12, 1916, and subsequently advanced to take Erzincan by July 25. The city was captured relatively intact, and Yudenich's forces seized significant quantities of supplies, though they made no further major advances afterwards due to troop reductions.

What was the Erzincan Soviet, and who participated in its administration?

The Erzincan Soviet was a short-lived council that governed Erzincan between 1916 and 1918, during the Russian occupation. After the Russian Revolution, Bolshevik soldiers assumed control of the officer corps, and Arshak Djamalian, a Bolshevik soldier, invited Kurdish, Turkish, and Armenian representatives to manage the administration of the soviet.

When did Ottoman forces recapture Erzincan, and who was the commander responsible?

Ottoman forces, under the command of Kâzım Karabekir, the leader of the First Caucasian Army Corps, regained control of Erzincan on February 13, 1918. This recapture is commemorated annually by the city's residents.

Describe the chaotic conditions during the Armenian evacuation from Erzincan in February 1918.

During the evacuation of Erzincan in February 1918, Armenian soldiers experienced 'indescribable panic' as they retreated towards Erzurum. Both civilian and military personnel were attacked by Kurdish tribes amidst severe snowstorms, while Armenian fedayeen engaged in 'ferocious' rearguard actions to cover the withdrawal.

What benefits did the Ottoman army gain from the Armenian evacuation of Erzincan in 1918?

Following the Armenian evacuation, the Ottoman army, which was under-equipped and suffering from hunger, was able to acquire much-needed sustenance and weaponry from abandoned Russian arsenals and reserves in Erzincan.

What major natural disaster devastated Erzincan in 1939?

Erzincan was completely destroyed by a catastrophic earthquake on December 27, 1939.

What were the characteristics and impact of the 1939 Erzincan earthquake?

The 1939 Erzincan earthquake involved a series of seven powerful shocks, with the strongest measuring 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale, making it one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded in Turkey. The initial tremors caused approximately 8,000 deaths, a figure that rose to 20,000 the following day, and ultimately reached 32,962 due to subsequent earthquakes and floods.

What was the long-term consequence for Erzincan city after the 1939 earthquake?

Due to the extensive and complete destruction of Erzincan city by the 1939 earthquake, its original site was entirely abandoned, and a new town was subsequently established a short distance to the north.

How do the seasons in Erzincan generally manifest in terms of temperature and precipitation?

Erzincan's climate is characterized by cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers. Spring is typically the wettest season, while summer is the driest period of the year.

What are the extreme temperature records for Erzincan?

Erzincan's record low temperature was -31.2 °C (-24.2 °F), recorded on January 15, 1950, while the record high temperature reached 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on July 30, 2000.

What is the maximum snow thickness ever recorded in Erzincan?

The highest snow thickness ever recorded in Erzincan was 74 cm (29.1 inches), which occurred in February 1950.

What was a significant economic activity in Erzincan during the early 20th century?

In the early 20th century, mulberry tree plantations were prevalent in Erzincan and were used for sericulture, which is the practice of cultivating silkworms to produce silk.

Who is the current mayor of Erzincan, and which political party does he represent?

As of the 2019 Turkish local elections, Bekir Aksun is the mayor of Erzincan, representing the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).

Which political parties have held the position of mayor in Erzincan since 1977?

Since 1977, the mayoralty of Erzincan has been held by individuals representing the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), the Motherland Party (ANAP), the Nationalist Task Party (MÇP), and the AK Party.

What is the average annual precipitation in Erzincan, based on recent climate data?

Based on climate data from 1991 to 2020, Erzincan receives an average annual precipitation of 380.1 mm (14.96 inches).

Which month typically experiences the highest average precipitation in Erzincan?

According to climate data from 1991 to 2020, May typically has the highest average precipitation in Erzincan, with 57.2 mm (2.25 inches).

Which month typically experiences the lowest average precipitation in Erzincan?

Based on climate data from 1991 to 2020, August typically has the lowest average precipitation in Erzincan, with only 6.6 mm (0.26 inches).

What is the average number of days with precipitation annually in Erzincan?

Erzincan experiences an average of 104.2 days with precipitation annually, based on climate data from 1991 to 2020.

During which months does Erzincan typically have the most snowy days?

Based on data from 2000 to 2024, Erzincan typically experiences the most snowy days in January, with an average of 8.68 days, followed by February with 6.36 days.

What is the average annual relative humidity in Erzincan?

The average annual relative humidity in Erzincan is 59.2%, according to climate data from 1991 to 2020.

Which month in Erzincan typically records the highest average relative humidity?

December typically records the highest average relative humidity in Erzincan at 72.5%, closely followed by January at 72%, based on data from 1991 to 2020.

What is the total average annual sunshine duration in Erzincan?

Erzincan receives an average of 2,196.8 mean monthly sunshine hours annually, based on climate data from 1991 to 2020.

Which month in Erzincan typically has the most mean daily sunshine hours?

July typically has the most mean daily sunshine hours in Erzincan, averaging 9.5 hours per day, based on climate data from 1991 to 2020.

Erzincan Wiki: Erzincan: Echoes of Anatolia's Enduring Legacy

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City Overview

A Provincial Capital

Erzincan, historically known as Yerznka, serves as the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Its strategic location places it near significant regional cities such as Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city's name is pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan] in Turkish, and it is known as ''Erzîngan'' in Kurdish and ''Yerznka'' in Armenian.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Population Dynamics

The city of Erzincan has experienced notable population growth over recent decades. In 2007, its population was recorded at 86,779. By 2022, this figure had significantly increased to 150,714, reflecting its ongoing development and role as a regional center.^[5]

Cultural Composition

Erzincan is primarily inhabited by a Turkish Sunni majority, alongside a notable Kurdish Alevi minority. This demographic composition contributes to the rich cultural tapestry of the region, reflecting the diverse historical influences that have shaped Eastern Turkey.^[4]

Historical Trajectories

Ancient Roots: Acilisene

The ancient region now known as Erzincan was historically called Acilisene. This area was the pivotal site for the Peace of Acilisene in AD 387, an agreement that led to the division of Armenia into two vassal states: one aligned with the Byzantine Empire and a larger one with Persia.^[6]^[7] The Greek geographer Strabo referred to it as ''Akilisēnē'' in his ''Geography''. While its etymological origin is debated, it is widely accepted that the city was once named Erez. For a period, it was also known as Justinianopolis, honoring Emperor Justinian. In more recent Greek, it was called ''Keltzene'' and ''Kelezene''.^[8]

The 5th-century Armenian text, ''Life of Mashtots'', referred to the region as ''Yekeghiats''. Prior to Christianization, a significant pre-Christian shrine dedicated to the Armenian goddess Anahit was located in Erez. Historical accounts, such as those by Agathangelos, describe King Trdat of Armenia's visit to Anahit's temple to offer sacrifice. Gregory the Illuminator's refusal to participate, due to his secret Christian faith, led to his capture and torture, ultimately culminating in Trdat's conversion to Christianity. Following this, the temple was destroyed, its lands given to Gregory, and the area later became renowned for its extensive monasteries.^[9]^[10]

Medieval Eras and Shifting Powers

Erzincan's medieval history is marked by a series of transitions and conflicts. In 1071, the city was incorporated into the Mengüçoğlu principality under the Seljuk Sulëiman Kutalmish, following the decisive Battle of Manzikert which significantly weakened Byzantine control.^[8] The renowned traveler Marco Polo, during his visit to Erzincan, described its inhabitants as predominantly Armenian and lauded Erzincan as the "noblest of cities," noting its status as an archbishop's see.^[13]>

The city faced significant destruction in 1243 during conflicts between the Seljuks under Kaykhusraw II and the invading Mongols. Despite this devastation, Erzincan demonstrated remarkable resilience, with its population recovering sufficiently by 1254, when another earthquake reportedly claimed over 10,000 lives. During this tumultuous period, the city achieved a degree of semi-independence under the governance of Armenian princes.^[14]>

Ottoman Rule and Modern Challenges

Erzincan became a pivotal location in Safavid history in 1500, serving as a gathering point for approximately 7,000 Qizilbash forces who supported Ismail I in establishing his dynasty.^[15] Following its capture by Ottoman forces in 1514, Erzincan experienced significant physical and demographic growth. Early Ottoman censuses (1516–1518, 1530, 1591) indicate a city with a mix of Muslim and Christian neighborhoods and a steadily increasing population.^[16] The 17th-century traveler Evliya Çelebi described a thriving city with numerous houses, mosques, lodges, and hamams.^[17]>

The Armenian Genocide

Historical records, including the 1914 Ottoman census (which undercounted minority groups), indicate a significant Armenian population in Erzincan. Research by Miller and Kévorkian suggests the actual Armenian population in the city center was more than double the census figures. Tragically, most of the estimated 37,000 Armenians in Erzincan and its suburbs were killed during the Armenian Genocide.^[20]^[21] Between 1915 and 1916, at least 150,000 Armenian men, women, and children from Erzincan and surrounding areas were transported through the city, where transit camps were established to control their flow to the concentration and killing site at the nearby Kemah gorge.^[25]^[26] Accounts also detail medical experiments conducted by Turkish army physicians on Armenian civilians involving typhus and other lethal infectious agents at the Central Hospital of Erzincan between 1915 and 1917.^[27] As of 2019, few traces of Armenian presence or civilization remain in Erzincan.^[28]^[29]^[30]>

World War I and Aftermath

During the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, Erzincan served as the headquarters for the Turkish Third Army. In July 1916, Russian forces under General Nikolai Yudenich captured the city, seizing substantial supplies. However, further Russian advances were limited.^[31] A brief Erzincan Soviet council was established between 1916 and 1918 under Russian occupation, with Bolshevik soldiers controlling the officer corps and inviting local representatives to administer the region.^{[32]>^[33] The city was later recaptured by Ottoman forces under Kâzım Karabekir on February 13, 1918, an event still celebrated annually. This seizure led to a chaotic evacuation of Armenian soldiers and civilians towards Erzurum, often under attack by Kurdish tribes amidst severe snowstorms.^{[35]>^{[36]>^{[37]>^{[38]>^{[40]>^[41]}}}}}}

The 1939 Erzincan Earthquake

On December 27, 1939, Erzincan was completely devastated by a major earthquake, one of the most powerful ever recorded in Turkey (measuring 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale, tied with the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake). The initial shocks killed approximately 8,000 people, with the death toll rising to 20,000 the following day, and ultimately reaching 32,962 due to subsequent tremors and floods. The destruction was so extensive that the original city site was abandoned, and a new town was established slightly to the north.

Demographic Shifts

Historical Population Overview

Erzincan's demographic landscape has undergone significant transformations throughout its history. In the 13th century, Marco Polo observed that the city's population was predominantly Armenian.^[13] By 1830, the Armenian population had grown to 15,000. An 1880 record indicates 6,000 houses, with 4,000 belonging to Muslims and 1,800 to Armenians.^[42]

Late 19th to Early 20th Century

Vital Cuinet's research from the 1890s reported 23,000 inhabitants in the center of Erzincan, comprising 15,000 Muslims, 7,500 Armenians, and a smaller number of Greeks and other groups. For the entire sanjak, he noted 171,472 Muslims, 34,588 Armenians (including Catholic and Protestant), and 2,710 Greeks.^{[19]>^[42] On the eve of World War I, data from the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople indicated that out of 24,000 inhabitants, 13,109 (2021 families) were Armenians.^[43]>}

Post-WWI Changes

During the Armenian Genocide, Armenians were subjected to deportation and massacre by the Special Organization.^[42] Additionally, Greeks were deported from Erzincan to Germir in 1919 as part of the Greek Genocide.^[42] These events drastically altered the demographic composition of Erzincan, leading to a significant reduction in its historical minority populations.

Climate Profile

Humid Continental Climate

Erzincan experiences a humid continental climate, classified as ''Dsa'' under the Köppen climate classification or ''Dca'' under the Trewartha climate classification. This climate is characterized by cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers. Spring typically brings the wettest conditions, while summer is the driest season.^{[44]>^{[45]>^[46]}}

Lowest Recorded Temperature: −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) on 15 January 1950.
Highest Recorded Temperature: 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on 30 July 2000.
Highest Recorded Snow Thickness: 74 cm (29.1 inches) in February 1950.

Climate Data (1991–2020)

The following table provides detailed climate data for Erzincan, reflecting average conditions over a 30-year period, along with historical extremes.

Climate data for Erzincan (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2022)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.6 (58.3)	17.2 (63.0)	25.2 (77.4)	30.0 (86.0)	33.8 (92.8)	37.0 (98.6)	40.6 (105.1)	40.5 (104.9)	37.2 (99.0)	31.4 (88.5)	24.9 (76.8)	19.0 (66.2)	40.6 (105.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	2.8 (37.0)	4.8 (40.6)	10.9 (51.6)	17.3 (63.1)	22.7 (72.9)	27.9 (82.2)	32.4 (90.3)	33.0 (91.4)	28.1 (82.6)	20.7 (69.3)	12.0 (53.6)	5.1 (41.2)	18.1 (64.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−1.9 (28.6)	−0.3 (31.5)	5.3 (41.5)	11.0 (51.8)	15.7 (60.3)	20.5 (68.9)	24.3 (75.7)	24.5 (76.1)	19.6 (67.3)	13.2 (55.8)	5.7 (42.3)	0.5 (32.9)	11.5 (52.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−5.7 (21.7)	−4.3 (24.3)	0.5 (32.9)	5.5 (41.9)	9.5 (49.1)	13.4 (56.1)	16.7 (62.1)	16.8 (62.2)	12.0 (53.6)	7.0 (44.6)	0.9 (33.6)	−3.1 (26.4)	5.8 (42.4)
Record low °C (°F)	−31.2 (−24.2)	−30.2 (−22.4)	−22.4 (−8.3)	−11.1 (12.0)	−4.2 (24.4)	2.0 (35.6)	5.0 (41.0)	5.9 (42.6)	0.3 (32.5)	−6.8 (19.8)	−15.6 (3.9)	−25.9 (−14.6)	−31.2 (−24.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	26.3 (1.04)	29.7 (1.17)	45.5 (1.79)	54.2 (2.13)	57.2 (2.25)	25.2 (0.99)	14.1 (0.56)	6.6 (0.26)	17.5 (0.69)	41.9 (1.65)	36.2 (1.43)	25.7 (1.01)	380.1 (14.96)
Average precipitation days	8.77	9.17	11.63	13.67	14.77	8.83	3.67	2.93	4.53	8.87	8	9.37	104.2
Average snowy days	8.68	6.36	4.24	0.64	0	0	0	0	0	0.2	1.24	4.88	26.24
Average relative humidity (%)	72	68.9	61.5	57.1	57	50.8	46.3	46	49.2	62	67.8	72.5	59.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours	91.6	120.3	145.2	167.9	211.2	263.9	295.2	276.6	231.2	186.6	128.8	82.8	2,196.8
Mean daily sunshine hours	3.0	4.3	4.7	5.6	6.8	8.8	9.5	8.9	7.7	6.1	4.3	2.9	6.1
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service^[44]
Source 2: NOAA(humidity, sun 1991-2020), Meteomanz(snowy days 2000-2024)^[45]^[46]

Urban Districts

Neighborhoods of Erzincan

Erzincan is administratively divided into numerous neighborhoods, each contributing to the city's urban fabric and community life. These districts form the residential and commercial areas that make up modern Erzincan.^[3]

Akşemsettin
Aktoprak
Akyazı
Aslancak
Arslanlı
Atatürk
Aziz Baba
Bahçelievler
Barbaros
Barış
Başbağlar
Başpınar
Bayrak
Bozyazı
Buğdaylı
Bulutlu
Büyük Çakırman
Cemal Gürsel
Cumhuriyet
Çarşı
Çukurkuyu
Davarlı
Demetevler
Demirkent
Dereyurt
Ergenekon
Ersevenler
Ertuğrul Gazi
Esentepe
Fatih
Gazi
Gölcük
Gülalibey
Güllüce
H.Ahmet Yesevi
Halitpaşa
Hamidiye
Hancı
Hocabey
Hürrempalangası
Işıkpınar
İnönu
İzzetpaşa
Karaağaç
Kavakyolu
Kazımkarabekir
Keklikkayası
Kızılay
Kurutilek
Menderes
Mengüceli
Mimarsinan
Munzur
Mustafa Kemal Paşa
Osman Gazi
Osmanlı
Özgürlük
Paşa
Sancak
Sarıgöl
Selçuklu
Şehit Cengiz Topel
Şehit Serhat
Şehit Serhat Yurtbaşı
Taksim
Terzibaba
Ulalar
Üçkonak
Yalnızbağ
Yavuzselim
Yeni
Yenidoğan
Yunusemre

Economic Landscape

Historical Agriculture and Industry

In the early 20th century, Erzincan was notable for its extensive mulberry tree plantations. These plantations were crucial for sericulture, the practice of raising silkworms for silk production, indicating a historical agricultural and textile industry in the region.^[47]

Modern Development and Education

While historical economic activities like sericulture have evolved, modern Erzincan continues to develop its economic base. The presence of institutions like Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University plays a significant role in the city's contemporary economy, contributing to education, research, and local employment, fostering intellectual and economic growth in the province.

Civic Leadership

Mayors of Erzincan (1977-Present)

The leadership of Erzincan has been guided by several mayors, representing various political parties, who have overseen the city's development and governance through different periods.

1977–1980 and 1984–1989: Adnan Ercan (MHP, ANAP)
1989–1999: Talip Kaban (MÇP, MHP)
1999–2004: Erkan Karaman (MHP)
2004–2009: Mehmet Buyruk (AK Party)
2009–2014: Yüksel Çakır (AK Party)
2014–2019: Cemalettin Başsoy (AK Party)
2019–Present: Bekir Aksun (MHP)

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References

Michel Lequien, christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 435â436

Faruk SÃ¼mer, Safevi Devletinin KuruluÅu ve GeliÅmesinde Anadolu TÃ¼rklerinin RolÃ¼, TÃ¼rk Tarih Kurumu YayÄ±nlarÄ±, Ankara, 1992, p. 15. (in Turkish)

World War I: A Student Encyclopedia by John S.D. Eisenhower (Foreword), Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (Ed.s)

âEkim Devrimi TartÄ±ÅmalarÄ± 2009: Ekim Devrimi ve Ä°ki Cumhuriyetâ panel, KÃ¶z Gazetesi, 15 November 2009, YÃ¼z ÃiÃ§ek AÃ§sÄ±n KÃ¼ltÃ¼r Merkezi â OkmeydanÄ±, Ä°stanbul.

(Minassian 2006, p. 60) "Bousculant les civils, les soldats armÃ©niens cÃ¨dent Ã la peur, s'enfuient par la route d'Erzeroum"

A full list of references for this article are available at the Erzincan Wikipedia page

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Erzincan: Echoes of Anatolia's Enduring Legacy

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City Overview 📍

🇹🇷 A Provincial Capital

📈 Population Dynamics

🤝 Cultural Composition

Historical Trajectories 📜

🏛️ Ancient Roots: Acilisene

⚔️ Medieval Eras and Shifting Powers

👑 Ottoman Rule and Modern Challenges

💔 The Armenian Genocide

💥 World War I and Aftermath

🌍 The 1939 Erzincan Earthquake

Demographic Shifts 👥

🕰️ Historical Population Overview

📊 Late 19th to Early 20th Century

📉 Post-WWI Changes

Climate Profile ☀️

🌡️ Humid Continental Climate

📊 Climate Data (1991–2020)

Urban Districts 🏘️

🗺️ Neighborhoods of Erzincan

Economic Landscape 💰

🌱 Historical Agriculture and Industry

🎓 Modern Development and Education

Civic Leadership 🏛️

👨‍💼 Mayors of Erzincan (1977-Present)

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

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References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

City Overview

A Provincial Capital

Population Dynamics

Cultural Composition

Historical Trajectories

Ancient Roots: Acilisene

Medieval Eras and Shifting Powers

Ottoman Rule and Modern Challenges

The Armenian Genocide

World War I and Aftermath

The 1939 Erzincan Earthquake

Demographic Shifts

Historical Population Overview

Late 19th to Early 20th Century

Post-WWI Changes

Climate Profile

Humid Continental Climate

Climate Data (1991–2020)

Urban Districts

Neighborhoods of Erzincan

Economic Landscape

Historical Agriculture and Industry

Modern Development and Education

Civic Leadership

Mayors of Erzincan (1977-Present)

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice