What types of data does Google Earth use to map the Earth's surface?

Google Earth primarily uses satellite imagery and aerial photography. It also incorporates Geographic Information System (GIS) data to provide a comprehensive and detailed view of cities and landscapes.

How can users navigate and explore the globe within Google Earth?

Users can explore the globe in Google Earth by entering specific addresses or coordinates, or by using a keyboard and mouse for navigation. On mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, navigation is typically done using a touch screen or a stylus.

Can users add their own data to Google Earth?

Yes, users can add their own data to Google Earth using Keyhole Markup Language (KML). This custom data can then be uploaded and shared through various online platforms like forums and blogs.

What percentage of the world does Google Earth cover, according to Google's 2019 statement?

In 2019, Google revealed that Google Earth's coverage extended to over 97 percent of the world. This extensive mapping ensures that a vast majority of the planet is accessible for exploration within the program.

Beyond Earth navigation, what other celestial bodies can be explored in Google Earth?

In addition to Earth, Google Earth provides specific globes for exploring the Moon and Mars. It also includes a feature for viewing the night sky, allowing users to observe celestial bodies from their perspective on Earth.

What gaming feature is included within the Google Earth desktop application?

The Google Earth desktop application includes a built-in flight simulator game. This feature allows users to experience flying through the virtual landscape rendered by the program.

How does Google Earth integrate information from Wikipedia?

Google Earth integrates information from Wikipedia by displaying Wikipedia entries for certain locations. This provides users with contextual information and facts about the places they are exploring directly within the application.

What is the 'Voyager' feature in the web-based version of Google Earth?

The web-based version of Google Earth features 'Voyager,' which periodically adds in-program tours. These tours are often presented by scientists and documentarians, offering guided explorations of various topics and locations.

What concerns have been raised about Google Earth regarding privacy and security?

Google Earth has faced criticism and been viewed as a potential threat to privacy and national security. These concerns often stem from the software's ability to display detailed imagery of sensitive locations, leading to its ban in several countries and requests for obscuring certain areas.

Where did the core technology behind Google Earth originate?

The core technology that powers Google Earth was initially developed at Intrinsic Graphics in the late 1990s. Intrinsic Graphics was focused on creating 3D gaming software libraries at that time.

How did Keyhole, Inc. develop its mapping technology?

Keyhole, Inc., led by John Hanke, developed a method for streaming large databases of mapping data over the internet to client software. They also acquired various mapping data from government and other sources to build their product, 'Keyhole EarthViewer'.

What was the role of the 2003 invasion of Iraq in the development of Keyhole's technology?

During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Keyhole's EarthViewer was utilized by major news networks like CNN to provide 3D flyby imagery of Baghdad. This widespread use significantly increased public awareness and demand for the software, boosting the company's visibility.

Which government agencies showed interest in Keyhole's technology after its increased public visibility?

Following the increased public interest, Keyhole was contacted by the Central Intelligence Agency's venture capital firm, In-Q-Tel, and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. These agencies were interested in using Keyhole's technology for defense mapping databases, providing a crucial cash infusion to the company.

When did Google acquire Keyhole, Inc., and what was the impact of this acquisition?

Google acquired Keyhole in October 2004. The acquisition allowed Google to integrate Keyhole's Earth Viewer technology into what became Google Earth in 2005, while other aspects of its core technology were incorporated into Google Maps.

How does Google Earth's imagery transition as users zoom in?

As users zoom in on Google Earth, the imagery transitions from a single, composited image of the planet's surface to different imagery of the same area with finer detail. The recency and quality of this imagery can vary depending on the specific location.

What was the issue with Landsat 7 imagery used by Google Earth before Landsat 8?

Before the launch of NASA and USGS's Landsat 8, Google Earth relied partly on Landsat 7 imagery. However, Landsat 7 had a hardware malfunction that resulted in diagonal gaps within its images, which Google later addressed.

How did Google use datamining to improve imagery in Google Earth in 2013?

In 2013, Google employed datamining techniques to remedy the gaps in Landsat 7 imagery. By combining multiple sets of imagery, they created a single, seamless 'mosaic' image of the entire planet, eliminating clouds and gaps, similar to the concept of the 'Blue Marble' image.

What is the typical resolution range for Google Earth imagery, and how does it differ for the ocean floor?

Imagery resolution in Google Earth generally ranges from 0.15 to 15 meters (approximately 0.49 to 49.21 feet). However, the ocean floor imagery has a lower resolution, ranging from 100 to 1,000 meters (approximately 330 to 3,280 feet).

What data does Google Earth use to create the impression of three-dimensional terrain?

For much of the Earth's terrain, Google Earth utilizes digital elevation model data collected by NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). This data allows the program to render a three-dimensional appearance of the landscape, even when the underlying imagery is two-dimensional.

What is Google's copyright stance on images created using Google Earth data?

Google asserts copyright over every image created from Google Earth using its satellite data, considering them derivative works under U.S. Copyright Law. However, Google grants a license for non-commercial personal use, provided that copyrights and attributions are maintained.

How does Google Earth's 'Historical Imagery' feature work?

Introduced in version 5.0, the Historical Imagery feature allows users to view earlier satellite imagery of a location. By using a time slider, users can select different available dates to observe changes in an area over time.

What is the 'timelapse' feature in Google Earth, and how far back can it go?

The timelapse feature in Google Earth allows users to view a zoomable video of an area's changes over time. This feature can access imagery dating back as far as 38 years, providing a historical perspective on landscape evolution.

What types of 3D imagery are available in Google Earth?

Google Earth displays 3D building models in select cities, often rendered with photorealistic detail using photogrammetry. It also uses auto-generated 3D meshes to represent terrain and structures, providing a more immersive visual experience.

How were 3D building models initially created for Google Earth?

Initially, 3D building models for Google Earth were created using 3D modeling software like SketchUp and Google Building Maker. These models were then uploaded to Google Earth through the 3D Warehouse.

Why did Google decide to replace user-generated 3D buildings with an auto-generated 3D mesh?

In June 2012, Google announced the transition to auto-generated 3D meshes to replace user-generated buildings. This change aimed to achieve greater uniformity in 3D building representations and to remain competitive with other mapping services like Nokia Here and Apple Maps.

What was the collaboration between Google and the Museo del Prado?

In 2009, Google collaborated with the Museo del Prado in Madrid to photograph 14 of its paintings at extremely high resolution (14,000 megapixels). These detailed images were made available within the 3D version of the Prado in Google Earth and Google Maps.

When was Google Street View integrated into Google Earth, and what does it display?

Google Street View was fully integrated into Google Earth in April 2008 with version 4.3. Street View displays 360-degree panoramic, street-level photos of select cities and their surroundings, allowing users to navigate through them using arrow icons.

What is the Google Ocean feature, and when was it introduced?

Introduced in Google Earth 5.0 in 2009, Google Ocean allows users to explore the underwater world. It provides 3D bathymetry data and over 20 content layers with information from oceanographers and scientists.

How did Google increase the resolution of deep ocean floor areas in 2011?

In June 2011, Google enhanced the resolution of some deep ocean floor areas from 1-kilometer grids to 100 meters. This improvement was based on scientific data collected on research cruises, making features like the Hudson Canyon and Mendocino Ridge more detailed.

What outer space exploration features does Google offer within Google Earth?

Google Earth offers features for exploring Mars, the Moon, and the night sky. This includes surface imagery and data for these celestial bodies, as well as views of outer space and other objects in the Solar System.

What is Google Sky, and what kind of data does it incorporate?

Google Sky is a feature within Google Earth that allows users to view stars and celestial bodies. It was developed in partnership with the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) and incorporates public images and data from the Hubble Space Telescope, along with information on satellite orbits and constellations.

What distinguishes Google Mars from Google Earth?

Google Mars is a version of Google Earth specifically for exploring Mars. It offers higher resolution maps than the browser-based version, includes 3D terrain, infrared imagery, and elevation data, and features high-resolution panoramic images from Mars landers, similar to Street View.

What is Google Moon, and when was it launched?

Google Moon is a feature that allows exploration of the Moon, originally a browser application. It was brought to Google Earth on July 20, 2009, coinciding with the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission, and includes tours and data provided by NASA.

How does Google Earth utilize Wikipedia and Panoramio data?

Since December 2006, Google Earth has integrated Wikipedia and Panoramio. Wikipedia entries are linked via coordinates, providing information on locations, while the Panoramio layer displays user-uploaded photos geotagged to their locations.

What is the 'layers' feature in Google Earth, and how can users create custom layers?

The 'layers' feature in Google Earth allows users to view different forms of media, such as photos and videos, related to specific places. Users can also create their own customized layers using Keyhole Markup Language (KML), organizing placemarks, descriptions, photos, and videos.

When was the flight simulator feature added to Google Earth, and how can it be controlled?

A flight simulator was added to Google Earth in version 4.2, released in August 2007. Initially a hidden feature, it became a labeled menu option starting with version 4.3. The simulator can be controlled via keyboard, mouse, or joystick.

What is Liquid Galaxy, and how does it provide an immersive experience?

Liquid Galaxy is a system that uses a cluster of computers running Google Earth to create an immersive experience. Google made the configuration and schematics for these rigs public in 2010, allowing others to build similar setups for viewing and interacting with Google Earth data.

What is Google Earth Engine?

Google Earth Engine is a cloud computing platform designed for processing satellite imagery and other geospatial data. It provides access to a vast catalog of satellite data and the computational power needed to analyze it, enabling observations of changes in agriculture, natural resources, and climate.

What types of data does Google Earth Engine primarily process?

Google Earth Engine processes satellite imagery and other geospatial and observational data. It is particularly noted for its use of data from the Landsat satellite program, which captures imagery of the Earth's surface every sixteen days.

How is Google Earth Engine used by researchers and scientists?

Researchers use Google Earth Engine to analyze geospatial data, collaborate on projects, and develop applications. It provides Python and JavaScript APIs, along with a graphical user interface, facilitating scientific studies in fields like forestry, hydrology, disaster monitoring, and climate science.

What were some early applications of Google Earth Engine?

Early applications of Google Earth Engine included mapping tiger habitats, predicting malaria risk, analyzing global surface water changes, observing vegetation growth around Mount Everest, and calculating the annual Forest Landscape Integrity Index.

What concerns did the Indian government express regarding Google Earth?

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) stated that Google Earth posed a security threat to India. This concern was echoed by the former President of India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, who expressed worry about the availability of high-resolution images of sensitive locations.

How did Google respond to concerns about sensitive locations being visible in Google Earth?

In response to concerns, particularly from the Indian government and President Kalam, Google agreed to censor or obscure images of sensitive sites. This included military bases and other classified installations, although the effectiveness and extent of such censorship have varied.

What specific military facilities in Israel were reportedly visible in detailed Google Earth images in 2006?

In 2006, Google Earth displayed detailed images of Israeli military bases, including Israeli Air Force facilities, Arrow missile defense system sites, military headquarters in Tel Aviv, a secret power station near Ashkelon, and the Negev Nuclear Research Center. The alleged headquarters of Mossad was also shown.

What was the outcome of the patent infringement claim by ART+COM against Google regarding Google Earth?

ART+COM claimed Google Earth infringed on their 'Terravision' patent. However, the patent was invalidated during legal proceedings because ART+COM failed to disclose a prior, substantially similar invention developed at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), also called Terravision.

How was Google Earth featured in the 2021 German miniseries 'The Billion Dollar Code'?

The miniseries 'The Billion Dollar Code' presented a fictionalized account of the patent infringement lawsuit brought by ART+COM against Google concerning Terravision and Google Earth. The series explored the origins and legal battles surrounding the technology.

What is the 'I'm Feeling Lucky' button in Google Earth 9?

The 'I'm Feeling Lucky' button, represented by a die icon in Google Earth 9, takes users to a random location on Earth. It also displays a 'Knowledge Card' with a brief excerpt from the location's Wikipedia article, offering a serendipitous discovery feature.

What is Google Earth VR, and what VR headsets is it compatible with?

Google Earth VR is a virtual reality version of Google Earth released for Valve's Steam platform. It allows users to navigate the globe using VR controllers and is compatible with virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive.

What is Google Earth Outreach?

Google Earth Outreach is a charitable program where Google donates resources and promotes non-profit organizations. It often involves creating Google Earth layers that showcase the projects and goals of these organizations, allowing users to explore related locations.

How does Google Earth Outreach support indigenous communities?

Google Earth Outreach provides online training on using Google Earth and Google Maps for public education. For instance, in 2008, it trained indigenous tribes in the Amazon rainforest, like the Suruí, to help them preserve their culture and raise awareness about deforestation.

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What is Google Earth?

A Digital Globe

Google Earth is a sophisticated computer program and web application that renders a three-dimensional representation of Earth. It achieves this by superimposing satellite imagery, aerial photography, and Geographic Information System (GIS) data onto a virtual globe, enabling users to visualize cities, landscapes, and geographical features from various perspectives.

Interactive Exploration

Users can navigate the globe by inputting specific addresses or coordinates, or by utilizing intuitive keyboard and mouse controls. The platform is also accessible on smartphones and tablets, leveraging touch screen technology for seamless interaction. This accessibility democratizes access to global geographical data.

Comprehensive Coverage

As of recent reports, Google Earth's mapping capabilities extend to over 97 percent of the world's surface. This extensive coverage, combined with the ability for users to contribute their own data via Keyhole Markup Language (KML), makes it an unparalleled tool for geographical research, education, and personal discovery.

Origins and Evolution

Genesis at Keyhole, Inc.

The foundational technology for Google Earth originated at Intrinsic Graphics in the late 1990s. This evolved into Keyhole, Inc., founded in 1999 and led by John Hanke. Keyhole developed a method for streaming large geospatial databases over the internet to client software, initially selling it as a subscription service for professional applications like real estate and defense.

The CNN Effect

A pivotal moment occurred in early 2003 during the Iraq invasion when Keyhole's EarthViewer technology was utilized by news networks like CNN. The sophisticated 3D flyby imagery provided unprecedented visualization of the conflict, dramatically increasing public interest and demand, which strained Keyhole's resources but highlighted the technology's potential.

Google's Acquisition

Recognizing the growing importance of geospatial data, Google acquired Keyhole in October 2004. This acquisition integrated Keyhole's Earth Viewer as the basis for Google Earth, launched in 2005, while other core technologies were incorporated into Google Maps. This strategic move positioned Google as a leader in digital mapping and visualization.

Imagery and Data

Dynamic Visualization

Google Earth presents Earth's surface through a composited image derived from satellite and aerial sources. As users zoom in, the imagery transitions to higher-resolution datasets, varying in capture date. This dynamic rendering requires a stable internet connection to access data hosted on Google's servers.

Terrain and Resolution

The platform utilizes digital elevation models, primarily from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, to create a three-dimensional terrain effect even with two-dimensional imagery. Imagery resolution typically ranges from 0.15 to 15 meters, with ocean floor data at a lower resolution. Google continuously updates its imagery sources for improved quality and frequency.

Copyright and Usage

Google asserts copyright over its composite maps, granting licenses for non-commercial personal use provided attributions are maintained. This contrasts with public domain imagery used by some other platforms, establishing a specific framework for Google Earth's data utilization.

3D Imagery and Models

Photorealistic Cities

Google Earth features 3D building models in numerous cities, often rendered with photorealistic detail achieved through photogrammetry. Initially, these models were user-generated via applications like SketchUp and Building Maker, uploaded through 3D Warehouse. Google later transitioned to auto-generated 3D meshes for greater uniformity and competitive parity.

Artistic Integration

In a notable collaboration, Google partnered with the Museo del Prado to photograph 14 masterpieces at extremely high resolution. These artworks were made accessible within a 3D representation of the museum in Google Earth and Google Maps, demonstrating the platform's potential for cultural heritage dissemination.

Expanding 3D Coverage

The availability of 3D imagery has steadily expanded across continents, encompassing hundreds of cities and all U.S. states. This continuous development enhances the immersive quality of the platform, providing a more tangible representation of urban environments and geographical landmarks.

Exploring Beyond Earth

Google Sky

Introduced in 2007, Google Sky allows users to explore the cosmos. Developed in partnership with the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), it integrates data from the Hubble Space Telescope, enabling visualization of stars, galaxies, constellations, and celestial events. It also includes educational resources and real-time astronomical transient data.

Google Mars

Google Mars offers a detailed view of the Martian surface, incorporating high-resolution imagery from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's HiRISE camera. It provides 3D terrain data, infrared imagery, and panoramic views from Mars landers, navigable in a manner akin to Google Street View, offering an immersive extraterrestrial exploration experience.

Google Moon

Launched for the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission, Google Moon provides access to lunar surface data. It includes tours of the Apollo missions, featuring maps, videos, and Street View-style panoramas provided by NASA, allowing users to virtually traverse the landing sites and historical locations on the Moon.

Integrated Tools and Features

Street View

Fully integrated since 2008, Google Street View provides 360° panoramic street-level imagery of select cities and their surroundings. Users can navigate these immersive environments via arrow icons, enabling virtual exploration of landmarks, including 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, with contextual information.

Google Ocean

Introduced in 2009, Google Ocean allows users to explore the underwater world. It offers 3D bathymetry data and over 20 content layers from scientific institutions, providing insights into marine ecosystems, shipwrecks, and oceanographic research. High-resolution deep ocean floor data enhances this immersive experience.

Flight Simulators

Google Earth includes an integrated flight simulator, initially a hidden feature, allowing users to pilot aircraft through its virtual landscapes. Controllable via keyboard, mouse, or joystick, it offers an engaging way to experience the platform's geographical rendering and scale.

Liquid Galaxy

Liquid Galaxy is a system that utilizes a cluster of computers running Google Earth to create an immersive, multi-display experience. Google has made the configuration and schematics publicly available, fostering its adoption for interactive installations and large-scale data visualization.

Versions and Development

Software Evolution

Google Earth has undergone continuous development, adapting to new operating systems and introducing significant features like Google Sky, Ocean, and Street View. The platform is available across desktop (Windows, macOS, Linux), mobile (Android, iOS), and web browsers, reflecting its broad accessibility.

The following table outlines key versions and their associated developments:

Version History
Version	Release Date	Changes
1.0	June 10, 2001
1.4	January 2002
1.6	February 2003
1.7.2	October 2003
2.2	August 2004	Last version for Windows 98 and Windows Me
3.0	June 2005	First version released after Google acquired Keyhole, Inc.
4.0	June 2006
4.1	May 2007
4.2	August 2007	Google Sky was introduced A flight simulator was added
4.3	April 2008	First release to implement KML version 2.2 Google Street View was added Last version for Windows 2000 Last version for Mac OS X Panther (PPC)
5.0	May 2009	Google Ocean was introduced Historical Imagery was introduced
5.1	November 2009
5.2	July 2010	Last version for Mac OS X Tiger (PPC & Intel) and Leopard (PPC)
6.0	March 2011	3D Trees were added
6.1	October 2011
6.2	April 2012	Last version for Mac OS X Leopard (Intel)
7.0	December 2012	Support for 3D Imagery data was introduced Tour Guide was introduced
7.1	April 2013	Last version for Mac OS X Snow Leopard and OS X Lion Last version for Windows XP and Windows Vista
7.3	July 2017	Google Earth Pro became the standard version of the desktop program. The desktop application continues to be Google Earth Pro 7.3, with infrequent updates.
8.0	October 2014	Android-only update with new 3D rendering engine and feature to import KML files from Google Drive.
9.0	April 2017	Redesign of the mobile and web apps featuring Voyager, "I'm Feeling Lucky" button, and 3D mode. iOS received update in August 2017.
10.0	September 2023	Mobile and web apps updated to latest Material Design theme with support for project creation. Voyager was removed from app.

Note: Information regarding specific version differences and feature sets may be incomplete.

Specialized Versions

Google Earth Pro, initially a paid upgrade, is now the standard free desktop version, offering advanced features like movie creation and data import. Google Earth Studio provides a web-based tool for creating animations using the platform's imagery. Google Earth VR offers an immersive virtual reality experience for compatible headsets.

Concerns and Criticisms

Privacy and Security

Google Earth has faced scrutiny regarding privacy and national security. Concerns arise from the availability of high-resolution imagery of sensitive locations, including military installations and government facilities. This has led to restrictions or blurring of certain areas in various countries, such as Iran, Sudan, and previously Taiwan, to mitigate potential misuse.

Legal Disputes

The platform's development has also been subject to legal challenges. Notably, ART+COM, a German firm, alleged patent infringement based on their earlier Terravision technology. However, their patent was invalidated due to failure to disclose prior art, specifically an earlier SRI Terravision system, highlighting the complexities of intellectual property in geospatial visualization.

Societal Implications

Academically, Google Earth is examined for its role in shaping public perception of global issues like climate change and its capacity to foster a shared consciousness. The platform's ability to visualize environmental changes and human impact on the planet is a subject of ongoing research in digital earth studies.

Societal and Scientific Impact

Google Earth Outreach

This program leverages Google Earth technology to support non-profit organizations and indigenous communities. By providing training and creating data layers, it aids in conservation efforts, cultural preservation, and raising awareness for global issues such as deforestation. Featured partners include the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Global Heritage Fund.

Google Earth Engine

Google Earth Engine is a powerful cloud-based platform for analyzing vast amounts of satellite imagery and geospatial data. It provides researchers and scientists with access to planetary-scale datasets and computational resources, facilitating critical research in areas like climate science, agriculture, hydrology, and disaster monitoring.

Educational Applications

The platform's rich datasets and interactive features make it an invaluable educational tool. From K-12 classrooms to university research, Google Earth facilitates learning about geography, environmental science, history, and culture, enabling students to engage with the world in dynamic and meaningful ways.

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References

A full list of references for this article are available at the Google Earth Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This content has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence, drawing upon publicly available data from Wikipedia. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness, the information is presented as-is and may not be entirely exhaustive or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided herein is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute expert advice on geospatial technology, software development, or data analysis. Users should consult with qualified professionals for specific applications and interpretations.

The creators of this page are not liable for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on the information presented.

Google Earth: Charting Our Digital World

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

What is Google Earth? 🌍

🛰️ A Digital Globe

🖱️ Interactive Exploration

🌐 Comprehensive Coverage

Origins and Evolution ⏳

💡 Genesis at Keyhole, Inc.

📺 The CNN Effect

🏢 Google's Acquisition

Imagery and Data 📸

🖼️ Dynamic Visualization

⛰️ Terrain and Resolution

©️ Copyright and Usage

3D Imagery and Models 🧊

🏙️ Photorealistic Cities

🎨 Artistic Integration

🗺️ Expanding 3D Coverage

Exploring Beyond Earth 🔭

🌌 Google Sky

🔴 Google Mars

🌕 Google Moon

Integrated Tools and Features 🛠️

🚶 Street View

🌊 Google Ocean

✈️ Flight Simulators

💡 Liquid Galaxy

Versions and Development 🔢

📈 Software Evolution

💼 Specialized Versions

Concerns and Criticisms ⚠️

🔒 Privacy and Security

⚖️ Legal Disputes

🌍 Societal Implications

Societal and Scientific Impact 🚀

🤝 Google Earth Outreach

📊 Google Earth Engine

📚 Educational Applications

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

What is Google Earth?

A Digital Globe

Interactive Exploration

Comprehensive Coverage

Origins and Evolution

Genesis at Keyhole, Inc.

The CNN Effect

Google's Acquisition

Imagery and Data

Dynamic Visualization

Terrain and Resolution

Copyright and Usage

3D Imagery and Models

Photorealistic Cities

Artistic Integration

Expanding 3D Coverage

Exploring Beyond Earth

Google Sky

Google Mars

Google Moon

Integrated Tools and Features

Street View

Google Ocean

Flight Simulators

Liquid Galaxy

Versions and Development

Software Evolution

Specialized Versions

Concerns and Criticisms

Privacy and Security

Legal Disputes

Societal Implications

Societal and Scientific Impact

Google Earth Outreach

Google Earth Engine

Educational Applications

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice