What is Haplogroup Q-M242?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, characterized by the presence of the M242 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). It is one of the two major subclades of Haplogroup P1, alongside Haplogroup R-M207.

What are the primary subclades of Haplogroup Q-M242?

Haplogroup Q-M242 has two main subclades: Q1/Q-L472 (also known as Q-MEH2) and Q2/Q-L275. These major branches further divide into numerous smaller subclades identified in various modern populations.

Where is Haplogroup Q-M242 most prevalent?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among Native Americans, the Swati tribe, and several populations in Central Asia and Northern Siberia.

When and where is Haplogroup Q-M242 believed to have originated?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is estimated to have originated approximately 17,000 to 31,700 years ago, with a possible place of origin in the Altai Mountains region or South Central Siberia.

What is the defining mutation for Haplogroup Q-M242?

The primary defining mutation for Haplogroup Q-M242 is the M242 SNP, which is a C-to-T transition located in intron 1 of the DBY gene. This mutation was discovered by Mark Seielstad and colleagues in 2003.

What other SNPs are unique to Haplogroup Q-M242?

Besides M242, numerous other SNPs are unique to Haplogroup Q-M242, including FGC1752, F2603/M1020, L232/S432, M1115, Y2000/FGC1757, FGC6793, Y1984/FGC1753, Y1987/FGC1754/F6492, FGC7650(H), E337/L808/CTS3727/M1105, M1047(H), M1074, M1154, M1166, Y1972/FGC4603/F7839(H), Y2002/FGC1756/F6477(H), CTS7532/M1133, F3067/M1150/V4116, CTS4717/M997, F1237/M1077/V2083/M1077.1/M1077.2/V2083.1/V2083.2, M1180(H), CTS4717/M997, F826/M1064, F1293/M1080/V2215, F1728/M1092, F1829/M992/V2569/Z801, F2603/M1020, F3067/M1150/V4116, F4052/M1063/V1090, FGC1751, FGC1755, and M1163.

How were Haplogroup Q and its subclades Q1 and Q2 historically defined?

Historically, Haplogroup Q was defined by a combination of SNPs including M242, MEH2, and P36.2. However, MEH2 and P36.2 were later found to be synonymous with L472, which specifically defines Haplogroup Q1.

What is the significance of Haplogroup Q-M346 in the Americas?

Subclades of Q-M346, particularly Q-M3 and Q-Z780, were the predominant Y-DNA lineages among indigenous peoples of the Americas before European colonization. These lineages are believed to have arrived with the initial migrations from Asia across the Bering Strait.

What other Q lineages have been found among North American indigenous peoples, and what might their origin be?

Beyond the Q-M346 subclades, Q-P89.1 (under Q1) and Q-NWT01 (under Q-F746, or Q1a1) have also been identified in North American indigenous populations. These may represent later arrivals who traveled by boat along the East Asian coastline into North America, rather than being part of the initial Bering Strait migration.

What was the frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 in North America's indigenous populations?

Haplogroup Q-M242 was found in approximately 92.3% of Navajo people, 78.1% of Apache people, and about 80% of North American Eskimo (Inuit, Yupik) and Aleut populations, indicating its dominance in these groups.

What ancient Greenlandic individual belonged to Haplogroup Q?

A 4000-year-old Saqqaq individual found in Greenland belonged to Haplogroup Q1a-MEH2*. Genetic analysis revealed this individual was more closely related to Siberian populations like the Koryaks and Chukchi than to contemporary Native Americans.

What percentage of the total US population carried Haplogroup Q-M242 in 2010?

In 2010, Haplogroup Q-M242 was estimated to be present in approximately 3.1% of the total US population.

How did Haplogroup Q-M242 frequencies vary across different US ethnic groups in 2010?

In the US in 2010, Haplogroup Q frequencies were 0.7% among Whites, 11.7% among Latinos (with Q-M3 being 7.9%), 0.2% among Blacks, and 58.1% among Native Americans (with Q-M3 being 26.9%). Asian populations showed approximately 0% frequency.

What was the prevalence of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Mesoamerica and South America?

Haplogroup Q-M242 was found in approximately 94% of indigenous peoples across Mesoamerica and South America, demonstrating its widespread presence in these regions.

Which Central Asian populations show high frequencies of Haplogroup Q-M242?

Central Asian populations with high frequencies of Haplogroup Q-M242 include Kets at 93.8% and Selkups at 66.4%. Other groups like Turkmens from Karakalpakstan show 73%, and various Siberian Tatar groups also exhibit significant percentages.

Where is Haplogroup Q-M120 primarily found?

Haplogroup Q-M120 is unique to East Asians and is found most intensively across northern China. It has also been observed in ancient Han Chinese ancestral remains from the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

What is the significance of the Q-M3 subclade?

The Q-M3 subclade is a descendant of Q1a3*-M346 and is predominantly found among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, indicating a key lineage in the peopling of the Americas.

What ancient Y-DNA Q samples have been found in North America?

Ancient Y-DNA Q samples found in North America include the Anzick-1 individual (Clovis culture, ~12,600 years ago) belonging to Q1a2-L54*, and Kennewick Man (~8,500 years ago) belonging to Q1a2-M3.

What ancient Y-DNA Q samples have been found in China?

Ancient Y-DNA Q samples found in China include individuals from the Hengbei site (~2800-3000 years ago) belonging to Q1a1-M120, individuals from Pengyang County (~2500 years ago) also belonging to Q1a1-M120, and individuals from the Heigouliang site (~2200 years ago) belonging to Q1a* and Q1b-M378.

What is the significance of the Q-M3 samples found at a Xiongnu site in Xinjiang?

The discovery of Q-M3 samples at a Xiongnu site in Xinjiang is significant because Q-M3 is primarily found in Yeniseians and Native Americans. This finding suggests potential connections between the Xiongnu and speakers of Yeniseian languages.

What Y-DNA haplogroups were found in Yuan dynasty noble burials in China?

Yuan dynasty noble burials in Hebei, China, approximately 700 years ago, yielded three individuals belonging to Haplogroup Q, although their specific subclades were not analyzed in detail.

What is the estimated global frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242?

Based on available data, Haplogroup Q-M242 is estimated to be present in approximately 3.1% of males worldwide.

How is Haplogroup Q-M242 distributed across Europe?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is found at low frequencies across most European countries, generally decreasing towards the west and south. However, certain regions like parts of Scandinavia, the Balkans, and islands in the Mediterranean show higher localized frequencies.

What are the highest frequencies of Haplogroup Q-M242 observed in Eurasia?

The highest frequencies of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Eurasia are observed in the Ket people of Siberia (93.8%) and the Selkup people of Siberia (66.4%).

What is the relationship between the Ket language and Native American languages?

The Ket language is linguistically significant as it is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family. Some scholars have proposed a link between Yeniseian languages and the Na-Dené languages spoken by Native Americans.

What is the approximate frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Central and Eastern Europe?

In Central and Eastern Europe, Haplogroup Q-M242 comprises about 1.7% of males, with varying frequencies across different countries and ethnic groups.

What is the frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Northern Europe?

In Northern Europe, Haplogroup Q-M242 is found in about 2.5% of males. For example, it is present in 4.1% of Swedish males and 2.6% of Norwegian males.

What is the frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Western Europe?

In Western Europe, Haplogroup Q-M242 is generally observed at very low frequencies, around 0.5% in most countries, though some regions like Lyon in France show higher rates (5.1%).

What is the frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Southern Europe?

Southern Europe also shows low frequencies of Haplogroup Q-M242, typically around 0.5% to 1%. However, specific locations like Hvar Island in Croatia (14.3%) and Mazara del Vallo in Sicily, Italy (16.7%) exhibit notably higher percentages.

What is the distribution of Haplogroup Q-M242 in Jewish populations?

Haplogroup Q-M242 has been found in approximately 5.2% of Ashkenazi Jewish males and 2.3% to 5.6% of Sephardi Jewish males. Specifically, the Q-M378 subclade is common in some European Jewish diaspora populations.

How common is Haplogroup Q-M242 in Africa?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is rarely found in Africa, with very low frequencies observed in North Africa (e.g., 0.7% in Egypt, 0.6% in Algeria) and a surprising 0.8% presence noted in the Comoros.

What are the main phylogenetic trees used for Haplogroup Q-M242?

The main phylogenetic trees for Haplogroup Q-M242 are those provided by the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC), the Genomic Research Center (GRC) draft tree, and the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) tree.

What is the significance of the 'Q*' designation in distribution data?

The 'Q*' designation typically refers to samples belonging to Haplogroup Q but not falling into any of the more specific, defined subclades. It is often found in populations where detailed subclade analysis is limited or where unique, unclassified branches may exist, such as in India and Pakistan.

What is the relationship between Haplogroup Q-M242 and the Y-DNA backbone tree?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is a major branch on the Y-DNA backbone tree, descending from Haplogroup P1-M45. Its position on the tree illustrates its evolutionary relationship with other major human Y-DNA haplogroups.

What does the 'update needed' notice in the article signify?

The 'update needed' notice indicates that the information presented in the article, particularly regarding phylogenetic trees and population frequencies, may not reflect the most recent scientific findings or discoveries, and that the article requires updating to incorporate new data.

What is the prevalence of Haplogroup Q-M242 among the Ket people of Siberia?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is found at an exceptionally high frequency among the Ket people of Siberia, reaching 93.8% in some studies, making it one of the highest observed frequencies globally.

What is the estimated age of Haplogroup Q-M242?

The possible time of origin for Haplogroup Q-M242 is estimated to be between 17,200 and 31,700 years ago, with a common approximation around 24,500 years before present.

What is the ancestral haplogroup from which Haplogroup Q-M242 descends?

Haplogroup Q-M242 descends from Haplogroup P1-M45, which is also the ancestor of Haplogroup R-M207.

How does the distribution of Haplogroup Q-M242 vary between northern and southern China?

Haplogroup Q-M242 shows a higher frequency in northern China, averaging around 4.5%, with specific subclades like Q-M120 being prominent. In contrast, its frequency decreases to about 2% in southern China.

What is the significance of the Q-M3 subclade's presence in ancient Xiongnu remains?

The presence of the Q-M3 subclade in ancient Xiongnu remains is notable because Q-M3 is strongly associated with Native American and Yeniseian populations, potentially linking the Xiongnu to these groups.

Which specific subclades of Q-M242 are commonly found in Europe?

In Europe, subclades such as Q-M25, Q-M346, Q-M378, and Q-L275 are found, often at low frequencies, but with notable concentrations in specific regions and populations, sometimes linked to historical migrations.

What is the estimated frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 in the global male population?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is estimated to be present in approximately 3.1% of the world's male population.

What does the 'short description' of the article indicate about Haplogroup Q-M242?

The short description states that Haplogroup Q-M242 is a human Y-DNA grouping that is common among Native Americans.

What is the relationship between Haplogroup Q-M242 and Haplogroup P1?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is one of the two major and very populous subclades of Haplogroup P1, the other being R-M207.

What is the highest reported frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 among indigenous peoples of the Americas?

The highest reported frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 among indigenous peoples of the Americas is 92.3% in the Navajo people.

What ancient haplogroup was identified in the Anzick-1 individual associated with the Clovis culture?

The Anzick-1 individual, associated with the Clovis culture and dating back approximately 12,600 years ago, was found to belong to Haplogroup Q1a2-L54*.

What is the significance of the Q-M378 subclade in European Jewish populations?

The Q-M378 subclade is found in some European Jewish populations, and its subbranches, Q-Y2200 and Q-YP1035, are specifically identified within Ashkenazi Jews.

What is the approximate age of the Q-M242 haplogroup?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is estimated to have arisen approximately 17,000 to 31,700 years ago, with a commonly cited figure of around 24,500 years ago.

Which Siberian populations show the highest frequencies of Haplogroup Q-M242?

The Ket people of central Siberia exhibit the highest frequencies of Q-M242 at 93.8%, followed by the Selkup people of north Siberia at 66.4%.

What is the relationship between Haplogroup Q-M242 and the Altai Mountains region?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is believed to have originated in the vicinity of the Altai Mountains area, also known as South Central Siberia.

What is the frequency of Haplogroup Q-M242 among the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica and South America?

Haplogroup Q-M242 is found in approximately 94% of the indigenous populations of Mesoamerica and South America.

Haplogroup Q-m242 Wiki: Haplogroup Q-M242: Tracing the Threads of Human Migration

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The Genesis of Haplogroup Q

Defining Y-DNA

Haplogroup Q, specifically Q-M242, is a significant human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It represents a paternal lineage, passed down virtually unchanged from father to son, allowing us to trace deep ancestral migrations and population movements across millennia.

Ancient Origins

Estimated to have originated between 17,200 and 31,700 years ago, Haplogroup Q-M242 likely emerged in the region of Central Asia or South Central Siberia. Its ancestral haplogroup is P1-M45.

Key Mutation

The defining mutation for this haplogroup is M242. This genetic marker, a specific change in the Y-chromosome, distinguishes individuals belonging to Haplogroup Q from others.

A Global Footprint

The Americas

Haplogroup Q-M242 is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Its presence is strongly linked to the ancient migrations across the Bering Strait. High frequencies are observed in populations such as the Navajo (92.3%), Apache (78.1%), and Inuit (80%).

Asia: Cradle and Crossroads

Originating in Asia, Q-M242 is widely distributed across the continent. It shows particularly high frequencies in Siberian populations like the Ket (93.8%) and Selkups (66.4%). It is also found across Central Asia, East Asia (including China, Korea, Japan), Southeast Asia, and South Asia, reflecting ancient population movements and interactions.

Europe and Africa

In Europe, Haplogroup Q-M242 is generally found at low frequencies, though notable clusters exist in specific regions like Shetland, parts of Croatia, and Sicily. Its presence in Europe may be linked to ancient migrations and historical population exchanges. It is rarely observed in African populations.

Branching Pathways: Subclade Structure

Phylogenetic Complexity

The study of Y-DNA haplogroups involves intricate phylogenetic trees, constantly refined by new genetic discoveries. Major frameworks like those from the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) and the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) map out the relationships between various subclades, defined by specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Major Branches

The two primary branches of Q-M242 are Q1 (including Q-L472/MEH2) and Q2 (Q-L275). Within these, key subclades like Q-M3 are highly prevalent in the Americas, while Q-M120 is notable in East Asia, and Q-M378 is found across Europe and parts of Asia.

Notable Subclades

Understanding subclades like Q-M346, Q-L53, Q-M25, and Q-M378 provides finer detail on migration routes and population genetics. For instance, Q-M3's deep roots in the Americas highlight the ancient origins of its indigenous populations.

Echoes from the Past

Siberian and Arctic Connections

Ancient DNA studies have revealed Q-M242 in significant archaeological finds. The Afontova-Gora-2 individual from Siberia (17,000 YBP) belonged to Q1a1-F1215. In Greenland, a Saqqaq individual from 4,000 YBP (Q1a-YP1500) showed closer genetic links to Far East Siberians than to Native Americans.

Early American Migrants

In North America, Haplogroup Q has been found in ancient remains associated with early cultures. The Anzick-1 individual (Clovis culture, Montana, 12,600 YBP) carried Q1a2-L54*, while Kennewick Man (Washington, 8,500 YBP) belonged to Q1a2-M3.

Asian Historical Links

Evidence of Haplogroup Q has also been found in ancient Asian sites. Samples from Xiongnu sites in Xinjiang (2,200 YBP) included Q-M3, suggesting connections to Yeniseian language speakers. Yuan Dynasty noble burials in Hebei, China, also yielded Q haplogroups.

Key Populations and Frequencies

High-Frequency Zones

Haplogroup Q-M242 reaches its highest frequencies among Indigenous peoples of the Americas (often >80%) and certain Siberian groups like the Ket (93.8%) and Selkups (66.4%). Central Asian populations, particularly Turkmen and Kazakh groups, also show significant presence.

Continental Overview

While dominant in the Americas and Siberia, Q-M242 is distributed across Asia. Frequencies are generally lower in Europe (around 0.5%-5% in various regions) and very low in Africa. East Asian populations often show Q-M120, while Central Asian groups frequently carry Q-M25.

Subclade Distribution Insights

The distribution of specific subclades provides finer resolution. Q-M3 is strongly associated with Native American populations, while Q-M120 is found predominantly in East Asia. Q-M378 is observed across a broad Eurasian range, including Europe and South Asia.

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References

International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades â 2016

Zegura Stephen L., Tatiana M. Karafet, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Michael F. Hammer. High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas, 2004.

E. G. Pulleyblank, "The consonontal system of old Chinese" [Pt 1], Asia Major, vol. IX (1962), pp. 1â2

E. J. Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide (2013, Oxford/New York, Routledge) pp.103-106, etc.

Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin, et al. (2000), "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations." Nature Genetics, Volume 26, November 2000.

Hungarian Bukovina

Q-L712 Subclades of haplogroup Q-M25: Q-L712, Q-L715, Q-L713, Q-YP789

Allison Mann, Vikings, merchants, and pirates at the top of the world : Y-chromosomal signatures of recent and ancient migrations in the Faroe Islands, MA Thesis of University of Louisville, 2012.

Alain Farhi et al., Preliminary Results of Sephardic DNA Testing, AVOTAYNU Volume XXIII, Number 2 Summer 2007, p.10

Brook, Kevin Alan (2018). The Jews of Khazaria (3rd ed.), p. 204. Rowman & Littlefield.

Hollard et al., Strong genetic admixture in the Altai at the Middle Bronze Age revealed by uniparental and ancestry informative makers, Forensic Science International: Genetics, published online 4 June 2014

On Henbei, Pengyang, and Heigouliang, Lihongjie, Y-Chromosome Genetic Diversity of the Ancient North Chinese populations, Jilin University-China (2012)

Lihongjie, Y-Chromosome Genetic Diversity of the Ancient North Chinese populations, Jilin University-China (2012)

L. L. Kang et al., Y chromosomes of ancient Hunnu people and its implication on the phylogeny of East Asian linguistic families (2013)

Knowing the Xiongnu Culture in Eastern Tianshan Mountain from Tomb Heigouliang and Dongheigou Site at the Beginning of Xihan Dynasty, RenMeng, WangJianXin, 2008

A full list of references for this article are available at the Haplogroup Q-M242 Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date. Genetic research is a rapidly evolving field, and classifications and findings are subject to change.

This is not genetic or anthropological advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional consultation with geneticists, anthropologists, or historians. Always consult with qualified professionals for specific inquiries related to genetics, ancestry, or population history.

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Haplogroup Q-M242

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

The Genesis of Haplogroup Q ⏳

🧬 Defining Y-DNA

🌍 Ancient Origins

📍 Key Mutation

A Global Footprint 🗺️

🇺🇸 The Americas

🌏 Asia: Cradle and Crossroads

🇪🇺 Europe and Africa

Branching Pathways: Subclade Structure 🌳

🔬 Phylogenetic Complexity

🔑 Major Branches

🔍 Notable Subclades

Echoes from the Past 🦴

❄️ Siberian and Arctic Connections

🏹 Early American Migrants

⚔️ Asian Historical Links

Key Populations and Frequencies 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

🎯 High-Frequency Zones

📊 Continental Overview

📈 Subclade Distribution Insights

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The Genesis of Haplogroup Q

Defining Y-DNA

Ancient Origins

Key Mutation

A Global Footprint

The Americas

Asia: Cradle and Crossroads

Europe and Africa

Branching Pathways: Subclade Structure

Phylogenetic Complexity

Major Branches

Notable Subclades

Echoes from the Past

Siberian and Arctic Connections

Early American Migrants

Asian Historical Links

Key Populations and Frequencies

High-Frequency Zones

Continental Overview

Subclade Distribution Insights

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice