Where is Koroni located within Greece, and what are its geographical coordinates?

Koroni is situated in the Messenia region of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. Its geographical coordinates are 36°47′41.61″N 21°57′46.43″E. This location places it on the southwest part of the Peloponnese, overlooking the Gulf of Messinia.

What is the administrative structure of Koroni within Greece's current system?

Koroni is currently a municipal unit within the larger municipality of Pylos-Nestor. This administrative change occurred following the 2011 local government reform. Previously, it was an independent municipality.

Describe the physical setting of the town of Koroni.

The town of Koroni is nestled on a hill situated below a Venetian castle. It extends down to the edge of the Gulf of Messinia. This elevated position likely offered strategic advantages throughout its history.

What were the population figures for Koroni in 2021?

In 2021, the town of Koroni itself had a population of 1,193 residents. The broader municipal unit of Koroni, which encompasses several communities, had a total population of 3,600.

What is the land area and population density of the Koroni municipal unit?

The municipal unit of Koroni covers a land area of 105.163 square kilometers (approximately 40.604 square miles). Based on the 2021 population of 3,600, the population density is about 34 people per square kilometer (or 89 people per square mile).

What is the elevation of Koroni?

Koroni is situated at an elevation of 20 meters (approximately 70 feet) above sea level. This relatively low elevation indicates its proximity to the coast.

What is the Greek name for Koroni, and what other historical names has it been known by?

The Greek name for Koroni is Κορώνη. Historically, it has also been known as Corone, particularly by the Venetians and the Ottoman Turks during their periods of control.

What is the significance of the "KM" vehicle registration code associated with Koroni?

The vehicle registration code for Koroni is KM. This code is used on license plates to identify vehicles registered within the administrative area of Koroni.

What time zone does Koroni observe?

Koroni observes Eastern European Time (EET), which is UTC+2 during standard time. During daylight saving time, it observes Eastern European Summer Time (EEST), which is UTC+3.

Does Koroni have an official website?

Yes, Koroni has an official website, accessible at www.korone.gr. The site provides information in both English and Greek.

What uninhabited island is part of the Koroni municipal unit?

The uninhabited island of Venetiko is included within the Koroni municipal unit. This island is located within the territorial waters of the region.

When was Koroni founded, and what is known about its ancient origins according to Pausanias?

Koroni was founded in ancient times. The 2nd-century Greek geographer Pausanias noted in his work *Messeniaka* that the original settlement of Koroni was located at the site of modern-day Petalidi, a town situated a few kilometers north of the current location. Pausanias also mentioned the presence of numerous temples dedicated to Greek gods and a copper statue of Zeus in the ancient settlement.

How did the location of Koroni change over time from antiquity?

While Pausanias placed the original Koroni at modern Petalidi, the town later relocated to its current site. This new location was previously the site of the ancient town of Asini. This shift likely occurred due to various factors, possibly including strategic or economic considerations.

What role did the Byzantines play in Koroni's early history?

During the 6th and 7th centuries AD, the Byzantines constructed a fortress at the site of Koroni. This fortification was a significant defensive structure, indicating the strategic importance of the location during the Byzantine era.

How is Koroni mentioned in Byzantine ecclesiastical records?

Koroni is first documented as a bishopric in the *Notitiae Episcopatuum* compiled during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise. In these records, it is listed as a suffragan see, meaning it was subordinate to the larger See of Patras.

What happened to the Greek bishopric of Koroni in later centuries?

The Greek eparchy, or bishopric, of Koroni was suppressed in the 19th century. This occurred as part of an ecclesiastical reorganization following Greece's achievement of independence.

How did the Republic of Venice come to control Koroni and the surrounding region?

Following the Fourth Crusade's capture of Constantinople in 1204, the Peloponnese was initially assigned to Venice. However, the Franks under William of Champlitte established the Principality of Achaea first. It wasn't until 1206 or 1207 that a Venetian fleet successfully took control of the Messenian peninsula, including Koroni and Methoni, from the Frankish forces. This possession was formally recognized by Geoffrey of Villehardouin in the Treaty of Sapienza in 1209.

What was the strategic and economic importance of Koroni and Methoni to the Republic of Venice?

Koroni and Methoni, known collectively as Coron and Modon, were the first Venetian possessions on the Greek mainland. They served as crucial naval bases, described as 'the receptacle and special nest of all our galleys, ships, and vessels on their way to the Levant.' Their strategic location allowed Venice to control trade routes to the Eastern Mediterranean, earning them the title 'the chief eyes of the Republic.'

What specific contributions did Koroni make during the Venetian period?

Koroni flourished as a vital waystation for merchants and pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. The town was particularly noted for its production of cochineal, a valuable insect used to create crimson dyes. Additionally, Venetian engineers based in Koroni were renowned for their expertise in siege engines, which were highly sought after by the rulers of Frankish Greece for their military campaigns.

How did Koroni's importance compare to Methoni during Venetian rule?

Koroni was considered the more important of the two fortresses. Towards the end of the 13th century, the number of Venetian captains overseeing these fortifications was increased to three, with two of them stationed in Koroni. In times of emergency, an extraordinary consul, known as a bailo, would also reside there.

What was the ecclesiastical status of Koroni under Venetian rule?

During the Venetian period, Koroni became the seat for bishops of the Latin Church. Following the existing Byzantine ecclesiastical structure, the Latin bishop of Koroni served as a suffragan to the Latin Archbishop of Patras. Notably, one of its bishops, Angelo Correr, later ascended to the papacy as Pope Gregory XII.

How did the Black Death impact Venetian rule in Koroni, and what measures were taken?

In the mid-14th century, the Black Death severely impacted the Venetian colonies, including Koroni. To repopulate the area, fresh colonists were sent from Venice, and the rights of citizenship were extended to all inhabitants except for the Jewish population.

What regulations governed the Venetian garrison in Koroni, and why?

The Venetian garrison in Koroni was subject to detailed regulations outlined in Statutes and Capitulations issued by the Venetian government. One specific rule stipulated that members of the garrison were forbidden from wearing beards, a measure intended to visually distinguish them from the local Greek population.

What was the relationship between Venetian rulers and the Greek Orthodox population in Koroni?

While the Venetians initially allowed Greek Orthodox bishops to maintain their positions alongside their Catholic counterparts, reports from the latter half of the 14th century indicate mistreatment of the Greek population. This led some Greeks to flee Venetian territory and seek refuge with the Franks of Achaea.

When and how did Koroni fall to the Ottoman Turks for the first time?

Koroni fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1500, during the Second Ottoman-Venetian War. After Sultan Bayezid II's forces stormed the nearby fortress of Methoni, Koroni and Navarino surrendered to the Ottomans on August 15 or 17, 1500. This marked the end of nearly three centuries of Venetian control.

What events transpired in Koroni after its initial Ottoman conquest in 1500?

Koroni was retaken by the Venetian forces under Admiral Andrea Doria in 1532. However, the Ottomans besieged the town in the spring of 1533. Despite Doria's relief efforts, a combination of plague within the garrison and a harsh winter enabled the Ottoman forces, led by Hayreddin Barbarossa, to eventually force the surrender of the Spanish garrison in 1534.

What connection exists between Koroni and the Arbëreshë people in Southern Italy?

Following the Spanish garrison's surrender of Koroni to the Ottomans in 1534, some Albanian inhabitants who had been involved in the revolt left with the Spanish forces. They subsequently settled in various towns in the Kingdom of Naples, including San Chirico Nuovo, Ginestra, and Maschito, contributing to the Arbëreshë communities where a distinct dialect is still spoken.

How was Koroni administered under the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century?

In the first half of the 16th century, Koroni was organized as a kaza, an administrative district, within the Sanjak of Methoni. It served as the seat of a kadi, a judge. The fortress and its surrounding territory were designated as an imperial fief, generating an annual revenue of 162,081 akçes, which were reportedly allocated to Mecca.

What was the demographic composition of Koroni during the Ottoman period, specifically in 1582?

According to records from 1582, the fortress of Koroni was part of the Sanjak of Mezistre. It reportedly housed approximately 300 Christian households and 10 Jewish households. The Muslim population was confined to officials and a garrison of 300 soldiers, a number that remained consistent throughout the Ottoman period.

How did Koroni change hands during the Morean War?

During the Morean War, Koroni was the first target for the Venetian forces attempting to reconquer the Peloponnese. They successfully captured the town after a siege that lasted from June 25 to August 7, 1685. Koroni remained under Venetian control as part of the Kingdom of the Morea until the Ottomans recaptured the entire peninsula in 1715.

What was the condition and economic activity of Koroni in the 18th century?

In the 18th century, Koroni experienced a period of decline. Although it continued to export silk and olive oil, and French merchant houses were active there until the 1770s, its harbor was noted as being blocked and ruinous. By 1805, English traveler William Martin Leake reported that trade had ceased, the port offered only insecure anchorage, and the local population suffered abuse from the Janissary garrison.

When did Koroni become part of the modern Greek state?

Koroni became integrated into the modern Greek state in 1828. This occurred when the town was liberated by the French General Nicolas Joseph Maison during the Greek War of Independence.

Was Koroni utilized as a site for rocket launches, and if so, during what period?

Yes, between 1966 and 1989, a facility for launching sounding rockets was established near Koroni. This site was used for atmospheric research and other scientific investigations.

What types of rockets were launched from Koroni, and what were their typical altitudes?

The first launches occurred on May 20, 1966, using sounding rockets that reached altitudes of 114 kilometers, primarily for studying an annular solar eclipse. From 1972 to 1989, Russian meteorological rockets of the M-100 type were launched, achieving altitudes up to 95 kilometers. In total, 371 rockets were launched from this facility.

What type of climate does Koroni experience, and what are its characteristics?

Koroni experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, classified under the Köppen climate classification as Csa. This climate is characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.

What are the average annual temperature and precipitation levels recorded in Koroni?

The average annual temperature in Koroni is 17.3 degrees Celsius (63.2 degrees Fahrenheit). The region receives approximately 737 millimeters (or 29.0 inches) of precipitation annually.

What historical events are depicted in the images associated with Koroni in the source material?

The images associated with Koroni depict several historical scenes. One shows a view of the castle, highlighting its defensive architecture. Another image is a Venetian map illustrating the siege of Koroni during the Morean War, and a third depicts the capture of Koroni during the Morea expedition by General Sebastiani.

Koroni Wiki: Koroni: Gateway to the Messenian Gulf

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Overview

Geographical Context

Koroni, historically known as Corone, is a significant town and former municipality situated in the Messenia region of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. It commands a strategic position on the southwestern coast, overlooking the Gulf of Messinia. The town itself is nestled on a hill below a historic Venetian castle, extending towards the gulf's edge.

Demographics and Area

As of the 2021 census, the town of Koroni has a population of 1,193 residents. The broader municipal unit, which encompasses several communities including Akritochori, Charakopio, and Vasilitsi, covers an area of 105.163 km² (40.604 sq mi). This results in a population density of approximately 34 inhabitants per square kilometer for the municipal unit.

Administrative Details

Koroni is currently designated as a municipal unit within the larger municipality of Pylos-Nestor, following the 2011 local government reform. It is located approximately 56 kilometers (35 miles) southwest of Kalamata by road. The town's coordinates are 36°47′41.61″N 21°57′46.43″E. It observes Eastern European Time (UTC+2) and Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3).

Historical Tapestry

Ancient Origins and Byzantine Foundations

Koroni's history stretches back to antiquity. Ancient Greek geographer Pausanias noted its original location near modern Petalidi, mentioning temples and a statue of Zeus. Over centuries, the settlement shifted to its current site, where the ancient town of Asini once stood. The Byzantines fortified this location with a castle in the 6th and 7th centuries AD. Koroni also appears in historical records as a Byzantine bishopric, a suffragan see of Patras.

Venetian Strategic Stronghold

Following the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Republic of Venice secured control of Koroni and its neighbor Methoni. These became vital maritime bases, referred to as the "chief eyes of the Republic," crucial for Venetian galleys navigating the Levant trade routes. The town flourished as a stop for merchants and pilgrims. Notably, Koroni was renowned for its cochineal production, yielding crimson dyes, and its skilled engineers.

During the Venetian period, Koroni was recognized as a significant center. It served as the seat for Latin bishops, with one, Angelo Correr, eventually becoming Pope Gregory XII. The town endured the Black Death, necessitating fresh colonization, and was governed by detailed statutes. Venetian expansion in the 15th century saw them secure further castles in the region. However, the growing Ottoman threat led to the eventual fall of Koroni to Sultan Bayezid II in 1500.

Ottoman Era

Contested Territory and Shifting Fortunes

After its fall in 1500, Koroni experienced periods of contestation. It was briefly retaken by the Venetian admiral Andrea Doria in 1532 but fell again to the Ottomans in 1534, despite Doria's efforts. This period saw the surrender of the Spanish garrison and the subsequent migration of Albanian inhabitants to settlements in Southern Italy. Koroni served as a kaza (administrative district) and its revenues were historically allocated to Mecca.

Throughout the Ottoman period, Koroni was a strategically important fortress. Travelers like Evliya Çelebi and Jean-Baptiste Tavernier documented its administrative status and military contributions. The town was recaptured by the Venetians during the Morean War in 1685 but was ultimately returned to Ottoman control in 1715. By the late 18th century, traveler William Martin Leake noted a decline in trade and abuses by the Janissary garrison.

Modern Era

Liberation and Contemporary Status

Koroni became an integral part of the modern Greek state in 1828, liberated by French forces under General Nicolas Joseph Maison. Today, it functions as a municipal unit within the Pylos-Nestor municipality, retaining its historical charm and strategic coastal location. The town continues to be a center for local communities and retains its administrative importance within the Messenia region.

Rocketry Site

Sounding Rocket Launches

Between 1966 and 1989, a facility near Koroni served as a sounding rocket launch site. Initial launches in 1966 were conducted to study an annular solar eclipse, with rockets reaching altitudes of 114 kilometers. From 1972 to 1989, numerous Russian M-100 meteorological rockets were launched, achieving altitudes up to 95 kilometers. In total, 371 rockets were launched from this site.

Climate

Mediterranean Conditions

Koroni experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). This climate is characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The average annual temperature hovers around 17.3 °C (63.2 °F), with approximately 737 mm (29.0 inches) of precipitation falling annually. This climate supports the region's characteristic flora and agricultural practices.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Koroni" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about koroni while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

the american journal of clinical nutrition

marinid dynasty

2008 french open– men's doubles

stefan pawlicki

clarence terrace

metropolitan opera auditions of the air

british council

westerland germany

brooklyn public library

agglutination

References

Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 193-196 e Indice p. III

A full list of references for this article are available at the Koroni Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional historical, geographical, or architectural consultation. Always refer to official documentation and consult with qualified professionals for specific needs. Never disregard professional advice because of something you have read on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Koroni: Echoes of the Peloponnese

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 📍

🗺️ Geographical Context

📊 Demographics and Area

🏛️ Administrative Details

Historical Tapestry ⏳

🏺 Ancient Origins and Byzantine Foundations

🏰 Venetian Strategic Stronghold

Ottoman Era ☪️

⚔️ Contested Territory and Shifting Fortunes

Modern Era 🇬🇷

🕊️ Liberation and Contemporary Status

Rocketry Site 🚀

🛰️ Sounding Rocket Launches

Climate ☀️

🌡️ Mediterranean Conditions

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

Geographical Context

Demographics and Area

Administrative Details

Historical Tapestry

Ancient Origins and Byzantine Foundations

Venetian Strategic Stronghold

Ottoman Era

Contested Territory and Shifting Fortunes

Modern Era

Liberation and Contemporary Status

Rocketry Site

Sounding Rocket Launches

Climate

Mediterranean Conditions

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice