What is the primary focus of this list regarding the rulers of Kashmir?

This list details the monarchs of Kashmir, beginning with the establishment of the Gonanda dynasty around 1400 BCE. It continues through various dynasties and periods, concluding with the cession of parts of Kashmir State to the Indian Union in 1947 and its official merger into the Republic of India in 1952.

Which ancient dynasty is credited with the earliest rulers of Kashmir mentioned in this list?

The earliest rulers of Kashmir mentioned in this list belong to the Gonanda dynasty, which is noted to have been established around 1400 BCE.

Who was the first monarch listed for the Gonanda dynasty (I), and what historical figures were they contemporary with?

The first monarch listed for the Gonanda dynasty (I) was Gonanda I. According to the text, he was contemporary with Yudhishthira and was a relative of Jarasandha, the ruler of Magadha. He was reportedly killed by Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna.

What happened to Damodara I and his wife Yashovati according to the text?

Damodara I was killed in a battle by Krishna. His wife, Yashovati, who was pregnant at the time, was then helped by Krishna to ascend the throne.

Who was Gonanda II, and what significant event occurred during his reign?

Gonanda II was the son of Yashovati and Damodara. He ruled Kashmir as a minor during the Kurukshetra War and was later killed by Parikshit.

What does the text mention about a period of 35 lost kings after Gonanda II?

After Gonanda II, there is a period attributed to 35 kings whose names are lost to history. It is mentioned that a manuscript called Ratnakar Purana supposedly contained these names, which was translated into Persian by order of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, but both the original and the translation are now lost. Later Muslim historians are said to have provided a fabricated list of 35 names ending in -Khan.

How did the Pandava Dynasty emerge in Kashmir according to one account?

According to one account mentioned, after Gonanda II was killed, Parikshit handed over Kashmir to his second son, Harnadeva, which led to the rise of the Pandava Dynasty. Harnadeva eventually lost a succession war against Janamejaya but remained King of Kashmir.

Who founded the Kashmira Naga Dynasty, and what was a notable achievement attributed to him?

Lava, a descendant of Gonanda I belonging to the Naga Dynasty, founded the Kashmira Naga Dynasty. He is credited with establishing a city named Lolora (Lolab) in Kashmir, which, according to the Rajatarangini, contained 84 lakh stone-walled houses.

Which ruler is noted as the first Buddhist king of Kashmir, and what did they establish?

Surendra, son of Khagendra, is identified as the first Buddhist king of Kashmir. He established the Buddhist culture of Saman culture in the region.

Who is identified as Ashoka in the context of Kashmir's early rulers, and what are the complexities surrounding this identification?

The text mentions an Ashoka, son of Shachinara's first cousin, who built a city called Srinagara and adopted the doctrine of Jina. While Kalhana places this Ashoka in the 2nd millennium BCE, scholars often identify him with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka who adopted Buddhism. The text notes that 'Jina' can sometimes refer to the Buddha, and this Ashoka constructed stupas and Shiva temples.

What actions are attributed to Jalauka (Jaloka) during his reign?

Jalauka (Jaloka) was a staunch Shaivite who constructed several Shiva temples. He is also credited with ridding the country of the 'mlechchhas,' who are suggested to be Greco-Bactrians.

Which Buddhist kings of Turashka origin are mentioned, and who is identified with one of them?

The Buddhist kings Hushka, Jushka, and Kanishka of Turashka origin are mentioned. The third king, Kanishka, is identified with Kanishka of the Kushan Empire.

What conflict arose during Abhimanyu I's reign concerning religious practices?

During Abhimanyu I's reign, while Shaivism and Buddhism coexisted, the rising Buddhist influence led people to abandon Shaivite Naga rites. This angered the Nagas, who then persecuted Buddhists, causing disorder. The king retired, and a Brahmin named Chandradeva restored Shaivite rites.

What significant event marked the reign of Gonanda III?

Gonanda III founded a new dynasty, the Gonanditya dynasty (I), and restored the Naga rites. He belonged to the lineage of Rama and ruled for 35 years, beginning in 1182 BCE.

Which ruler is associated with a Shivalinga that could be seen in Kalhana's time, and what was their reign length?

Ravana is the ruler associated with a Shivalinga that was visible during Kalhana's time. His reign lasted for 30 years and 6 months.

What challenges did Nara I (Kinnara) face, and what were the consequences?

Nara I (Kinnara) faced a situation where his queen eloped with a Buddhist monk. In response, he destroyed Buddhist monasteries and gave their lands to Brahmins. He also attempted to abduct a Naga woman, the wife of a Brahmin, which led to the Naga chief burning down the king's city, resulting in the king's death in the fire.

Describe the reign and character of Mihirakula as presented in the text.

Mihirakula, who reigned for 70 years starting in 735 BCE, is described as a cruel ruler. Kalhana states he ordered numerous killings, invaded the Sinhala Kingdom, and caused rulers of other kingdoms to flee. He also performed acts of extreme cruelty, such as killing women and their families based on a dream, and eventually committed self-immolation in his old age.

Who was Vaka (Baka), and how did his reign end?

Vaka (Baka) was a virtuous king who reigned for 63 years and 18 days, starting in 665 BCE. His reign ended tragically when he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons.

What is noted about Vasunanda's reign?

Vasunanda reigned for 52 years and 2 months, starting in 572 BCE. He is described as the 'Originator of the science of love'.

What actions did Gopaditya take regarding Brahmins?

Gopaditya, who reigned for 60 years and 6 days starting in 400 BCE, gave lands to Brahmins. He also expelled several irreligious Brahmins who consumed garlic, and brought in others from foreign countries to replace them.

What led to the deposition of Yudhisthira I?

Yudhisthira I, also known as 'the blind' due to his small eyes, was deposed by rebellious ministers. This occurred in his later years when he began patronizing unwise individuals, causing wise courtiers to desert him. He was granted asylum by a neighboring king.

Who are the rulers listed under the 'Other rulers' section, and what is significant about them?

The 'Other rulers' section lists Pratapaditya I, Jalauka (son of Pratapaditya), Tungjina I, Vijaya, Jayendra, and Sandhimati alias Aryaraja. These rulers collectively reigned for 192 years, and importantly, no kings mentioned in this specific section have been traced in any other historical source.

What notable actions are attributed to Meghavahana?

Meghavahana, who reigned for 34 years starting in 25 CE, banned animal slaughter and compensated those who relied on hunting. He patronized Brahmins, and his queens supported the construction of Buddhist viharas and monasteries. He also subdued kings in regions as far as the Sinhala Kingdom, compelling them to cease animal slaughter.

Who were Hiranya and Toramana, and what coin-related event occurred between them?

Hiranya and his brother Toramana were co-regents. Toramana was the son of Hiranya's brother. Hiranya imprisoned Toramana when Toramana began issuing coins in his own name. Toramana's son, Pravarasena, later freed him. Coins bearing the name Toramana have been found and are identified by some with the Huna ruler Toramana.

According to Kalhana, who appointed Matrigupta as ruler of Kashmir, and what was his relationship with Pravarasena?

According to Kalhana, Emperor Vikramaditya (also known as Harsha) of Ujjayini appointed his friend and poet, Matrigupta, as the ruler of Kashmir after defeating the Shakas. After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favor of Pravarasena.

What is Pravarasena II credited with, and how is his city identified?

Pravarasena II is credited with founding a city called Pravarapura. Later historians identify this city with the modern city of Srinagar based on topographical details. Historical evidence suggests a king named Pravarasena ruled Kashmir in the 6th century CE.

What unusual characteristic is mentioned about Jayendra?

Jayendra, son of Vijaya, is noted for having 'long arms that reached to his knees.' His reign was also marked by his ministers instigating him against his minister Sandhimati, leading to Sandhimati's persecution and imprisonment.

What led Sandhimati to willingly give up the throne?

Sandhimati, also known as Aryaraja, ascended the throne reluctantly at his guru's request. He was a devout Shaivite who preferred spending his time in forest retreats with sages. Because he was unwilling to actively rule, his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a descendant of Yudhishthira I, and Sandhimati willingly relinquished the throne.

What is the approximate period of the Karkota dynasty's rule in Kashmir?

The Karkota dynasty ruled Kashmir approximately from 625 CE to 855 CE.

Who was the most prominent ruler of the Karkota dynasty mentioned, and what was his reign length?

Muktapida, also known as Lalitaditya I, is a prominent ruler of the Karkota dynasty. His reign lasted for 36 years, 7 months, and 11 days, beginning in 703 CE.

What is the approximate period of the Utpala dynasty's rule in Kashmir?

The Utpala dynasty ruled Kashmir approximately from 855 CE to 1012 CE.

Who was the last ruler of the Utpala dynasty listed, and what was her reign period?

The last ruler listed for the Utpala dynasty is Didda, whose reign spanned from 980 CE to 1009 or 1012 CE.

What is the approximate period of the Lohar dynasty's rule in Kashmir?

The Lohar dynasty ruled Kashmir approximately from 1003 CE to 1339 CE.

Which ruler of the Lohar dynasty is noted for dying in 1101 CE?

Harsha of Kashmir is noted as having died in 1101 CE, during the period of the Lohar dynasty.

Who were the last two rulers mentioned for the Lohar dynasty, and what were their significant roles?

The last two rulers mentioned for the Lohar dynasty were Rinchan and Kota Rani. Rinchan initially ruled as Maharaja of Kashmir from November 1320 and then as Sultan of Kashmir until November 1323. Kota Rani ruled from 1338 to 1339 CE.

What period does the Kashmir Sultanate cover, and which dynasties are mentioned within it?

The Kashmir Sultanate period spans approximately from 1320/1339 CE to 1589 CE. The dynasties mentioned within this period are the Bhoti dynasty, the Shah Mir dynasty, the Chak dynasty, the Baihaqi dynasty, and a restored Chak dynasty.

Who was the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty, and what was his titular name and reign?

The founder of the Shah Mir dynasty was Shah Mir, who reigned as Shamsu'd-Din Shah from July 4, 1339, to July 6, 1342.

Who is identified as the most significant ruler of the Shah Mir dynasty, and what were his reign dates?

Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah, also known as Shahb Khān, is identified as a significant ruler of the Shah Mir dynasty. He had two reign periods: from February 20, 1418, to December 1419, and then restored from July 7, 1420, to April 5, 1470. He is also referred to as Zayn al-Abidin the Great.

What is notable about Muhammad Shah's rule during the Shah Mir dynasty?

Muhammad Shah had multiple, non-consecutive reigns during the Shah Mir dynasty, from 1484 to 1537. The text specifically notes that he had five separate reigns during this period.

Which dynasty followed the Shah Mir dynasty, and who was its first ruler?

The Chak dynasty followed the Shah Mir dynasty. Its first ruler listed is Ghazi Shah, who reigned as Muḥammad Humāyūn from 1561 to 1563 CE.

Who was the last ruler of the Chak dynasty before the Baihaqi dynasty, and what was his titular name?

The last ruler of the Chak dynasty before the Baihaqi dynasty was Yousuf Shah, who reigned as Nasiru'd-Din Ghazi from December 1578 to February 1579.

Who ruled during the brief Baihaqi dynasty period?

Mubarak Ghazi, also known as Sayyid Mubarak or Mubarak Baihaqi, ruled during the Baihaqi dynasty period from February 1579 to November 1579.

What happened to Yakub Shah Chak's rule in 1586?

Yakub Shah Chak was dethroned by the Mughals on October 14, 1586. However, he continued to use the title of Sultan of Kashmir until 1589.

What period does Mughal Kashmir refer to, and who was the first Mughal emperor to annex Kashmir?

Mughal Kashmir refers to the period from approximately 1586 to 1752 CE. Emperor Akbar was the first Mughal emperor to annex Kashmir in 1586, ending its independence and making it a province (subah) of the empire.

Which Mughal emperor is listed as the last to rule Kashmir?

Ahmad Shah Bahadur is listed as the last Mughal emperor to rule Kashmir, from 1748 to 1752.

Who ruled Kashmir during the Durrani Empire's initial period (c. 1752–1754 CE)?

Ahmad Shah Durrani established the Durrani dynasty and Empire and ruled Kashmir during the initial period of the Durrani Empire from 1752 to 1754 CE.

Who was the sole ruler mentioned for the brief 'Raja of Kashmir' period (c. 1754–1762 CE)?

The sole ruler mentioned for the period of Raja of Kashmir from 1754 to 1762 CE was Sukh Jiwan Mal Sahni, who held the titular name Raja Jiwan.

List the Durrani rulers who governed Kashmir during the restored Durrani Empire (c. 1762–1819 CE).

The Durrani rulers who governed Kashmir during the restored period were Ahmad Shah Durrani (1762–1772), Timur Shah Durrani (1772–1793), Zaman Shah Durrani (1793–1801), Mahmud Shah Durrani (1801–1803 and 1809–1818), Shah Shujah Durrani (1803–1809), and Ali Shah Durrani (1818–1819).

What was the status of Kashmir during the Sikh Empire period (c. 1819–1846 CE)?

During the Sikh Empire period, Kashmir was governed by a series of nominal and acting governors appointed by the Sikh rulers, rather than by monarchs of Kashmir itself.

Who was the first governor of Kashmir under Sikh rule, and who succeeded him?

The first governor of Kashmir under Sikh rule was Diwan Moti Ram, who served from late 1819 to 1820. He was succeeded by Hari Singh Nalwa in 1820.

Who established the State of Jammu and Kashmir as a princely state, and when?

The State of Jammu and Kashmir was established as a princely state under the Dogra dynasty, with Maharaja Gulab Singh as its first ruler. His reign began on March 16, 1846.

List Of Monarchs Of Kashmir Wiki: Chronicles of the Throne: Kashmir's Royal Lineage

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Introduction

The Royal Tapestry

This compilation details the monarchs of Kashmir, tracing a lineage from the establishment of the Gonanda dynasty around 1400 BCE. It chronicles the succession of rulers through various eras, including the ancient kingdoms, the medieval Sultanate, Mughal and Durrani rule, the Sikh period, and the Dogra Maharajas, culminating in the integration of Kashmir into the Republic of India in 1952.

Historical Sources

The primary source for the early history of Kashmir's monarchs is Kalhana's seminal work, the Rajatarangini. While this text provides invaluable insights, it is important to note that historical accounts, particularly for ancient periods, may contain mythological elements or variations in dating. Later periods are supplemented by inscriptions, coins, and chronicles from successive ruling powers.

Territorial Evolution

The extent of the Kingdom of Kashmir has varied significantly throughout its history. This list primarily focuses on the rulers who held sway over the Kashmir Valley and surrounding regions, acknowledging that periods of fragmentation and external domination altered the political landscape and the nature of rulership.

Major Dynasties

Gonanda Dynasty

The earliest recorded dynasty, believed to have ruled for over a millennium. Its history is largely derived from Kalhana's Rajatarangini, detailing rulers like Gonanda I, Ashoka (potentially the Mauryan emperor), and Jalauka.

Gonanda Dynasty (I)

Gonanda I (c. 1400 BCE)
Damodara I
Yashovati
Gonanda II
(35 kings, names lost)
Lava
Kusheshaya
Khagendra
Surendra
Godhara
Suvarna
Janaka
Shachinara
Ashoka (c. 2nd millennium BCE)
Jalauka
Damodara II
Hushka, Jushka, Kanishka
Abhimanyu I

Gonanditya Dynasty (I)

Gonanda III (1182 BCE)
Vibhishana I (1147 BCE)
Indrajit (1094 BCE)
Ravana
Vibhishana II (1058 BCE)
Nara I (Kinnara) (983 BCE)
Siddha (923 BCE)
Utpalaksha (893 BCE)
Hiranyaksha (855 BCE)
Hiranyakula (795 BCE)
Vasukula (Mukula) (735 BCE)
Mihirakula (665 BCE)
Vaka (Baka) (602 BCE)
Kshitinanda (572 BCE)
Vasunanda (520 BCE)
Nara II (460 BCE)
Aksha (400 BCE)
Gopaditya (340 BCE)
Gokarna (282 BCE)
Narendraditya I (Khingkhila) (246 BCE)
Yudhisthira I

Other Rulers (Various Dynasties)

Pratapaditya I (167 BCE)
Jalauka (135 BCE)
Tungjina I (103 BCE)
Vijaya (67 BCE)
Jayendra (59 BCE)
Sandhimati alias Aryaraja (22 BCE)

Karkota & Utpala Dynasties

The Karkota dynasty (c. 625–855 CE) rose to prominence with rulers like Durlabhavardhana and the renowned Lalitaditya Muktapida. This was followed by the Utpala dynasty (c. 855–1012 CE), marked by figures such as Avantivarman and the influential Queen Didda.

Karkota Dynasty (c. 625–855 CE)

Durlabhavardhana (Prajnaditya) (598 CE)
Durlabhaka (Pratapaditya II) (634 CE)
Chandrapida (Vajraditya I) (694 CE)
Tarapida (Udayaditya) (703 CE)
Muktapida (Lalitaditya I) (703 CE)
Kuvalayapida (739 CE)
Vajraditya II (Bappiyaka) (746 CE)
Prithivyapida I (750 CE)
Sangramapida I (750 CE)
Jayapida (Vinayaditya); Jajja (781 CE)
Lalitapida (793 CE)
Sangramapida II (Prithivyapida II) (805 CE)
Chippatajayapida (Brhspati) (812 CE)
Ajitapida (830 CE)
Anangapida (867 CE)
Utpalapida (870 CE)

Utpala Dynasty (c. 855–1012 CE)

Avantivarman (853/855–883 CE)
Shankaravarman (883–902 CE)
Gopalavarman (902–904 CE)
Sankata (904 CE)
Sugandha (904–906 CE)
Partha (906–921 CE)
Nirjitavarman (921–922 CE)
Chakravarman (922–933 CE)
Shuravarman I (933–934 CE)
Partha (2nd reign) (934–935 CE)
Chakravarman (2nd reign) (935 CE)
Shankaravardhana (935–936 CE)
Chakravarman (3rd reign) (936–937 CE)
Unmattavanti (937–939 CE)
Shuravarman II (939 CE)
Yashaskara-deva (939 CE)
Varnata (948 CE)
Sangramadeva (948 CE)
Parvagupta (948–950 CE)
Kshemagupta (950–958 CE)
Abhimanyu II (958–972 CE)
Nandigupta (972–973 CE)
Tribhuvanagupta (973–975 CE)
Bhimagupta (975–980 CE)
Didda (980–1009/1012 CE)

Sultanate & Mughal Era

The transition to the Sultanate period saw the rise of the Shah Mir dynasty (c. 1339–1561 CE), including figures like Sikandar Butshikan and Zayn al-Abidin. This was followed by the Chak dynasty and subsequent Mughal suzerainty, which integrated Kashmir as a province of the vast empire.

Lohar Dynasty (c. 1003–1339 CE)

Sangramaraja (1003 CE)
Hariraja (1028 CE)
Ananta-deva (1028 CE)
Kalasha (1063 CE)
Utkarsha (1089 CE)
Harsha (d. 1101 CE)
Uchchala (1101 CE)
Sussala
Jayasimha (1111 CE)
Paramanuka (1123 CE)
Vantideva (until 1165 CE)
Vuppadeva (1172 CE)
Jassaka (1181 CE)
Jagadeva (1199 CE)
Rājadeva (1213 CE)
Samgrāmadeva (1235 CE)
Laksmandadeva (1273 CE)
Simhadeva (1286 CE)
Sūhadeva (1301 CE)
Rinchan (1320–1323 CE)
Udayanadeva (1323 CE)
Kota Rani (1338–1339 CE)

Kashmir Sultanate (c. 1339–1589 CE)

Shah Mir Dynasty
Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh (Shāh Mīr) (1339–1342 CE)
Jamshīd Shāh (1342–1343 CE)
Alāu'd-Dīn Shāh (Alī Shēr) (1343–1354 CE)
Shihābu'd-Dīn Shāh (Shīrashāmak) (1354–1373 CE)
Qutbu'd-Dīn Shāh (Hindāl) (1373–1389 CE)
Sikandar Shāh (Shingāra) (1389–1413 CE)
Alī Shāh (Mīr Khān) (1413–1418 CE)
Ghiyāsu'd-Dīn Shāh (Shāhīb Khān) (1418–1470 CE)
Haider Shāh (Hājī Khān) (1470–1472 CE)
Hasan Shāh (Hasan Khān) (1472–1484 CE)
Muhammad Shāh (Muhammad Khān) (1484–1505, 1514–1515, 1517–1528 CE)
Fatēh Shāh (Fatēh Khān) (1486–1493, 1505–1514, 1515–1517 CE)
Ibrahīm Shāh (Ibrahīm Khān) (1528–1528 CE)
Nāzuk Shāh (Nādir Shāh) (1528–1530, 1540–1552 CE)
Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh II (1537–1540 CE)
Ismā'īl Shāh (Ismā'īl Khān) (1540, 1555–1557 CE)
Habīb Shāh (Habīb Khān) (1557–1561 CE)
Chak Dynasty
Muḥammad Humāyūn (Ghāzī Shāh) (1561–1563 CE)
Nasiru'd-Dīn (Husain Shāh) (1563–1570 CE)
Zahīru'd-Dīn Muhammad Alī (Alī Shāh) (1570–1578 CE)
Nasiru'd-Dīn Ghāzī (Yousuf Shāh) (1578–1579 CE)
Baihaqi Dynasty
Mubarak Ghāzī (Mubarak Baihaqi) (1579 CE)
Restored Chak Dynasty
Lohar Ghāzī (Lohar Khān) (1579–1580 CE)
Nasiru'd-Dīn Ghāzī (Yousuf Shāh) (1580–1586 CE)
Ismā'īl Shāh (Yakub Shāh) (1586–1589 CE)

Mughal Kashmir (c. 1586–1752 CE)

Akbar (1586–1605)
Jahangir (1605–1627)
Shayarar Mirza (1627–1628)
Shah Jahan I (1628–1657)
Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
Shah Jahan II (1719)
Nikusiyar (1719)
Muhammad Shah (1719–1748)
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1752)

Durrani, Sikh, Dogra Eras

Following Mughal rule, Kashmir came under the Durrani Empire, followed by a brief independent kingdom, and then the Sikh Empire. The modern era began with the establishment of the State of Jammu and Kashmir under Maharaja Gulab Singh of the Dogra dynasty.

Durrani Empire (c. 1752–1762 CE)

Ahmad Shah Durrani (1752–1754)

Kingdom of Kashmir (1754–1762 CE)

Raja Sukh Jiwan Mal Sahni (1754–1762)

Durrani Empire (Restored) (c. 1762–1819 CE)

Ahmad Shah Durrani (1762–1772)
Timur Shah Durrani (1772–1793)
Zaman Shah Durrani (1793–1801)
Mahmud Shah Durrani (1801–1803)
Shah Shujah Durrani (1803–1809)
Mahmud Shah Durrani (2nd reign) (1809–1818)
Ali Shah Durrani (1818–1819)

Sikh Empire Governors (c. 1819–1846 CE)

Diwan Moti Ram (1819–1820, 1821–1825)
Hari Singh Nalwa (1820–1821)
Diwan Chuni Lal (1825–1826)
Diwan Kirpa Ram (1827–1830)
Maha Singh (1830)
Bhima Singh Ardali (1830–1831)
Kanwar Sher Singh (1831–1834)
Mihan Singh Kumedan (1834–1841)
Shaikh Gholam Muhyi Addin (1841–1845)
Shaikh Imam-ud-Din (1845–1846)

State of Jammu and Kashmir (Dogra Dynasty) (c. 1846–1952 CE)

Maharaja Gulab Singh (1846–1856)
Maharaja Ranbir Singh (1856–1885)
Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885–1925)
Maharaja Hari Singh (1925–1952)

Key Historical Periods

Ancient Kingdoms

The early history is dominated by the Gonanda and subsequent dynasties, as chronicled in the Rajatarangini. This era saw the influence of figures like Ashoka, the Kushan kings Hushka, Jushka, and Kanishka, and rulers who patronized both Shaivite and Buddhist traditions.

Medieval Sultanate

From the 14th century, Kashmir transitioned into the Sultanate period, beginning with the Shah Mir dynasty. This era was characterized by the introduction of Islam, significant cultural developments, and periods of internal strife and succession disputes, notably involving multiple reigns by Muhammad Shah and Fateh Shah.

Imperial Rule

Kashmir was successively integrated into larger empires. The Mughals annexed the region in 1586, followed by the Durrani Empire. Later, the Sikh Empire conquered Kashmir in 1819, marking a period of significant administrative and economic changes before the rise of the Dogra state.

Modern Era

Dogra Dynasty

The Dogra dynasty, founded by Maharaja Gulab Singh, established the princely State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846. His successors, Ranbir Singh, Pratap Singh, and Hari Singh, ruled until the state's accession to India in 1947 and its official merger in 1952, marking the end of hereditary monarchy.

State of Jammu and Kashmir (Dogra Dynasty) (c. 1846–1952 CE)

Maharaja Gulab Singh (1846–1856)
Maharaja Ranbir Singh (1856–1885)
Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885–1925)
Maharaja Hari Singh (1925–1952)

Accession and Merger

Following the partition of British India in 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession, integrating Jammu and Kashmir into the Dominion of India. This event marked the formal end of the princely state and its monarchy, ushering in a new constitutional era.

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References

Obverse: Standing king with two figured seated below. Name "Pravarasena". Reverse: goddess seated on a lion. Legend "KidÄra".

A full list of references for this article are available at the List of monarchs of Kashmir Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Historical Context and Accuracy

This page has been generated by an AI based on historical texts, primarily Kalhana's Rajatarangini and other scholarly sources. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the provided source material, historical accounts, especially for ancient periods, can be subject to interpretation and may include mythological elements. The dates and details presented are based on the best available information from the source and are intended for educational and informational purposes.

This is not a substitute for professional historical research or consultation. Users are encouraged to consult primary sources and academic literature for in-depth study. The creators are not responsible for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on the information provided.

Chronicles of the Throne

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Introduction ℹ️

👑 The Royal Tapestry

📜 Historical Sources

🗺️ Territorial Evolution

Major Dynasties 🏛️

⏳ Gonanda Dynasty

Gonanda Dynasty (I)

Gonanditya Dynasty (I)

Other Rulers (Various Dynasties)

⚔️ Karkota & Utpala Dynasties

Karkota Dynasty (c. 625–855 CE)

Utpala Dynasty (c. 855–1012 CE)

🕌 Sultanate & Mughal Era

Lohar Dynasty (c. 1003–1339 CE)

Kashmir Sultanate (c. 1339–1589 CE)

Mughal Kashmir (c. 1586–1752 CE)

⚔️ Durrani, Sikh, Dogra Eras

Durrani Empire (c. 1752–1762 CE)

Kingdom of Kashmir (1754–1762 CE)

Durrani Empire (Restored) (c. 1762–1819 CE)

Sikh Empire Governors (c. 1819–1846 CE)

State of Jammu and Kashmir (Dogra Dynasty) (c. 1846–1952 CE)

Key Historical Periods ⏳

🏛️ Ancient Kingdoms

🕌 Medieval Sultanate

⚔️ Imperial Rule

Modern Era 📅

⭐ Dogra Dynasty

State of Jammu and Kashmir (Dogra Dynasty) (c. 1846–1952 CE)

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📚 Key Figures

📖 Primary Sources

🌍 Regional Context

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References

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📜 Historical Context and Accuracy

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Introduction

The Royal Tapestry

Historical Sources

Territorial Evolution

Major Dynasties

Gonanda Dynasty

Karkota & Utpala Dynasties

Sultanate & Mughal Era

Durrani, Sikh, Dogra Eras

Key Historical Periods

Ancient Kingdoms

Medieval Sultanate

Imperial Rule

Modern Era

Dogra Dynasty

Accession and Merger

Related Topics

Key Figures

Primary Sources

Regional Context

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Historical Context and Accuracy