What is the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and where is it located?

The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is a United States federal research institute. It is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is situated in Bethesda, Maryland.

When was the NHGRI initially established, and what was its original name?

The NHGRI originated as the Office of Human Genome Research within the Office of the Director at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1988. It was later transitioned to the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) in 1989.

What was the primary role of the NCHGR when it was established in 1989?

The National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) was established to carry out the NIH's role in the International Human Genome Project (HGP). This significant international collaboration aimed to sequence the entire human genome.

What was the significance of the memorandum of understanding signed between the NIH and the Department of Energy (DOE) in 1988?

In October 1988, the NIH and the Department of Energy (DOE) signed a memorandum of understanding to coordinate their research and technical activities related to the human genome. This collaboration was crucial for the ambitious Human Genome Project.

When did the International Human Genome Project officially begin, and what was its main objective?

The International Human Genome Project began in 1990 with the primary objective of sequencing the complete human genome. This monumental undertaking involved international collaboration and significant technological advancements.

How did the NHGRI expand its role on the NIH campus in 1993?

In 1993, the NCHGR expanded its operations by establishing the Division of Intramural Research (DIR). This division was created to apply genome technologies directly to the study of specific human diseases within the institute.

What was the purpose of establishing the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) in 1996?

The Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) was established in 1996, co-funded by eight NIH institutes and centers. Its purpose was to investigate the genetic components underlying complex human disorders.

When did the NCHGR officially become the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), and what did this signify?

In 1997, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) renamed the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). This change officially elevated its status to that of a research institute, recognizing its significant contributions and expanding scope within the NIH structure.

What major milestone did NHGRI announce in April 2003 regarding the human genome?

In April 2003, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) announced the successful sequencing of the human genome. This was a landmark achievement in biological and medical research.

Was the April 2003 announcement the absolute final completion of the human genome sequence?

No, while the April 2003 announcement marked a significant completion, there were still gaps in the sequence. These gaps were fully addressed with the release of the T2T-CHM13 sequence by the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium in 2022.

How is the NHGRI organizationally structured?

NHGRI is structured into seven divisions and the Office of the Director. Four of these divisions focus on extramural research (grant funding), one coordinates intramural research, one handles administration, management, and budget, and one manages communications, policy, and education.

What were the key dates in the early history of NHGRI as listed in the timeline?

Key early dates include October 1, 1988, when the Office for Human Genome Research was created; April 11, 1996, when human DNA sequencing pilot studies began; March 1999, when large-scale sequencing commenced; and April 2003, when NHGRI celebrated the completion of the human genome sequence.

What was the Multiplex Initiative launched in 2007, and which organizations were involved?

Launched on May 4, 2007, the Multiplex Initiative was a study to investigate the interest level of healthy, young adults in receiving genetic testing for eight common conditions. It was a collaboration between NHGRI, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Group Health Cooperative in Seattle, and Henry Ford Health System in Detroit.

Who served as the Director of NHGRI for a significant period, and who succeeded him?

Francis S. Collins served as the Director of NHGRI for fifteen years, stepping down on August 1, 2008. Alan Edward Guttmacher was appointed as the acting director following Collins' departure.

Who is the current Director of NHGRI, and when did they assume the role?

Eric D. Green, M.D., Ph.D. was appointed as the Director of The National Human Genome Research Institute on December 1, 2009. This was notable as it was the first time an institute director rose to lead the entire NIH and then selected their own successor.

Who was the first Director of NHGRI, and when did their term end?

James Watson was the first Director of NHGRI, serving from 1989. His term ended on April 10, 1992.

Who served as acting director after James Watson's departure?

Michael M. Gottesman served as the acting director of NHGRI from April 11, 1992, to April 3, 1993, following James Watson's resignation.

Who succeeded Francis Collins as acting director, and when?

Alan Edward Guttmacher succeeded Francis Collins as acting director, serving from August 2, 2008, to November 30, 2009.

What is the ELSI program within NHGRI, and what percentage of the budget did it initially receive?

The ELSI (Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications) program was established in 1990 as part of the Human Genome Project. Initially, it was allocated 5% of NHGRI's annual budget to explore the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic research.

What are the current priorities of the ELSI program?

The ELSI program's current priorities focus on the ethical applications of genomics as they relate to communities, families, and individuals. This includes areas such as healthcare, research, defense, intellectual property, regulation, policy, and broader societal issues.

When were the Centers for Excellence in ELSI research (CEER) established, and who funded them?

The ELSI program established the Centers for Excellence in ELSI research (CEER) in 2004. Funding for these centers came from substantial contributions from the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, alongside NHGRI's budget.

Can you list the initial CEER centers established in 2004?

The initial CEER centers established in 2004 were: Case Western Reserve University's Center for Genetic Research Ethics and Law (CGREAL), Duke University's Center for the Study of Public Genomics, Stanford University School of Medicine's Center for Integration of Research on Genetics and Ethics, and the University of Washington's Center for Genomics and Healthcare Equality (CGHE).

What was the specific focus of the University of Washington's Center for Genomics and Healthcare Equality (CGHE)?

The University of Washington's Center for Genomics and Healthcare Equality (CGHE) focused on the equitable distribution and use of translational genome research, particularly within underserved and marginalized communities. It employed several cores to address health disparities, genomic research, and outreach education, including the Partnership core, the Genome Sciences core, the Healthcare Decision-making core, and the Indigenous Genomics Alliance.

The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is publicly funded. It also publishes funding mechanisms to support its research, particularly for ELSI research as it moves towards a translational model.

What was the approximate funding level for NHGRI in Fiscal Year 2020?

In Fiscal Year 2020, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which includes NHGRI, received approximately $650.6 million in funding.

What is the official website for the National Human Genome Research Institute?

The official website for the National Human Genome Research Institute is https://www.genome.gov/.

What is the significance of the logo image associated with NHGRI?

The logo image represents the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). It serves as a visual identifier for the organization.

What is the parent department of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

The parent department of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).

Who is the current Acting Director of NHGRI as of the information provided?

As of the provided information, Vence L. Bonham Jr. is listed as the Acting Director.

What is the role of the Division of Intramural Research (DIR) within NHGRI?

The Division of Intramural Research (DIR) is part of NHGRI's organizational structure and focuses on conducting research directly on the NIH campus. Its specific aim is to apply genome technologies to the study of particular diseases.

What is the purpose of the 'See also' section in the article?

The 'See also' section lists related individuals, resources, or concepts that may be of interest to readers seeking further information on topics connected to NHGRI. Examples include specific researchers like Julie Segre and Ellen Sidransky, and resources like the Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms.

What does the 'Authority control' section typically provide?

The 'Authority control' section provides links to databases that help uniquely identify the subject of the article, NHGRI. These databases include international identifiers like ISNI and VIAF, as well as national ones like the Library of Congress, helping to ensure consistency and accuracy in cataloging and referencing information about the institute.

What is the significance of the coordinates provided at the end of the article?

The coordinates (39°00'01"N 77°06'12"W) indicate the geographical location of the National Human Genome Research Institute, placing it in Bethesda, Maryland.

What is the relationship between NHGRI and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

NHGRI is an institute that is part of the larger National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH itself falls under the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

What does the acronym NHGRI stand for?

NHGRI stands for the National Human Genome Research Institute.

What does the acronym NCHGR stand for?

NCHGR stands for the National Center for Human Genome Research.

What does the acronym ELSI stand for in the context of NHGRI's research program?

ELSI stands for Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications, referring to the research program within NHGRI that examines the societal impact of genomic research.

What does the acronym CEER stand for?

CEER stands for Centers for Excellence in ELSI research, which are research centers funded to study the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic advancements.

What is the purpose of the 'Navbox' at the end of the article?

The Navbox serves as a navigational tool, providing links to related entities within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) structure, such as other institutes, centers, programs, and past directors. It helps users explore related information within the NIH ecosystem.

What was the role of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in the Human Genome Project?

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) collaborated with the NIH on the Human Genome Project, signing a memorandum of understanding in 1988 to coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome. The DOE also provided substantial funding for the ELSI program's CEER centers.

What is the significance of the 'acting' designation for some directors listed in the table?

The 'acting' designation indicates that these individuals held the position of director on an interim basis, rather than being formally appointed to the permanent role. This is often a temporary measure while a permanent successor is sought.

What does the note about italicized names in the NIH Navbox signify?

The note indicates that individuals whose names are presented in italics within the NIH Navbox are acting officeholders, meaning they are serving in a temporary capacity.

What is the primary function of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It comprises numerous institutes and centers, including NHGRI, dedicated to advancing knowledge and improving health.

What is the relationship between NHGRI and the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)?

NHGRI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which in turn is part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Therefore, DHHS is the overarching federal department responsible for NHGRI.

What does the 'short description' field indicate for the NHGRI article?

The 'short description' field indicates that NHGRI is a U.S. health institute, providing a concise summary of its nature.

What is the significance of the T2T-CHM13 release mentioned in the article?

The T2T-CHM13 release, achieved by the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium in 2022, is significant because it filled the remaining gaps in the human genome sequence, complementing the initial sequencing announced in 2003.

What is the purpose of the 'External links' section?

The 'External links' section provides direct links to the official website of NHGRI and archived copies of specific CEER center information, allowing users to access further resources and official documentation.

National Human Genome Research Institute Wiki: Decoding the Blueprint: NHGRI's Journey in Genomics

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

About NHGRI

U.S. Health Institute

The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is a vital institute within the National Institutes of Health (NIH), strategically located in Bethesda, Maryland. It stands at the forefront of research dedicated to understanding the human genome and its implications.

Global Impact

NHGRI's work extends beyond national borders, contributing significantly to international scientific endeavors like the Human Genome Project. Its research impacts global health, ethical considerations, and the future of medicine.

Mission Focus

The institute is committed to advancing the understanding of human biology and disease through genomics. This includes developing new research technologies, applying genomic discoveries to clinical practice, and addressing the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genomic research.

A Legacy of Discovery

Foundational Years

NHGRI's origins trace back to the Office for Human Genome Research, established within the NIH Director's Office in 1988. This office soon transitioned into the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) in 1989, tasked with spearheading the NIH's role in the groundbreaking International Human Genome Project (HGP).

The HGP, a collaborative effort with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), commenced in 1990 with the ambitious goal of sequencing the entire human genome. By 1993, NCHGR expanded its scope on the NIH campus, establishing the Division of Intramural Research (DIR) to leverage genome technologies for studying specific diseases.

Evolution and Milestones

In 1997, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services officially redesignated NCHGR as the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), elevating its status to that of a full research institute. This marked a significant step in its evolution.

A monumental achievement was announced in April 2003: the successful sequencing of the human genome. While initial sequencing was declared complete, further efforts continued, culminating in the release of the T2T-CHM13 sequence by the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium in 2022, filling the final gaps.

October 1, 1988: Office for Human Genome Research created within NIH. NIH and DOE sign MOU to coordinate genome research.
April 11, 1996: Pilot studies for human DNA sequencing begin at six U.S. universities.
March 1999: Large-scale sequencing of the human genome commences.
April 2003: NHGRI celebrates the completion of the human genome sequence and the 50th anniversary of the DNA double helix discovery.
May 4, 2007: NHGRI and NCI launch the Multiplex Initiative to study interest in genetic testing for common conditions among healthy adults.
May 28, 2008: Francis S. Collins steps down as Director. Alan Edward Guttmacher appointed acting director.
November 17, 2009: Eric D. Green appointed as the new Director of NHGRI.

Organizational Framework

Institute Structure

NHGRI operates with a robust organizational structure comprising seven distinct divisions and the Office of the Director. This framework ensures comprehensive coverage of its research and administrative functions.

Research Support

Four of NHGRI's divisions are dedicated to supporting extramural research, managing the institute's grant-making activities and fostering scientific collaborations nationwide. This outward-facing approach ensures broad impact and diverse research initiatives.

Intramural & Outreach

One division focuses on coordinating the intramural research program, conducting cutting-edge studies directly on the NIH campus. Another division handles administration, management, and budget oversight. A dedicated public-facing division houses communications, policy, and education teams, ensuring broad dissemination of genomic knowledge.

Leadership Through Time

Directors of NHGRI

NHGRI has been guided by visionary leaders since its inception. The table below outlines the directors who have shaped its trajectory, from its early days as a center to its current status as a leading research institute.

No.	Director	Took Office	Left Office	Refs.
1	James Watson	1989	April 10, 1992	[8]
acting	Michael M. Gottesman	April 11, 1992	April 3, 1993	[9]
2	Francis Collins^a	April 4, 1993	August 1, 2008	[10][11]
acting	Alan Edward Guttmacher	August 2, 2008	November 30, 2009	[12]
3	Eric D. Green^b	December 1, 2009	March 17, 2025	[13][14]
acting	Vence L. Bonham Jr.^c	March 17, 2025	April 2025	[15]
acting	Carolyn Hutter	April 2025	Present	[16]

Table Notes: ^a Became 16th NIH Director.
^b Contract not renewed.
^c On administrative leave since April 1, 2025.

Resource Allocation

Public Investment

NHGRI is a publicly funded entity, reflecting its commitment to advancing scientific knowledge for the public good. This ensures that its research priorities align with national health goals and societal needs.

Fiscal Year 2020

In Fiscal Year 2020, the institute received an NIH funding allocation of $650.6 million. This substantial investment supports a wide array of research projects, technological development, and educational initiatives.

Pioneering Research

Genomics & Health

NHGRI's research portfolio is diverse, encompassing the study of the human genome, its variations, and their role in health and disease. This includes efforts to understand complex genetic disorders and develop genomic medicine.

Technology Development

A significant focus is placed on developing innovative technologies for genome sequencing, analysis, and data management. These advancements are crucial for accelerating the pace of discovery and enabling new research avenues.

Translational Science

NHGRI actively promotes the translation of genomic discoveries into clinical practice. This involves research into how genomic information can be used to improve patient care, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies.

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)

Addressing Societal Impact

From its inception, NHGRI has dedicated a significant portion of its budget to exploring the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genomic research. This proactive approach ensures that scientific advancements are considered within their broader societal context.

CEER Centers

In 2004, the ELSI program established several Centers for Excellence in ELSI Research (CEER). These centers, funded collaboratively by NHGRI and the U.S. Department of Energy, focus on the ethical, social, and legal dimensions arising from genomic research advancements, particularly concerning communities, families, and individuals.

Case Western Reserve University's Center for Genetic Research Ethics and Law (CGREAL): Focuses on ethical frameworks and societal impacts.
Duke Center for the Study of Public Genomics: Investigates public engagement and policy related to genomics.
Stanford University School of Medicine's Center for Integration of Research on Genetics and Ethics: Bridges research, ethics, and practical applications.
University of Washington's Center for Genomics and Healthcare Equality (CGHE): Addresses health disparities and promotes equitable genomic research and application, particularly in underserved communities.

Key Terminology

Genome

The complete set of genetic material present in a cell or organism. NHGRI's foundational work involved sequencing the human genome.

Genomics

The study of genomes, including the sequencing and analysis of an organism's complete set of DNA. NHGRI is a global leader in this field.

ELSI

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications. NHGRI actively researches and addresses these critical aspects of genomic advancements.

Intramural Research

Research conducted directly on the NIH campus by NHGRI scientists, complementing its extramural grant programs.

Extramural Research

Research funded by NHGRI grants awarded to scientists and institutions across the United States and internationally.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "National Human Genome Research Institute" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about national_human_genome_research_institute while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

doctor of liberal studies

1928 united states presidential election

apostolic nunciature

References

A full list of references for this article are available at the National Human Genome Research Institute Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is derived from publicly available data, primarily Wikipedia, and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date. While efforts have been made to ensure fidelity to the source material, nuances or recent developments might not be fully captured.

This is not medical or scientific advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional consultation with qualified researchers, clinicians, or bioethicists. Always consult with experts for specific guidance related to genetics, genomics, or research ethics. Never disregard professional advice or delay in seeking it because of information found on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Decoding the Blueprint

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

About NHGRI 🏛️

🇺🇸 U.S. Health Institute

🌐 Global Impact

🔬 Mission Focus

A Legacy of Discovery 📜

📅 Foundational Years

🚀 Evolution and Milestones

Organizational Framework 🧩

🏛️ Institute Structure

📊 Research Support

🔬 Intramural & Outreach

Leadership Through Time 🧑‍💼

📜 Directors of NHGRI

Resource Allocation 💰

📈 Public Investment

📊 Fiscal Year 2020

Pioneering Research 🔬

🧬 Genomics & Health

💻 Technology Development

💡 Translational Science

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) ⚖️

🤔 Addressing Societal Impact

🌍 CEER Centers

Key Terminology 📖

🧬 Genome

🔬 Genomics

⚖️ ELSI

🧪 Intramural Research

🤝 Extramural Research

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

About NHGRI

U.S. Health Institute

Global Impact

Mission Focus

A Legacy of Discovery

Foundational Years

Evolution and Milestones

Organizational Framework

Institute Structure

Research Support

Intramural & Outreach

Leadership Through Time

Directors of NHGRI

Resource Allocation

Public Investment

Fiscal Year 2020

Pioneering Research

Genomics & Health

Technology Development

Translational Science

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)

Addressing Societal Impact

CEER Centers

Key Terminology

Genome

Genomics

ELSI

Intramural Research

Extramural Research

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice