What is Nepomuk, and where is it located within the Czech Republic?

Nepomuk is a town situated in the Plzeň-South District, which is part of the Plzeň Region in the Czech Republic. It is located approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) south of the city of Plzeň.

What is the estimated population of Nepomuk as of January 1, 2025?

As of January 1, 2025, the estimated total population of Nepomuk is 3,562 inhabitants.

For what historical figure is Nepomuk primarily known as a birthplace?

Nepomuk is renowned as the birthplace of Saint John of Nepomuk, who was born in the town around 1340. Saint John of Nepomuk is a venerated saint in the Catholic Church, particularly in Central Europe.

Who currently serves as the mayor of Nepomuk?

The current mayor of Nepomuk is Vladimír Vokurka.

When was the first written mention of Pomuk, the original name of Nepomuk?

The first written mention of Pomuk dates back to 1144, coinciding with the construction of a new Cistercian monastery nearby. Cistercians are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict.

What is the total area and elevation of Nepomuk?

Nepomuk covers a total area of 12.80 square kilometers (4.94 square miles) and has an elevation of 449 meters (1,473 feet) above sea level.

What are the geographical coordinates of Nepomuk?

Nepomuk is located at approximately 49°29′11″N latitude and 13°34′56″E longitude.

How is the name Nepomuk pronounced in Czech, and what is its German equivalent?

The Czech pronunciation of Nepomuk is approximately [ˈnɛpomuk]. In German, the town is known as Pomuk.

What are the two municipal parts that constitute Nepomuk, and what were their populations in 2021?

Nepomuk consists of two municipal parts: Nepomuk itself, with a population of 2,779 in 2021, and Dvorec, with a population of 785 in 2021.

What is the legendary origin of the town's original name, Pomuk?

According to legend, the original name Pomuk is derived from the Old Czech word 'pomoknout,' meaning 'to make wet,' referring to the rain that fell on the region after Saint Adalbert's blessing in 992.

What are the key geographical features surrounding Nepomuk?

Nepomuk lies within the Blatná Uplands. Its municipal territory's westernmost part contains the highest point, reaching 544 meters (1,785 feet) above sea level. The Mihovka Brook flows through the town, and to its east are two notable fishponds, Dvorecký rybník and Panský rybník, along with several other fishponds in the area.

What type of climate does Nepomuk experience, according to the Köppen and Trewartha classifications?

Nepomuk's climate is classified as a humid continental climate, specifically Dfb under the Köppen climate classification and Dclo under the Trewartha climate classification. A humid continental climate typically features significant seasonal temperature variations, with warm summers and cold winters.

What are the annual average temperature and precipitation figures for Nepomuk?

Nepomuk has an annual average temperature of 8.3 °C (46.9 °F) and receives an annual average precipitation of 635.2 millimeters (25.01 inches).

Which months are typically the hottest and coldest in Nepomuk, and what are their average temperatures?

July is typically the hottest month in Nepomuk, with an average temperature of 18.0 °C (64.4 °F). January is the coldest month, with an average temperature of -0.9 °C (30.4 °F).

Which months are the wettest and driest in Nepomuk in terms of precipitation?

June is the wettest month in Nepomuk, with an average of 86.1 millimeters (3.39 inches) of precipitation. February is the driest, receiving only 31.1 millimeters (1.22 inches) on average.

What were the extreme temperatures recorded in Nepomuk and on what dates did they occur?

The record low temperature in Nepomuk was -32.2 °C (-26.0 °F), recorded on February 10, 1956. The record high temperature was 39.2 °C (102.6 °F), recorded on July 27, 1983.

What was the fate of the Cistercian monastery near Pomuk in 1420?

The Cistercian monastery near Pomuk, which was built in 1144, was destroyed by the Hussite army in 1420. The site of the former monastery is now occupied by the village of Klášter.

How did Pomuk become Nepomuk, and when was it officially promoted to a town?

In 1384, Pomuk was merged with the neighboring settlement of Přešanice and subsequently renamed Nepomuk. It was then promoted to a town in 1413.

Which families acquired the properties of the destroyed Cistercian monastery?

After the destruction of the Cistercian monastery, its properties were acquired first by the Lords of Schwamberg and later by the Sternberg family.

What historical period marked the greatest development for Nepomuk, and why?

The Baroque period is associated with the greatest development of Nepomuk, as it became an important pilgrimage site during this time. The Baroque era, roughly from the early 17th to mid-18th century, was characterized by elaborate art, architecture, and religious fervor.

When and by whom was Nepomuk's town status re-confirmed after a period of uncertainty?

After a period of confusion where Nepomuk was alternately referred to as a town and a market town, its town status was officially re-confirmed by Emperor Charles VI in 1730.

What was the population trend in Nepomuk between 1869 and 2021?

Nepomuk's population fluctuated over this period. It started at 2,572 in 1869, peaked at 3,809 in 2011, and then slightly decreased to 3,564 by 2021. Notable increases occurred between 1869-1880 (+15.4%) and 1970-1980 (+22.6%), while significant decreases were seen between 1880-1890 (-10.1%) and 2011-2021 (-6.4%).

What major road and railway lines serve Nepomuk?

The I/20 road, which is part of the European route E49 connecting Plzeň to České Budějovice, passes through Nepomuk. Additionally, the town is located on the major interregional railway line between Brno and Plzeň and serves as the starting point for a local line to Blatná.

What is the main landmark in the town center of Nepomuk, and what is its architectural history?

The main landmark in Nepomuk's town center is the Church of Saint John of Nepomuk. It was originally an early Baroque church from the mid-17th century but underwent a complete rebuilding by the renowned architect Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer between 1734 and 1738.

Describe the historical development of the Church of Saint James the Great in Nepomuk.

The Church of Saint James the Great originated as a Romanesque church constructed between 1142 and 1153. It was subsequently rebuilt in the early Gothic style in the late 13th century and again between 1360 and 1370. The church was abolished in 1786 and used as a granary until 1857, after which it was reconstructed in a pseudo-Gothic style from 1859 to 1860 and has served as a parish church since 1860. A separate late Baroque bell tower was added next to the church between 1780 and 1790.

What is the significance of the U Lípy House in Nepomuk's history?

The U Lípy House, built between 1360 and 1370, is recognized as the oldest house in Nepomuk. Its current appearance dates from the early 19th century. Historically, this building served as the seat of the Vogt, a local administrator or magistrate, during the Middle Ages and later functioned as an inn from the 17th century onwards.

Who are some of the notable individuals associated with Nepomuk?

Notable individuals associated with Nepomuk include Saint John of Nepomuk (c. 1345–1393), a revered saint; Augustin Němejc (1861–1938), a painter; and Marie Poledňáková (1941–2022), a film director and screenwriter who was raised in the town.

Which countries are represented among Nepomuk's twin towns or sister cities?

Nepomuk has twin towns or sister cities in Lithuania, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Croatia, Netherlands, and Brazil, indicating its international connections.

Can you list some of Nepomuk's twin towns?

Nepomuk's twin towns include Anykščiai in Lithuania, Bušince and Krupina in Slovakia, Hukvaldy in the Czech Republic, Kemnath in Germany, Omiš in Croatia, Roermond in the Netherlands, and São João Nepomuceno in Brazil.

What does the image of the town hall on the town square depict?

The source material includes an image depicting the town hall, which is a prominent building located on Nepomuk's main town square.

What visual representations are provided for Nepomuk's civic identity?

The source material provides visual representations of Nepomuk's civic identity through images of its flag and its coat of arms.

What does the image of the Church of Saint James the Great show?

The source material includes an image depicting the Church of Saint James the Great, a significant historical and architectural sight in Nepomuk.

What does the image of the U Lípy House illustrate?

The source material includes an image illustrating the U Lípy House, which is recognized as the oldest house in Nepomuk.

What was the population density of Nepomuk as of January 1, 2025?

As of January 1, 2025, the population density of Nepomuk was 280 inhabitants per square kilometer (720 per square mile).

What time zones does Nepomuk observe?

Nepomuk observes UTC+1 (Central European Time, CET) during standard time and UTC+2 (Central European Summer Time, CEST) during daylight saving time.

What are the postal codes for Nepomuk?

The postal codes for Nepomuk are 304 03 and 335 03.

What is the average relative humidity in Nepomuk throughout the year?

The average annual relative humidity in Nepomuk is 78.3%.

What is the average annual sunshine duration in Nepomuk?

Nepomuk experiences an average of 1,672.9 sunshine hours annually.

Which month has the highest average relative humidity in Nepomuk?

November has the highest average relative humidity in Nepomuk, at 87.3%.

Which month has the lowest average relative humidity in Nepomuk?

April has the lowest average relative humidity in Nepomuk, at 71.2%.

Which month typically receives the most snowfall in Nepomuk?

January typically receives the most snowfall in Nepomuk, with an average of 15.4 cm (6.1 inches).

What is the average annual snowfall in Nepomuk?

The average annual snowfall in Nepomuk is 51.1 cm (20.1 inches).

What was the population of Nepomuk in 1900?

In 1900, the population of Nepomuk was 2,506.

What was the population of Nepomuk in 1950?

In 1950, the population of Nepomuk was 2,331.

What was the population of Nepomuk in 1980?

In 1980, the population of Nepomuk was 3,206.

What was the population of Nepomuk in 2001?

In 2001, the population of Nepomuk was 3,546.

What is the official website for Nepomuk?

The official website for Nepomuk is www.nepomuk.cz.

Nepomuk Wiki: Nepomuk: A Chronicle of Bohemian Heritage and Sacred Legacy

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Introduction

A Gem of the Czech Republic

Nepomuk, a picturesque town nestled within the Plzeň-South District of the Plzeň Region in the Czech Republic, holds a significant place in Bohemian history and culture. With a population of approximately 3,600 inhabitants, it is a community rich in heritage and natural beauty.

Birthplace of a Saint

The town is globally recognized as the birthplace of Saint John of Nepomuk, a revered figure born around 1340. His legacy profoundly shapes the town's identity, drawing pilgrims and visitors interested in its spiritual and historical dimensions.

Geographical Context

Strategically located about 30 kilometers (19 miles) south of Plzeň, Nepomuk serves as a cultural and historical anchor in its region. Its position within the Blatná Uplands contributes to its scenic landscape and unique climate, which we will explore further.

Administration

Municipal Structure

Nepomuk is administratively divided into two distinct municipal parts, each contributing to the town's overall character and population:

Nepomuk: The primary urban center, with a population of 2,779 residents as per the 2021 census.
Dvorec: A smaller, adjacent community, home to 785 inhabitants.

This division reflects the historical development and demographic distribution within the town's territory.

Governance

The town is led by its mayor, Vladimír Vokurka, who oversees the local administration and community development initiatives. The governance structure ensures the effective management of municipal affairs and the preservation of Nepomuk's unique heritage.

Etymology

The Name's Origin

The town was originally known as Pomuk, with the precise origin of this name remaining somewhat enigmatic. However, a captivating legend offers a compelling explanation.

A Blessing of Rain

According to local lore, the name is derived from the Old Czech word "pomoknout," meaning 'to make wet.' This etymology is linked to a significant event in 992, when Saint Adalbert's blessing was said to have brought much-needed rain to the region, thus "making it wet." This narrative underscores the deep historical and spiritual connections embedded in the town's very name.

Geography

Uplands and Waterways

Nepomuk is situated within the scenic Blatná Uplands, a geographical feature that defines much of its landscape. The town's terrain is characterized by rolling hills, with its westernmost municipal territory reaching an elevation of 544 meters (1,785 feet) above sea level.

Lakes and Brooks

The Mihovka Brook gracefully flows through the town, adding to its natural charm. To the east, two prominent fishponds, Dvorecký rybník and Panský rybník, are notable features, alongside several other smaller fishponds scattered throughout the municipal territory. These aquatic elements contribute to the local ecosystem and provide recreational opportunities.

Climate

Humid Continental Characteristics

Nepomuk experiences a humid continental climate, classified as Dfb under the Köppen system and Dclo by Trewartha. This climate type is characterized by significant seasonal temperature variations, with warm summers and cold winters.

Meteorological Overview

The annual average temperature in Nepomuk is 8.3 °C (46.9 °F). July stands as the warmest month, averaging 18.0 °C (64.4 °F), while January is the coldest, with an average of -0.9 °C (30.4 °F). The town receives an annual precipitation of 635.2 millimeters (25.01 inches), with June being the wettest month (86.1 mm) and February the driest (31.1 mm). Extreme temperatures have ranged from a frigid -32.2 °C (-26.0 °F) recorded on February 10, 1956, to a scorching 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) on July 27, 1983.

Climate Data for Nepomuk (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present)

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.8 (60.4)	20.2 (68.4)	24.7 (76.5)	30.5 (86.9)	33.4 (92.1)	35.5 (95.9)	39.2 (102.6)	37.2 (99.0)	33.9 (93.0)	28.2 (82.8)	18.9 (66.0)	16.9 (62.4)	39.2 (102.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	2.2 (36.0)	4.2 (39.6)	8.8 (47.8)	14.9 (58.8)	19.5 (67.1)	22.9 (73.2)	25.0 (77.0)	25.0 (77.0)	19.5 (67.1)	13.3 (55.9)	6.6 (43.9)	2.8 (37.0)	13.7 (56.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−0.9 (30.4)	−0.2 (31.6)	3.5 (38.3)	8.3 (46.9)	12.9 (55.2)	16.5 (61.7)	18.0 (64.4)	17.4 (63.3)	12.6 (54.7)	8.0 (46.4)	3.4 (38.1)	0.1 (32.2)	8.3 (46.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−4.0 (24.8)	−4.2 (24.4)	−0.9 (30.4)	2.2 (36.0)	6.4 (43.5)	9.9 (49.8)	11.5 (52.7)	11.1 (52.0)	7.3 (45.1)	3.7 (38.7)	0.4 (32.7)	−2.8 (27.0)	3.4 (38.1)
Record low °C (°F)	−29.3 (−20.7)	−32.2 (−26.0)	−26.0 (−14.8)	−10.2 (13.6)	−5.0 (23.0)	−2.0 (28.4)	1.5 (34.7)	0.6 (33.1)	−4.5 (23.9)	−12.1 (10.2)	−15.2 (4.6)	−29.2 (−20.6)	−32.2 (−26.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	37.2 (1.46)	31.1 (1.22)	42.1 (1.66)	35.2 (1.39)	66.8 (2.63)	86.1 (3.39)	83.0 (3.27)	78.0 (3.07)	46.5 (1.83)	47.9 (1.89)	40.6 (1.60)	40.8 (1.61)	635.2 (25.01)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	15.4 (6.1)	13.7 (5.4)	5.2 (2.0)	0.4 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.5 (0.2)	4.5 (1.8)	11.5 (4.5)	51.1 (20.1)
Average relative humidity (%)	84.7	80.7	76.9	71.2	72.4	72.6	72.0	73.6	78.9	82.8	87.3	86.8	78.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours	42.0	72.8	140.7	191.5	192.8	218.7	238.5	224.9	157.8	101.1	50.0	42.1	1,672.9

History

Early Foundations

The earliest documented mention of Pomuk, the original name for Nepomuk, dates back to 1144. This period marked the construction of a new Cistercian monastery in the vicinity, laying the groundwork for the region's development. Tragically, this monastery was razed by the Hussite army in 1420, with its former site now occupied by the village of Klášter.

Growth and Recognition

A pivotal moment in the town's history occurred in 1384 when Pomuk merged with the neighboring settlement of Přesanice, leading to its renaming as Nepomuk. The town's growing importance was formally recognized in 1413 when it was elevated to town status. Following the destruction of the Cistercian monastery, its extensive properties were successively acquired by the Lords of Schwamberg and subsequently by the influential Sternberg family, further shaping the local power dynamics.

Baroque Flourishing

Nepomuk experienced its most significant period of growth and cultural flourishing during the Baroque era. During this time, it emerged as a crucial pilgrimage site, attracting devotees and contributing to its architectural and artistic development. Despite some periods of ambiguity regarding its official designation, Emperor Charles VI definitively reaffirmed Nepomuk's town status in 1730, solidifying its administrative and historical standing.

Demographics

Population Trends

As of January 1, 2025, Nepomuk's total population stands at 3,562 residents, with a population density of approximately 280 inhabitants per square kilometer (720 per square mile). The town has experienced various demographic shifts throughout its history, reflecting broader regional and national trends.

Historical Population of Nepomuk

Year	Population	±%
1869	2,572	—
1880	2,967	+15.4%
1890	2,668	−10.1%
1900	2,506	−6.1%
1910	2,532	+1.0%
1921	2,478	−2.1%
1930	2,448	−1.2%
1950	2,331	−4.8%
1961	2,568	+10.2%
1970	2,616	+1.9%
1980	3,206	+22.6%
1991	3,211	+0.2%
2001	3,546	+10.4%
2011	3,809	+7.4%
2021	3,564	−6.4%

Transport

Road Connections

Nepomuk is well-connected by road, with the I/20 road passing directly through the town. This route forms a segment of the European route E49, linking significant cities such as Plzeň and České Budějovice. This strategic road access facilitates regional travel and commerce.

Railway Hub

The town also serves as a vital point on the major interregional railway line connecting Brno and Plzeň, underscoring its importance in the national transport network. Furthermore, Nepomuk acts as the starting point for a local railway line extending to Blatná, providing essential local connectivity and contributing to the town's accessibility.

Sights

Church of Saint John of Nepomuk

The central landmark of Nepomuk's town center is the magnificent Church of Saint John of Nepomuk. Originally an early Baroque edifice from the mid-17th century, it underwent a complete and transformative reconstruction between 1734 and 1738 under the masterful direction of the renowned architect Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer. This architectural gem stands as a testament to the town's enduring spiritual and artistic heritage.

Church of Saint James the Great

The Church of Saint James the Great boasts an even older lineage, initially constructed as a Romanesque church between 1142 and 1153. It subsequently saw significant rebuilds in the early Gothic style during the late 13th century and again between 1360 and 1370. After being abolished in 1786 and serving as a granary until 1857, it was meticulously reconstructed in a pseudo-Gothic style from 1859 to 1860, resuming its role as a parish church in 1860. A separate late Baroque bell tower, erected between 1780 and 1790, complements this historic structure.

U Lípy House

Among Nepomuk's architectural treasures is the U Lípy House, the oldest surviving residential structure in the town, dating back to between 1360 and 1370. While its current facade reflects an early 19th-century appearance, its historical significance is profound. In the medieval period, this building served as the seat of the Vogt, a local administrative official, and later, from the 17th century, it functioned as a prominent inn, witnessing centuries of local life and commerce.

Notable

Saint John of Nepomuk

Born around 1345 in Nepomuk, Saint John of Nepomuk (died 1393) is arguably the town's most famous son. He was a Bohemian martyr who became the confessor of Queen Joanna of Bavaria and was later canonized. His story and veneration have made Nepomuk a significant pilgrimage destination and a site of deep religious importance.

Augustin Němejc

Augustin Němejc (1861–1938) was a distinguished painter whose artistic contributions left a lasting mark. His connection to Nepomuk highlights the town's role in nurturing creative talent and its place within the broader cultural landscape of the Czech Republic.

Marie Poledňáková

Marie Poledňáková (1941–2022), a celebrated film director and screenwriter, was raised in Nepomuk. Her upbringing in this historic town likely influenced her creative perspective, contributing to her notable career in Czech cinema. Her work continues to be recognized for its impact on film and storytelling.

Partners

International Connections

Nepomuk actively fosters international relationships through its twin town and sister city programs, promoting cultural exchange and mutual understanding. These partnerships connect Nepomuk with communities across Europe and beyond, enriching its global outlook.

Sister Cities Network

Nepomuk is twinned with a diverse group of cities, reflecting its commitment to international cooperation:

Anykščiai, Lithuania
Bušince, Slovakia
Hukvaldy, Czech Republic
Kemnath, Germany
Krupina, Slovakia
Omiš, Croatia
Roermond, Netherlands
São João Nepomuceno, Brazil

These partnerships facilitate cultural, educational, and economic exchanges, strengthening bonds between Nepomuk and its global counterparts.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Nepomuk" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about nepomuk while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

united states department of the interior

foreign exchange market

canticle of the sun

second battle of kharkov

References

A full list of references for this article are available at the Nepomuk Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional historical research, geographical analysis, or cultural studies. Always refer to primary sources and consult with qualified experts for specific academic or research needs. Never disregard professional scholarly advice because of something you have read on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Nepomuk: A Chronicle of Bohemian Heritage and Sacred Legacy

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction ℹ️

🇨🇿 A Gem of the Czech Republic

✨ Birthplace of a Saint

📍 Geographical Context

Administration 🏛️

🏘️ Municipal Structure

👑 Governance

Etymology 📜

💧 The Name's Origin

🌧️ A Blessing of Rain

Geography 🏞️

⛰️ Uplands and Waterways

🐟 Lakes and Brooks

Climate 🌡️

🌬️ Humid Continental Characteristics

📊 Meteorological Overview

Climate Data for Nepomuk (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present)

History 🕰️

📜 Early Foundations

🏙️ Growth and Recognition

✨ Baroque Flourishing

Demographics 📈

👥 Population Trends

Historical Population of Nepomuk

Transport 🚆

🛣️ Road Connections

🚂 Railway Hub

Sights ⛪

✨ Church of Saint John of Nepomuk

🕰️ Church of Saint James the Great

🏡 U Lípy House

Notable 🌟

😇 Saint John of Nepomuk

🎨 Augustin Němejc

🎬 Marie Poledňáková

Partners 🤝

🌍 International Connections

🌐 Sister Cities Network

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

A Gem of the Czech Republic

Birthplace of a Saint

Geographical Context

Administration

Municipal Structure

Governance

Etymology

The Name's Origin

A Blessing of Rain

Geography

Uplands and Waterways

Lakes and Brooks

Climate

Humid Continental Characteristics

Meteorological Overview

History

Early Foundations

Growth and Recognition

Baroque Flourishing

Demographics

Population Trends

Transport

Road Connections

Railway Hub

Sights

Church of Saint John of Nepomuk

Church of Saint James the Great

U Lípy House

Notable

Saint John of Nepomuk

Augustin Němejc

Marie Poledňáková

Partners

International Connections

Sister Cities Network

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice