What is the Philippine Defense Medal?

The Philippine Defense Medal is a military award and decoration established by the Republic of the Philippines. It is presented to recognize the initial resistance against the Japanese invasion of the Philippine Islands.

Who presents the Philippine Defense Medal?

The Philippine Defense Medal is presented by the Republic of the Philippines.

What specific historical event does the Philippine Defense Medal commemorate?

The medal specifically recognizes the initial resistance against the Japanese invasion of the Philippine Islands.

What was the initial form of the Philippine Defense Medal award?

The award was first created in December 1944 as the Philippine Defense Ribbon.

When was the full-sized Philippine Defense Medal authorized?

A full-sized medal was authorized and added in July 1945, following the initial creation of the ribbon.

What type of award is the Philippine Defense Medal?

The Philippine Defense Medal is classified as a service medal.

What is the defined period of eligibility for the Philippine Defense Medal?

Eligibility for the Philippine Defense Medal is based on participation in the defense of the Philippine Islands between December 8, 1941, and June 15, 1942.

Is the Philippine Defense Medal still awarded today?

Yes, the Philippine Defense Medal is considered a current award.

What are the specific dates associated with the establishment of the Philippine Defense Medal and its ribbon?

The ribbon for the Philippine Defense Medal was established on December 20, 1944, while the full-sized medal was authorized on July 22, 1945.

Who is eligible to receive the Philippine Defense Medal?

Any service member, whether from the Philippine military or an allied armed force, who participated in the defense of the Philippine Islands during the specified period is eligible.

What geographical areas are considered for participation in the defense of the Philippines for medal eligibility?

Eligibility includes participation in engagements within Philippine territory, Philippine waters, or in the air over the Philippines or Philippine waters.

What are the specific conditions that qualify an individual as having participated in an engagement for the Philippine Defense Medal?

An individual is considered to have participated in an engagement if they were a member of the defense garrison of the Bataan Peninsula or the fortified islands at the entrance to Manila Bay, were a member of a unit under enemy fire or air attack, served on a ship under enemy fire or air attack, or were a crewmember or passenger in an airplane under enemy fire.

Besides direct engagement, what is another criterion for receiving the Philippine Defense Medal?

An individual is also eligible if they were assigned or stationed in Philippine territory or in Philippine waters for a minimum of 30 days during the eligibility period.

What is awarded to individuals who meet both the engagement criteria and the minimum service duration criterion for the Philippine Defense Medal?

Individuals who meet both conditions are authorized to wear a bronze service star on the ribbon of the Philippine Defense Medal.

Which specific groups of troops were notably awarded the Philippine Defense Medal in connection with the defense of Bataan?

The Philippine Defense Medal was awarded to United States and Philippine Commonwealth troops who defended the Philippines at Bataan, many of whom later endured the Bataan Death March.

What does the image accompanying the article depict?

The image accompanying the article depicts the Philippine Defense Medal itself, showcasing its design as a military award of the Republic of the Philippines.

What does the service ribbon of the Philippine Defense Medal look like?

The source material includes an image of the Philippine Defense Medal's service ribbon, which is a distinct component of the award designed for wear on a uniform.

What is the purpose of the streamer associated with the Philippine Defense Medal?

The source material shows a streamer designated as 'Streamer PD,' which is part of the award's presentation or display, often used with organizational colors or flags.

Can you list some of the individuals recognized as recipients of the Philippine Defense Medal?

Notable recipients listed include Ramon A. Alcaraz, Donald Blackburn, John D. Bulkeley, Jose Calugas, Edwin A. Doss, Richard W. Fellows, Guy Fort, Noel Gayler, Harold Keith Johnson, Edward P. King, Emilio S. Liwanag, Douglas MacArthur, George F. Moore, Emmett O'Donnell Jr., George M. Parker, Royal Reynolds, Jr., Manuel F. Segura, Edward Thiele, Kemp Tolley, Jonathan M. Wainwright, Frank D. Wagner, and Charles A. Willoughby.

What other Philippine medals are mentioned as being similar to the Philippine Defense Medal?

Similar Philippine medals mentioned include the Philippine Liberation Medal and the Philippine Independence Medal.

For members of the United States Armed Forces, what other medal could be awarded in conjunction with the Philippine Defense Medal for participation in the defense of the Philippines?

Members of the United States Armed Forces entitled to the Philippine Defense Medal were also eligible to receive the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.

How was the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal modified for US service members who participated in the defense of the Philippines?

For participation in the defense of the Philippines, US service members eligible for the Philippine Defense Medal could receive the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with a bronze 'battle star'.

What was the specific size of the service star awarded on the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal for participation in the defense of the Philippines?

The service star awarded on the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal for participation in the defense of the Philippines was a 3/16 inch bronze battle star.

What related topic is suggested in the 'See also' section of the article?

The 'See also' section directs readers to information on the Awards and decorations of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

What specific criteria must be met regarding enemy contact for an individual to qualify for the Philippine Defense Medal?

To qualify based on engagement, an individual must have been part of a unit that was actually under enemy fire or air attack, served on a ship that experienced enemy fire or air attack, or was in an aircraft that faced enemy aerial or ground fire.

What does the term 'Philippine Islands' encompass in the context of eligibility for the medal?

In the context of eligibility, 'Philippine Islands' refers to Philippine territory, Philippine waters, and the airspace above them.

What is the significance of the period between December 8, 1941, and June 15, 1942, for the Philippine Defense Medal?

This period marks the specific timeframe during which participation in the defense of the Philippine Islands qualified individuals for the medal, covering the initial Japanese invasion and subsequent defense efforts.

How did the establishment of the Philippine Defense Ribbon precede the full medal?

The Philippine Defense Ribbon was established first in December 1944, serving as the initial recognition, before the full-sized medal was authorized and added in July 1945.

What does the 'Status: Current' designation for the Philippine Defense Medal imply?

This designation indicates that the Philippine Defense Medal is an active award that can still be presented or recognized under current regulations, although the eligibility period is historical.

What specific defensive actions qualified individuals for the medal, beyond general service in the Philippines?

Specific actions included being part of the defense garrisons of Bataan Peninsula or the fortified islands of Manila Bay, or being directly involved in combat situations like units under fire, ships under attack, or aircraft facing enemy fire.

What is the purpose of the 'infobox' in the article?

The infobox serves as a summary table providing key details about the Philippine Defense Medal, such as its type, presenter, eligibility, status, and establishment dates, offering a quick overview of the award.

How is the concept of 'participation' defined for the Philippine Defense Medal?

Participation is defined broadly to include direct engagement in combat actions against the enemy in specified locations, or prolonged service (at least 30 days) within Philippine territory or waters during the eligibility period.

What does the reference to the Bataan Death March in relation to the medal signify?

It signifies that the troops who defended Bataan and were subsequently subjected to the Bataan Death March were among those recognized with the Philippine Defense Medal for their initial resistance.

What is the significance of listing specific recipients?

Listing recipients highlights prominent individuals who were awarded the medal, providing historical context and examples of those recognized for their service during the defense of the Philippines.

How does the Philippine Defense Medal relate to other awards given by the Philippines?

It is one of several Philippine medals, with the Philippine Liberation Medal and Philippine Independence Medal being mentioned as similar awards, indicating a system of decorations for service related to the Philippines.

What does the inclusion of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal suggest about the recognition of service during this period?

It suggests that service members involved in the defense of the Philippines were recognized by both Philippine and United States award systems, with the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal acknowledging their role in the broader Pacific theater.

What is the role of the 'Bibliography' section in the context of the article?

The Bibliography section lists sources used to compile the information about the Philippine Defense Medal, such as handbooks on military awards, providing references for further research.

What information is provided in the 'External links' section?

The 'External links' section provides links to other resources, such as The American War Library, where additional information about the Philippine Defense Medal can be found.

What does the phrase 'initial resistance against Japanese invasion' imply about the medal's purpose?

It implies that the medal honors the bravery and sacrifice of those who fought during the very beginning of the conflict, often under overwhelming odds, before the full scale of the war in the Pacific became apparent.

How is the eligibility period for the Philippine Defense Medal structured?

The eligibility period is defined by a start date, December 8, 1941 (the date of the Japanese attack on the Philippines), and an end date, June 15, 1942, encompassing the major defensive actions and the fall of the Philippines.

What does the mention of 'fortified islands at the entrance to Manila Bay' refer to in terms of defense?

This refers to specific strategic locations, likely including Corregidor and other islands controlling access to Manila Bay, which were heavily defended during the initial invasion.

What is the significance of the date July 22, 1945, in relation to the medal?

July 22, 1945, is the date when the full-sized medal for the Philippine Defense Medal was officially authorized, following the earlier establishment of its ribbon.

What does the phrase 'participation in any engagement against the enemy' mean in practical terms for medal criteria?

It means being involved in direct combat actions, such as being part of a unit under attack, serving on a ship under fire, or flying in aircraft targeted by the enemy, within the specified geographical areas.

What is the purpose of the 'mw-heading' and 'h2/h3' tags in the source text?

These tags are used in the underlying wiki markup to structure the document with headings and subheadings, organizing the content into logical sections like 'Criteria,' 'Recipients,' and 'References.'

How does the Philippine Defense Medal differ from the Philippine Liberation Medal, based on the context provided?

While the Philippine Defense Medal recognizes the initial resistance against the Japanese invasion (Dec 1941 - Jun 1942), the Philippine Liberation Medal (mentioned as similar) likely recognizes participation in the subsequent liberation efforts, though the exact criteria are not detailed here.

What does the inclusion of a 'service ribbon' image signify?

It signifies that the award includes a ribbon designed to be worn on a uniform, separate from the full medal, and that this ribbon has a specific design representing the award.

What is the role of the 'reference' tags (e.g., cite_ref-1) in the text?

These tags link specific statements or facts in the main text to their corresponding sources listed in the 'References' section, allowing readers to verify the information.

What does the term 'Republic of the Philippines' signify in the context of the award?

It signifies that the award is an official military decoration of the sovereign nation of the Philippines, established by its government.

What is the implication of the medal recognizing 'initial resistance'?

It suggests that the medal honors the bravery and sacrifice of those who fought during the very beginning of the conflict, often under overwhelming odds, before the full scale of the war in the Pacific became apparent.

What is the purpose of the 'infobox-caption' element?

The infobox-caption element provides a descriptive title or label for an image within the infobox, such as identifying the 'Philippine Defense Medal' itself.

What does the term 'decoration' mean in the context of the Philippine Defense Medal?

In this context, a decoration is a type of military award given to recognize specific acts of valor, achievement, or service, distinguishing the recipient for their contributions during a particular period or event.

Philippine Defense Medal Wiki: Commemorating Valor: The Philippine Defense Medal

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Medal Overview

Nature of the Award

The Philippine Defense Medal is a distinguished service medal conferred by the Republic of the Philippines. It is currently an active award, recognizing significant contributions during a pivotal historical period.

Establishment and Issuance

The award's inception began with the authorization of the Philippine Defense Ribbon on December 20, 1944. Subsequently, a full-sized medal was officially established and added on July 22, 1945, formalizing its recognition.

Historical Significance

This medal specifically commemorates the initial and critical resistance against the Japanese invasion of the Philippine Islands. The qualifying period for this award spans from December 8, 1941, to June 15, 1942.

Eligibility Criteria

Defining Participation

The Philippine Defense Medal is awarded to members of the Philippine military or allied armed forces who participated in the defense of the Philippine Islands between December 8, 1941, and June 15, 1942. Eligibility is determined by direct involvement in engagements or specific periods of service:

Direct Engagement: Participation in any engagement against the enemy within Philippine territory, its territorial waters, or the airspace above. This includes individuals who:
- Were part of the defense garrison of the Bataan Peninsula or the fortified islands at the entrance to Manila Bay.
- Were members of a unit subjected to direct enemy fire or aerial attack.
- Served aboard a vessel that sustained enemy fire or air attack.
- Were crew members or passengers in an aircraft subjected to enemy aerial or ground fire.
Assigned or Stationed: Individuals assigned or stationed within Philippine territory or waters for a minimum of 30 days during the specified period.
Service Star Qualification: Personnel meeting the conditions outlined in both paragraphs (A) and (B) are authorized to wear a bronze service star on the medal's ribbon, signifying broader or more extensive participation.

This award specifically recognizes the valor and sacrifice of United States and Philippine Commonwealth troops during the defense of the Philippines, including those who endured the Bataan Death March.

Notable Recipients

Honored Individuals

The Philippine Defense Medal has been awarded to numerous distinguished individuals who demonstrated exceptional bravery and commitment during the defense of the Philippines. Among them are:

Ramon A. Alcaraz
Antonín Volný
Donald Blackburn
John D. Bulkeley
Jose Calugas
James W. Coe
Edwin A. Doss
Richard W. Fellows
Guy Fort
Philip T. Fry
Amado F. Gador
Noel Gayler
Harold Keith Johnson
Edward P. King
Emilio S. Liwanag
Douglas MacArthur
William G. Martin
George F. Moore (general)
Emmett O'Donnell Jr.
Moises Pama
George M. Parker (general)
Royal Reynolds, Jr.
Manuel F. Segura
Susano Madril
Edward Thiele
Kemp Tolley
Jesus M. Vargas
Walter A. Ditto
Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)
Frank Dechant Wagner
Charles A. Willoughby
Jose Montalvan

Related Accolades

Philippine Decorations

In addition to the Philippine Defense Medal, the Republic of the Philippines has established other significant awards recognizing service during related campaigns. These include:

The Philippine Liberation Medal, awarded for participation in the liberation of the Philippine Islands.
The Philippine Independence Medal, commemorating the attainment of Philippine independence.

Allied Recognition

Members of the United States Armed Forces who were eligible for the Philippine Defense Medal also qualified for other prestigious awards. Notably, they were eligible to receive the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal. This could be further enhanced with a bronze "battle star" (represented as a 3/16 service star) for specific participation in the defense of the Philippines.

Historical Context & Establishment

Genesis of the Award

The impetus for the Philippine Defense Medal arose from the need to formally recognize the valor and sacrifice of military personnel during the initial phase of World War II in the Pacific theater. The defense of the Philippine Islands against the Japanese invasion was a critical and arduous campaign.

The award's formalization occurred in two stages:

December 20, 1944: The Philippine Defense Ribbon was initially created, providing a preliminary form of recognition.
July 22, 1945: The establishment of the full-sized Philippine Defense Medal was authorized, offering a more substantial and enduring symbol of commendation.

This medal serves as a lasting testament to the resilience shown during a period of intense conflict, acknowledging the efforts of both Filipino and allied forces.

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References

AR 600-8-22, 25 June 2015: 9-7, Philippine Defense Ribbon, Page 123

A full list of references for this article are available at the Philippine Defense Medal Wikipedia page

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Important Notice

This page has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is derived from publicly available data, primarily Wikipedia, and may not represent the most current or complete information available. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, historical and military details can be complex and subject to interpretation.

This is not official military documentation or advice. The information provided is not a substitute for official military records, historical research, or consultation with military historians or archival experts. Users should consult official sources for definitive information regarding military awards and decorations.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein. Users are encouraged to cross-reference information with authoritative sources.

Commemorating Valor

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Medal Overview ℹ️

🎖️ Nature of the Award

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⚔️ Historical Significance

Eligibility Criteria 📜

✅ Defining Participation

Notable Recipients 👥

⭐ Honored Individuals

Related Accolades 🏅

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🕰️ Genesis of the Award

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Medal Overview

Nature of the Award

Establishment and Issuance

Historical Significance

Eligibility Criteria

Defining Participation

Notable Recipients

Honored Individuals

Related Accolades

Philippine Decorations

Allied Recognition

Historical Context & Establishment

Genesis of the Award

Teacher's Corner

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Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice