What was Phyllis Schlafly's full birth name and her lifespan?

Phyllis Schlafly's birth name was Phyllis McAlpin Stewart. She was born on August 15, 1924, and passed away on September 5, 2016.

In which city and state was Phyllis Schlafly born?

Phyllis Schlafly was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

What were Phyllis Schlafly's primary political and social affiliations and viewpoints?

Phyllis Schlafly was a nationally prominent conservative activist who held paleoconservative social and political views. She was known for her opposition to feminism, gay rights, and abortion, and she actively campaigned against the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).

What significant conservative organization did Phyllis Schlafly found in 1972?

In 1972, Phyllis Schlafly founded the Eagle Forum, an organization that served as a conservative political interest group. She led this group as its chair and CEO until her death in 2016.

What was the title and impact of Phyllis Schlafly's self-published book in 1964?

In 1964, Phyllis Schlafly self-published a book titled "A Choice Not an Echo." This book, which supported Republican candidate Barry Goldwater and criticized liberal East Coast Republicans, sold or distributed over three million copies, significantly influencing conservative politics.

What were some of the key themes Phyllis Schlafly addressed in her books on national defense?

Phyllis Schlafly co-authored books on national defense and was notably critical of arms control agreements that were made with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Where did Phyllis Schlafly receive her undergraduate and graduate education?

Phyllis Schlafly attended Maryville College before transferring to Washington University in St. Louis, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She later obtained a Master of Arts degree in government from Harvard University and a Juris Doctor degree from Washington University School of Law.

What role did Phyllis Schlafly play in early political campaigns?

Phyllis Schlafly began her political involvement by working as a researcher for the American Enterprise Institute and assisting in the successful 1946 U.S. House of Representatives campaign of Republican Claude I. Bakewell.

Did Phyllis Schlafly ever hold elected office?

Phyllis Schlafly ran for the U.S. House of Representatives twice as a Republican in Illinois's 24th congressional district, in 1952 and 1960. She won the Republican primary in 1952 but lost the general election, and she lost the general election again in 1960. She did not seek public office again after 1970.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's stance on the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

Phyllis Schlafly was a leading opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She organized the "STOP ERA" campaign, arguing that the amendment would strip women of gender-specific privileges, such as dependent wife benefits under Social Security and exemption from the military draft.

How did Phyllis Schlafly's activism impact the ratification of the ERA?

Historians credit Phyllis Schlafly's early and effective organization of opposition to the ERA as a key factor in its ultimate defeat. Her campaign successfully mobilized opponents, contributing to the amendment failing to achieve the necessary state ratifications by the deadline.

What arguments did Phyllis Schlafly use to counter the feminist movement's claims regarding women's lives?

Phyllis Schlafly attributed improvements in women's lives in the late 20th century to labor-saving household devices, rather than the feminist movement. She also argued that the feminist focus on the ERA had damaged the women's movement's momentum and potential for social change.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's perspective on the gender pay gap?

Phyllis Schlafly dismissed the concept of a gender pay gap as a "deceitful propaganda campaign" orchestrated by feminists. She believed that women earning less than men was beneficial for society, as it supported the man's role as the primary provider for the family.

What did Phyllis Schlafly consider the primary role for women in society?

Phyllis Schlafly believed that a woman's primary role should be that of a wife, mother, and homemaker, rather than a career woman. She emphasized that motherhood was the most socially useful role and crucial for societal well-being.

How did Phyllis Schlafly view the fundamental differences between men and women?

Phyllis Schlafly maintained that men and women are fundamentally different and that these differences cannot be eradicated. She stated that feminists' attempts to redesign society to be gender-neutral were misguided, suggesting that such differences were ordained by a higher power.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on the institution of marriage?

Phyllis Schlafly believed that marriage required distinct roles for men and women, with the husband serving as the ultimate decision-maker to ensure the institution's success. She also controversially stated that a woman consents to sex by getting married, implying that marital rape is not possible.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's stance on same-sex marriage?

Phyllis Schlafly was opposed to same-sex marriage and civil unions, viewing them as an attempt by the "gay lobby" to gain social recognition for their lifestyle. Her opposition to the ERA was partly linked to her belief that it would lead to the acceptance of same-sex marriage.

What were Phyllis Schlafly's views on the United Nations and international relations?

Phyllis Schlafly expressed disdain for the United Nations, calling it a "monument to foolish hopes" and a threat to American sovereignty. She opposed the deployment of U.S. troops in international conflicts like the Yugoslav Wars and criticized globalization through organizations like the World Trade Organization.

How did Phyllis Schlafly view the role of judges in the American legal system?

Phyllis Schlafly was a vocal critic of what she termed "activist judges," particularly those on the U.S. Supreme Court. She suggested that Congress should consider impeaching justices, such as Anthony Kennedy, for decisions she disagreed with, like abolishing the death penalty for minors.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's advice to the Republican Party regarding outreach to minority groups?

Phyllis Schlafly advised the Republican Party to focus on mobilizing white voters rather than reaching out to Latino voters, whom she believed were unlikely to vote Republican. She considered the idea that the GOP needed Latino support a "great myth."

Which presidential candidates did Phyllis Schlafly endorse during her career?

Phyllis Schlafly endorsed Barry Goldwater in 1964, John McCain in 2008, Michele Bachmann and Rick Santorum in the 2012 Republican primaries, and Donald Trump in 2016. She also attended every Republican National Convention from 1952 until her death.

What controversy arose when Washington University in St. Louis announced an honorary degree for Phyllis Schlafly in 2008?

The announcement that Washington University would award Phyllis Schlafly an honorary degree in 2008 sparked protests from students and faculty who criticized her anti-feminist views and her role in defeating the ERA. The university chancellor issued a disclaimer stating the degree was recognition of her impact, not an endorsement of her views.

How did Phyllis Schlafly's family life reflect her conservative views?

Phyllis Schlafly was married to attorney John Fred Schlafly Jr., and they were both active Catholics who linked Catholicism with Americanism and anti-communism. They had six children, and her son Andrew founded Conservapedia, while her daughter Anne became chairman of the Eagle Forum.

What is the significance of the book "The Conservative Case for Trump"?

"The Conservative Case for Trump" was Phyllis Schlafly's final book, published posthumously on September 6, 2016, the day after her death. It was co-authored with Ed Martin and Brett M. Decker.

How was Phyllis Schlafly portrayed in the FX miniseries "Mrs. America"?

Phyllis Schlafly was a central figure in the FX miniseries "Mrs. America," with Cate Blanchett portraying her. While some praised the series' accuracy, Schlafly's family members disputed the accuracy of several accounts presented in the show.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's role in the 1977 National Women's Conference?

At the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston, Phyllis Schlafly led a counter-event, the Pro-Life, Pro-Family Rally, which drew over 15,000 attendees. This rally was organized to protest the National Women's Conference and to advocate for "family values," influencing the Republican Party's shift to the right.

What were Phyllis Schlafly's views on motherhood and its societal importance?

Phyllis Schlafly believed that motherhood was the most socially useful role a woman could fulfill and was essential for raising good citizens. She advocated for women to prioritize their roles as wives, mothers, and homemakers.

What specific arguments did Phyllis Schlafly make regarding the ERA and women's legal protections?

Schlafly argued that the ERA would eliminate legal protections women enjoyed, such as alimony and preferential treatment in child custody cases. She warned that it would disadvantage middle-aged housewives without job skills and potentially force women into combat roles.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's stance on immigration reform?

Phyllis Schlafly opposed immigration reform proposals, suggesting that the Republican Party should focus on mobilizing white voters rather than seeking the support of Hispanic voters, whom she believed were unlikely to vote Republican.

How did Phyllis Schlafly's opposition to the ERA connect with her views on gender roles?

Schlafly's opposition to the ERA was rooted in her belief in traditional gender roles, arguing that the amendment would eliminate protections and privileges specific to women, such as exemption from military conscription and combat duty, thereby forcing women into roles traditionally held by men.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's perspective on "activist judges"?

Phyllis Schlafly was a strong critic of judges she perceived as "activist," particularly those on the U.S. Supreme Court. She believed such judges overstepped their constitutional bounds and suggested impeachment as a potential consequence.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on the role of the husband in marriage?

Phyllis Schlafly stated that for marriage to be a successful institution, there must be an ultimate decision-maker, and she identified the husband as that person.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's contribution to the American Bar Association's work?

In 1957, Phyllis Schlafly, along with her husband, played a significant role in writing the American Bar Association's report titled "Communist Tactics, Strategy, and Objectives." This report became widely read and influential within the grassroots anti-communist movement.

How did Phyllis Schlafly's book "A Choice Not an Echo" influence the 1964 presidential election?

"A Choice Not an Echo" was instrumental in Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign, particularly in California's primary. The book's widespread distribution, aided by organizations like the John Birch Society, is considered by some to have been a major factor in Goldwater securing the Republican nomination.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's relationship with the John Birch Society?

Phyllis Schlafly was previously associated with the John Birch Society, with its founder Robert Welch Jr. referring to her as a "very loyal" member. She later distanced herself from the organization, fearing it would harm her book's reputation, although the society did assist in distributing her book in California.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on the role of family in society?

Phyllis Schlafly contended that the family is the most crucial institution for women's growth and satisfaction, and she rejected the feminist notion that the family was an outdated concept. She believed that strong families were vital for the nation's future and the well-being of children.

What specific criticisms did Phyllis Schlafly level against Nelson Rockefeller?

In her book "A Choice Not an Echo," Phyllis Schlafly criticized Nelson Rockefeller and other "Rockefeller Republicans" from the Northeast, accusing them of corruption and globalism.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's stance on arms control agreements with the Soviet Union?

During the Cold War, Phyllis Schlafly opposed arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. She argued in 1961 that such agreements would not deter "Red aggression" any more effectively than disarming local police would deter crime.

How did Phyllis Schlafly describe the United Nations on its 50th anniversary?

On the UN's 50th anniversary in 1995, Phyllis Schlafly characterized it as a "cause for mourning, not celebration." She viewed it as a symbol of "foolish hopes, embarrassing compromises, betrayal of our servicemen, and a steady stream of insults to our nation," likening it to a "Trojan Horse."

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on globalization and national sovereignty?

Phyllis Schlafly believed that globalization, particularly through organizations like the World Trade Organization, posed a "direct attack on American sovereignty, independence, jobs, and economy." She argued that any country altering its laws to comply with international rulings sacrificed its sovereignty.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's perspective on the "North American Union"?

In late 2006, Phyllis Schlafly collaborated with others to oppose the concept of a "North American Union," which proposed integrating the United States, Mexico, and Canada with a shared currency, similar to the European Union.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on the role of women in the workforce versus the home?

Phyllis Schlafly believed that women's primary roles should be within the home as wives and mothers, and she criticized feminism for encouraging women to enter the full-time, lifelong labor force. She saw the "dependent wife and mother" as performing the most socially necessary role.

What specific labor-saving devices did Phyllis Schlafly cite as improving women's lives?

In a 2006 interview, Phyllis Schlafly credited improvements in women's lives to household innovations such as the indoor clothes dryer and disposable diapers.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's reaction to the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade?

Phyllis Schlafly strongly condemned the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade, calling it "the worst decision in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court" and stating it was responsible for the deaths of millions of unborn babies.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's stance on the concept of marital rape?

Phyllis Schlafly expressed the view that by getting married, a woman consents to sex, and therefore, such acts could not be classified as rape. This statement drew significant criticism.

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on the role of women in the military?

Phyllis Schlafly argued that the Equal Rights Amendment would necessitate women serving in combat roles and being subject to conscription, which she opposed as a disruption of traditional gender roles.

What was the nature of Phyllis Schlafly's media presence?

Phyllis Schlafly was active in broadcast media, providing commentaries for radio stations like WBBM and networks such as CBS Morning News and CNN. She also hosted a weekly radio talk show, "Eagle Forum Live."

Who was Phyllis Schlafly's husband, and what was his background?

Phyllis Schlafly married attorney John Fred Schlafly Jr. in 1949. He came from a wealthy St. Louis family whose immigrant ancestors founded a firm dealing in groceries, dishes, hardware, and agricultural implements.

What is Conservapedia, and who created it?

Conservapedia is a wiki-based encyclopedia created by Andrew Schlafly, one of Phyllis Schlafly's sons. It aims to present information from a conservative perspective.

What was the "STOP ERA" campaign?

The "STOP ERA" campaign was an initiative organized by Phyllis Schlafly to oppose the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. The acronym STOP stood for "Stop Taking Our Privileges."

What was Phyllis Schlafly's view on the role of the Republican Party in relation to white voters?

Phyllis Schlafly advised the Republican Party to focus on mobilizing white voters, particularly those who did not vote in previous elections, rather than attempting to appeal to Hispanic voters. She expressed skepticism about whether Hispanic immigrants would vote Republican.

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Biographical Overview

Foundational Identity

Phyllis Stewart Schlafly (née Stewart; August 15, 1924 – September 5, 2016) was a prominent American attorney, conservative activist, and influential anti-feminist figure. Nationally recognized for her conservative social and political viewpoints, she significantly impacted American political discourse throughout the latter half of the 20th century.^[1]^[2]

Academic and Early Career

Schlafly pursued higher education at Washington University in St. Louis, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree and membership in Phi Beta Kappa in 1944. She furthered her studies at Harvard University, obtaining a Master of Arts in government in 1945. Later, in 1978, she completed her Juris Doctor at Washington University School of Law.^[11]^[12] Her early career included research for the American Enterprise Institute and involvement in political campaigns, such as Congressman Claude I. Bakewell's successful 1946 bid.^[13]

Political Aspirations and Engagement

Schlafly made attempts at elected office, running as a Republican for the U.S. House of Representatives in Illinois's 24th congressional district in 1952 and 1960. Although she won her primary elections, she was unsuccessful in the general elections.^[14]^[21] She consistently attended Republican National Conventions from 1952 until her death, demonstrating sustained engagement with the party's platform and direction.^[18]

Key Activism and Influence

The "STOP ERA" Campaign

Schlafly rose to national prominence through her leadership of the "STOP ERA" campaign, a movement that successfully opposed the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution. She argued that the ERA would dismantle gender-specific privileges and protections for women, such as exemptions from military conscription and certain Social Security benefits.^[33]^[34] Her efforts are widely credited with galvanizing opposition and contributing significantly to the ERA's failure to achieve the necessary state ratifications.^[39]

"A Choice Not an Echo"

Her self-published book, A Choice Not an Echo (1964), became a pivotal text for the burgeoning conservative movement. This polemic supported Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign and critiqued liberal Republicans. Its distribution, reportedly over three million copies, significantly influenced conservative grassroots organizing and political strategy, particularly in California.^[23]^[24]

Founding the Eagle Forum

In 1972, Schlafly established the Eagle Forum, a conservative political interest group. She served as its chair and CEO until her death, utilizing it as a platform to advocate for her conservative principles and mobilize activists across various social and political issues.^[43] The organization played a crucial role in shaping conservative policy debates.

Core Viewpoints and Tenets

Traditional Family and Gender Roles

Schlafly championed traditional gender roles, positing that a woman's primary fulfillment lay in her roles as wife, mother, and homemaker. She viewed motherhood as the most socially valuable contribution a woman could make, arguing that the family unit was the bedrock of society and essential for raising responsible citizens. She contended that inherent differences between men and women were divinely ordained and not subject to societal redesign.^[56]^[58]^[59]

Critique of Gender Equality Measures

She critically examined concepts like the gender pay gap, characterizing it as feminist propaganda designed to force women into the workforce and undermine motherhood. Schlafly argued that societal structures benefiting from men earning more than women were beneficial for maintaining the traditional provider role. She also opposed same-sex marriage and civil unions, viewing them as attacks on the traditional definition of marriage.^[53]^[66]

Skepticism of Internationalism

Schlafly expressed significant skepticism towards international organizations like the United Nations, viewing them as threats to American sovereignty and national interests. She opposed U.S. military involvement in foreign conflicts, such as in Bosnia, arguing that American resources should not be used to police global disputes.^[69] She also voiced concerns about globalization and proposed North American Union initiatives.^[70]^[71]

Judicial Philosophy

A vocal critic of "activist judges," Schlafly argued for the impeachment of justices whose rulings she deemed contrary to constitutional principles. She specifically cited Justice Anthony Kennedy's vote to abolish the death penalty for minors as an example of judicial overreach.^[73] She also advocated for appointing military veterans to the Supreme Court.^[74]

Published Works and Media

Literary Contributions

Phyllis Schlafly authored or co-authored numerous books, covering a wide range of topics from national defense and child care to phonics education. Her most influential works include A Choice Not an Echo (1964), The Power of the Positive Woman (1977), and Feminist Fantasies (2003). She also maintained a syndicated weekly newspaper column through Creators Syndicate.^[102]

Media Presence

Schlafly was a frequent commentator on broadcast media, providing analyses on news radio stations (WBBM), television programs (CBS Morning News, CNN), and hosting her own radio talk show, Eagle Forum Live. Her media engagements extended from the 1970s through the 1980s, solidifying her public profile.^[43]

Enduring Legacy and Recognition

Academic and Cultural Impact

Schlafly's activism significantly influenced the trajectory of American conservatism and the women's movement. Her opposition to the ERA is considered a pivotal moment in 20th-century American politics.^[32]^[41] In recognition of her impact, Washington University in St. Louis awarded her an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree in 2008, an event that sparked protests from students and faculty critical of her views.^[87]^[88]

Portrayals in Media

Her life and activism have been depicted in popular culture, notably in the FX miniseries Mrs. America, where she was portrayed by Cate Blanchett. While the series garnered praise for its historical context, Schlafly's family and others have raised concerns about its accuracy.^[104]^[105] She is also referenced in literary works, such as Margaret Atwood's novel The Testaments.^[107]

Electoral History Summary

Schlafly's direct electoral history includes unsuccessful bids for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1952 and 1960. She also served as a delegate or alternate delegate to multiple Republican National Conventions, actively participating in the party's internal processes.^[15]^[21]

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References

Chip Berlet and Matthew N. Lyons. 2000. Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort. New York: Guilford Press, p. 202.

Carol Felsenthal, The Sweetheart of the Silent Majority: The Biography of Phyllis Schlafly. (Doubleday, 1981).

Donald Critchlow. Founding Mother-Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade, p. 422.

Conservative just co-authored a new book". St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 6, 2016, p. A13. Accessed September 17, 2023

Official Vote of the State of Illinois -- Cast at the General Election, November 4, 1952, Judicial Election, 1951 Primary Election General Primary, April 8, 1952, Compiled By Charles F. Carpentier Secretary of State (1952)

Official Vote of the State of Illinois Cast at the General Election November 8, 1952, Judicial Election 1959â1960 Primary Election General Primary April 12, 1960, Compiled by Charles F. Carpentier Secretary of State

Phyllis Schlafly, "Communist Master Plan for 1961", Cardinal Mindszenty Newsletter, February 15, 1961.

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, season 3, episode 7 "Marvelous Radio". Episode written and directed by Daniel Palladino. 2019.

Official Vote of the State of Illinois Cast at the General Election November 6, 1956, Judicial Election 1955, 1956 Primary Election General Primary, April 10, 1956 Compiled by Charles F. Carpentier Secretary of State (1956)

Official Vote of the State of Illinois Cast at the General Election, November 3, 1964, Judicial Election, 1963-1964 Primary Election General Primary, April 14, 1964, Compiled by Paul Powell Secretary of State (1964)

State of Illinois Official Vote Cast at the General Election, November 5, 1968, Judicial Primary Election General Primary, June 11, 1968, John W. Lewis Secretary of State (1968)

State of Illinois official Vote Cast at the General Election, November 7, 1972, Judicial Primary Election General Primary, March 21, 1972, Compiled by Michael J. Howlett Secretary of State (1972)

State of Illinois Official Vote Cast at the General Primary Election March 20, 1984, Compiled by State Board of Elections (1984)

State of Illinois Official Vote Cast at the General Primary Election March 15, 1988, Compiled by State Board of Elections (1980)

State of Illinois Official Vote Cast at the Primary Election General Primary, March 17, 1992, Compiled by the State Board of Elections (1992)

A full list of references for this article are available at the Phyllis Schlafly Wikipedia page

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Phyllis Schlafly

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Biographical Overview 👤

📜 Foundational Identity

🎓 Academic and Early Career

🏛️ Political Aspirations and Engagement

Key Activism and Influence 📢

📣 The "STOP ERA" Campaign

📚 "A Choice Not an Echo"

🦅 Founding the Eagle Forum

Core Viewpoints and Tenets 💡

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Traditional Family and Gender Roles

⚖️ Critique of Gender Equality Measures

🇺🇳 Skepticism of Internationalism

⚖️ Judicial Philosophy

Published Works and Media 📚

✍️ Literary Contributions

📺 Media Presence

Enduring Legacy and Recognition 🏛️

🏆 Academic and Cultural Impact

🎬 Portrayals in Media

📊 Electoral History Summary

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Biographical Overview

Foundational Identity

Academic and Early Career

Political Aspirations and Engagement

Key Activism and Influence

The "STOP ERA" Campaign

"A Choice Not an Echo"

Founding the Eagle Forum

Core Viewpoints and Tenets

Traditional Family and Gender Roles

Critique of Gender Equality Measures

Skepticism of Internationalism

Judicial Philosophy

Published Works and Media

Literary Contributions

Media Presence

Enduring Legacy and Recognition

Academic and Cultural Impact

Portrayals in Media

Electoral History Summary

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice