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What is Progressive Christianity?
A Postmodern Theological Approach
Progressive Christianity represents a spectrum of related perspectives within contemporary Christian theology and practice. It is characterized as a postmodern theological approach, evolving from the liberal Christianity of the modern era.1 Progressive Christians assert that core Christian messages, particularly those concerning social justice and care for the marginalized, are deeply rooted in biblical themes.
Core Values and Principles
This movement emphasizes a willingness to critically examine tradition, embrace human diversity, and champion social justice, compassion for the poor and oppressed, and environmental stewardship. A central tenet is the profound importance of Jesus Christ's instruction to "love one another" (John 15:17).2
Origins and Influence
The term "progressive Christianity" was first articulated by John H. W. Stuckenberg in the late 19th century, advocating for a faith grounded in Christ's teachings, free from dogmatic stagnation.3 The movement draws significant influence from the Social Gospel and the broader Progressive Movement, particularly in the United States, and has contributed to ecumenical efforts globally.
Historical Development
Roots in Social Justice
The emphasis on justice and care for the vulnerable is a recurring theme within the Hebrew prophetic tradition, which forms a foundational element of Christianity.4 This historical commitment to service and ministry has manifested in various Christian traditions and found expression in modern movements like the Social Gospel and the US Progressive Movement.
Modern Movements and Ecumenism
Throughout the 20th century, progressive Christian thought articulated ideals for a just and compassionate society, influencing mainline Protestant and Catholic churches. It played a role in the ecumenical movement, with organizations like the World Student Christian Federation and the World Council of Churches fostering international dialogue and cooperation.
Contemporary Identity
The rise of socially conservative evangelicalism in the US prompted many Christians seeking a different theological orientation to identify as "progressive Christians." This has led to the establishment of key organizations and initiatives, including Progressive Christianity, Faithful America, Sojourners magazine, and the Red-Letter Christians movement, which advocate for Jesus' teachings on peace, poverty, human rights, and inclusivity.789
Key Themes and Variations
Theological Influences
Progressive Christianity is influenced by postmodern thought and draws from various theological streams, including process theology, liberation theology, feminist theology, womanist theology, and eco-theology. It is characterized by an emphasis on compassion, justice, mercy, and tolerance, often translating into political activism.
Interpretive Approach to Scripture
A central theme is a nuanced approach to the Bible, viewing it as seriously inspired but not necessarily literally true. Progressive Christians often embrace interpretive, metaphorical understandings of scripture, prioritizing orthopraxy (right actions) over strict orthodoxy (right beliefs).1
Inclusivity and Immanence
The movement champions inclusivity, viewing God's presence (immanence) as vital and often leaning towards panentheism. It emphasizes salvation as a present reality of abundant life, focusing on social and communal aspects, and does not consider homosexuality sinful. This approach is non-exclusive, acknowledging other valid paths to God.1
Environmental Consciousness
A significant aspect involves environmental ministries and an understanding of evolution as a spiritual process. Figures like Michael Dowd promote the "Epic of Evolution" or "Great Story," integrating scientific discovery with religious faith, viewing evolution as a meaningful, spiritual unfolding rather than mere chance.232526
Variations and Related Movements
Progressive Adventism
Within the Seventh-day Adventist Church, a liberal wing identifies as "progressive Adventists." While many retain an evangelical perspective, a segment embraces liberal Christian tenets, sometimes diverging from traditional church teachings.citation needed
UK Network
In the United Kingdom, the Progressive Christianity Britain network promotes eight non-credal points reflecting a progressive exploration of the Christian life. The network actively organizes group meetings across the country.1011
Distinctions
While often used interchangeably, "progressive Christianity" and "liberal Christianity" possess distinct nuances. Furthermore, progressive Christianity is not synonymous with progressive politics, though shared values like social justice often create overlap.1
Critical Perspectives
Challenges to Definition
Critics, such as Geoff Thompson, suggest that certain interpretations within progressive Christianity, exemplified by figures like Gretta Vosper and John Shelby Spong, may overextend their arguments. Thompson posits that it becomes difficult to ascertain how such minimal, idiosyncratic definitions still necessitate a connection to the church or Christianity itself.27
Key Festivals and Conferences
Gatherings for Dialogue
Several prominent events serve as focal points for the progressive Christian movement, fostering dialogue, community, and theological exploration:
- The Greenbelt Festival
- The Wild Goose Festival
- Christianity21 conferences
- The Lion & the Lamb Festival
- The Embrace Festival
Influential Figures
Leading Voices
The movement has been shaped by numerous theologians, writers, and activists who have articulated its core ideas and advocated for its principles. Notable figures include:
- John Shelby Spong
- Marcus Borg
- Diana Butler Bass
- Brian McLaren
- John Dominic Crossan
- Richard Rohr
- Yvette Flunder
- David Hayward (Nakedpastor)
- John Pavlovitz
- Rachel Held Evans
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References
References
- Progressive Christian Network Britain, Homepage, accessed 19 January 2024
- PCN Britain, Groups and Churches, accessed 16 January 2024
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Important Notice
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This is not theological or philosophical advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional theological consultation, study, or personal spiritual guidance. Always consult with qualified religious scholars, theologians, or spiritual leaders for matters of faith and practice.
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