Putney: A Thameside Tapestry
An exploration of Putney, a district in southwest London, examining its historical significance, cultural contributions, and enduring connection to the River Thames.
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Historical Trajectory
Ancient Origins and Administration
Putney, documented as Putelei in the Domesday Book of 1086, derives its name from the Anglo-Saxon "Puttan hythe," signifying Putta's landing place. Initially part of Surrey, it evolved from a medieval parish into a significant London district. Its administrative journey saw it incorporated into the Wandsworth District under the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855, later becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and finally the London Borough of Wandsworth in 1965. The area covered approximately 9.11 km2, though parts like Roehampton later gained separate status.
Royal and Political Connections
Putney has been a site of historical note for centuries. It was the birthplace of Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, a key figure in Henry VIII's reign. Later, it was home to Edward Gibbon, the esteemed historian, and Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The area also witnessed significant political discourse during the English Civil War, with the Putney Debates held at St. Mary's Church, influencing ideas of democratic governance.
Village to Urban Center
In the mid-19th century, Putney was a village characterized by its proximity to the Thames, with a wooden bridge connecting it to Fulham. The advent of the London and South Western Railway and the District Railway facilitated its growth, transforming it into a desirable residential area for those working in the City of London. This development led to a significant increase in housing and a shift from its rural roots to a more urbanized landscape.
The Thames Crossing
From Ferry to Stone Bridge
The first river crossing at Putney was a pontoon bridge constructed by Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War in 1642. The need for a permanent structure was recognized, reportedly spurred by Sir Robert Walpole's inconvenience with the ferry service. The first permanent bridge, a wooden structure completed in 1729, served for 150 years before being replaced by the current stone bridge in 1886, marking a significant infrastructural development for the area.
Rowing Hub and the Boat Race
Since the mid-19th century, Putney Embankment has been a vital center for rowing. The cleaner waters and reduced commercial traffic compared to central London made it ideal for the sport. The establishment of numerous rowing clubs, including London Rowing Club and Thames Rowing Club, has produced many Olympic medalists and Henley winners. Putney also serves as the traditional starting point for the annual University Boat Race, a prestigious event that has been contested here since 1845.
St. Mary's Church: A Forum for Ideas
The Putney Debates
St. Mary's Church, the parish church of Putney, holds historical significance as the venue for the pivotal Putney Debates in 1647. During the English Civil War, soldiers of the New Model Army, including the Levellers, convened here to discuss radical proposals for a new form of governance. Ideas such as popular sovereignty, equitable representation, religious freedom, and equality before the law were debated, influencing later democratic movements, including the foundational principles of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Putney Heath: Leisure and Legend
Royal Reviews and Duels
Putney Heath has long been a site for public gatherings and historical events. Royalty, including Charles II and George III, reviewed troops here. It also served as a venue for duels, most notably between Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger and MP William Tierney in 1798. The heath was also notorious for highwaymen, with the infamous Jeremiah Abershaw being executed and displayed there in 1795.
Hartley's Fireproof House
A notable landmark on Putney Heath is the Hartley Memorial Obelisk, erected in 1770. It commemorates David Hartley the Younger's invention of fireproof house construction. His experimental house, built on the heath, was subjected to fire tests witnessed by King George III and Queen Charlotte, demonstrating the effectiveness of his innovative techniques. The obelisk remains a Grade II listed structure.
Semaphore Station
Due to its elevation, Putney Heath hosted a crucial station in the semaphore telegraph chain connecting the Admiralty in London to Portsmouth from 1796 to 1816. This system allowed messages to be transmitted rapidly between locations, highlighting Putney's strategic importance in communication networks of the era.
Local Character and Development
Evolving Identity
Historically, Putney was a favored spot for Londoners seeking leisure and fresh air. In modern times, surveys have noted a tendency towards "cloned" high street shopping, suggesting a potential lack of unique local character in its commercial areas. However, the area retains a strong sense of place, particularly along the Thames, which is recognized as a conservation area.
Demographic Profile
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Composition
Census data from 2011 indicates Putney's continued association with professional classes, including a significant proportion of residents in managerial, administrative, and professional occupations. The area exhibits a predominantly white population (81%), with notable Asian (8%) and Black (5%) communities. A substantial percentage of residents (65%) were born in the UK. Christianity is the most common religion, followed by a significant non-religious population.
International Connections
Putney is noted for its high concentration of residents from Australia and New Zealand, and it hosts more South African residents than any other region in the UK, reflecting its international appeal and community diversity.
Political Representation
Parliamentary Representation
The Member of Parliament for the Putney constituency, since the 2019 general election, is Fleur Anderson, representing the Labour Party. This reflects the area's dynamic political landscape within the broader context of London governance.
Rowing Heritage
A Center for Aquatic Sport
Putney's identity is deeply intertwined with rowing. The Thames at Putney provides a conducive environment for the sport, attracting numerous rowing clubs. These clubs have historically fostered elite talent, contributing significantly to British success in international rowing competitions. The area's association with the University Boat Race, starting near Putney Bridge, further solidifies its status as a significant venue in the world of rowing.
Artistic Expressions
Public Art and Sculptors
Putney boasts a notable connection to sculpture, notably through the Putney Sculpture Trail along the Thames, featuring works by artist Alan Thornhill. The area also has historical links to prominent sculptors, including Sir Jacob Epstein, who is buried in Putney Vale Cemetery, and Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, who had a studio in Putney during his final year. These connections underscore Putney's contribution to the artistic landscape.
Connectivity and Transport
Rail, Tube, and River Access
Putney is well-connected, served by South Western Railway trains from Putney station to London Waterloo. The London Underground's District line serves East Putney tube station, while Putney Bridge tube station is accessible across the river in Fulham. Numerous bus routes, including night services, operate within the area, and Putney Pier offers River Bus services, enhancing its accessibility and integration within London's transport network.
Notable Residents
Figures of Influence
Putney has been home to a diverse array of influential individuals across various fields. From political leaders like Clement Attlee and historical figures like Thomas Cromwell, to artists such as Sir Sidney Nolan and J.R.A. Ackerley, and sporting personalities like Joe Joyce and David Luiz, the area has nurtured significant talent. The presence of these figures highlights Putney's enduring appeal as a place of residence for those shaping culture, politics, and society.
Perspectives on Putney
A Pleasant and Accessible Suburb
In 1903, J. C. Geikie described Putney as "one of the pleasantest of the London suburbs, as well as the most accessible." He noted its popularity, evidenced by the immense increase in housing, yet emphasized the preservation of open ground, wood, water, and hills, ensuring a "freshness and openness" rarely found so close to London. This sentiment captures Putney's enduring appeal as a desirable residential locale.
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References
References
- All of the wards in the Putney constituency (population 93,396) are part of the town of Putney apart from Southfields (population 16,256)
- Entry in the National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868), genuki.org.uk; accessed 29 July 2017.
- George & Michael Dewe, The Predecessor of Putney Bridge รขยย Fulham Bridge 1729รขยย1886 (1986)
- Diary of Samuel Pepys/1667/April
- Geikie, J. C. (1903). The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney. London: A & C Black, p. 85.
- Geikie, J. C. (1903). The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney. London: A & C Black, p. 84.
- Geikie, J. C. (1903), The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney. London: A & C Black, pp. 84รขยย86.
- Geikie, J. C. (1903). The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney. London: A & C Black, p. 83.
- Putney Embankment Conservation Area. London Borough of Wandsworth
- Spirit in Mass: Journey into Sculpture (2007). UK documentary film (PG). Alan Thornhill Sculpture.
- Geikie, J. C. (1903). The Fascination of London: Hammersmith, Fulham and Putney. London: A & C Black, p. 94.
- See Charles Booth (philanthropist)'s map for an indication of building cost of this street.
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Important Notice
This content has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence, drawing upon publicly available information. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, it is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The information provided is not a substitute for professional historical research, local authority consultation, or expert advice.
This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional consultation regarding historical accuracy, property development, or any other specialized field. Always consult with qualified professionals for specific needs.
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