According to the OECD PISA framework, how is scientific literacy defined?

The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) defines scientific literacy as the ability to engage with science-related issues and the ideas of science as a reflective citizen. This implies an individual's capacity to interact thoughtfully with scientific topics in their daily life.

What are the three core competencies of scientific literacy as outlined by the OECD PISA framework?

The three core competencies are: 1) Explaining phenomena scientifically, which involves recognizing, offering, and evaluating explanations for natural and technological events. 2) Evaluating and designing scientific inquiry, meaning the ability to describe, appraise, and propose scientific investigations. 3) Interpreting data and evidence scientifically, which requires analyzing and evaluating data, claims, and arguments in various representations to draw sound conclusions.

What specific capacities does the NCES associate with a scientifically literate person?

A scientifically literate person, according to the NCES, can understand, experiment with, and reason about scientific facts and their meanings. They can also ask for and find answers to questions arising from curiosity about everyday experiences, describe, explain, and predict natural phenomena, and critically read and discuss science in the popular press.

Beyond understanding facts, what other abilities are considered part of scientific literacy by the NCES?

The NCES also states that a scientifically literate person can identify scientific issues relevant to national and local decisions, express informed positions on these issues, evaluate the quality of scientific information based on its source and methodology, and construct and assess arguments using evidence.

In what ways does scientific literacy relate to environmental and social issues?

Scientific literacy, particularly in contexts like ocean, Earth, and climate literacy, involves understanding the science pertinent to environmental and social issues. It also includes the ability to communicate clearly about these scientific aspects and make informed decisions regarding them.

What attitude is associated with scientific literacy, according to the text?

A scientifically literate individual is described as having particular attitudes toward learning and using science, including the capability and willingness to research matters of fact independently. This suggests a proactive and self-directed approach to understanding scientific information.

What historical events in the United States influenced reforms in science education and the concept of scientific literacy?

Reforms in U.S. science education have been significantly influenced by strategic challenges such as the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 and the Japanese economic boom in the 1980s. These events highlighted perceived gaps in scientific and technological capabilities.

Who popularized the term 'science literacy' in the United States, and what was their concern?

Paul Hurd popularized the term 'science literacy' in 1958. He expressed concern that the rapid advancements in science and technology were not being matched by a corresponding understanding among the general population, stating that the immediate problem was 'one of closing the gap between the wealth of scientific achievement and the poverty of scientific literacy in America'.

How did the definition of science literacy evolve from its initial stages?

Initially, science literacy definitions often focused on traditional scientific content like biology, chemistry, and physics, with Earth science narrowly defined. Over time, particularly influenced by fields like oceanography, the notion expanded to include more contemporary, systems-oriented views of the natural world.

How has the perception of scientific knowledge changed in relation to scientific literacy since the 1950s?

Since the 1950s, scientific literacy has increasingly emphasized that scientific knowledge is socially situated and heavily influenced by personal experience. This perspective moves beyond a purely objective or detached view of science.

What significant U.S. publications shaped the understanding of science literacy in the late 1980s and early 1990s?

Key publications that influenced the understanding of science literacy during this period were 'Science for All Americans' (1991) and 'Benchmarks for Science Literacy' (1993). These documents aimed to define what all students should know and be able to do in science.

What did the National Science Education Standards (1996) emphasize regarding scientific literacy?

The National Science Education Standards (1996) defined scientific literacy similarly to the NCES, focusing on knowledge and understanding for personal decision-making, civic participation, and economic productivity. Crucially, it also emphasized that scientific literacy involved developing key abilities and skills, not just memorizing content.

What are the key norms associated with the scientific 'ethos' that facilitate participation in scientific discourse?

The scientific ethos includes norms such as observations and hypotheses being part of a communal process, ideas being valued over the status of the person voicing them, disinterested evidence being paramount over desired outcomes, and statements extending beyond observations being subject to testing.

What contemporary challenges are highlighted in recent calls for scientific literacy?

More recent discussions emphasize the dangers of misinformation and disinformation. They suggest that civic science literacy, digital media science literacy, and cognitive science literacy are vital components for individuals to be scientifically informed and make sound decisions in a democratic society.

What did Pew Research Center findings suggest about the views of citizens and scientists in the U.S. regarding science and education?

Pew Research Center findings indicated that citizens and scientists hold significantly different views on various science, engineering, and technology issues. Both groups also rated K-12 STEM education in the U.S. poorly.

What is the central theme of scientific literacy concerning Earth systems?

The central theme of scientific literacy in Earth systems is the interdependence of humans and the natural environment. This involves understanding how we impact the environment and how it, in turn, impacts us.

What are the core qualities of an Earth-science-literate person, as defined by the Earth Science Literacy Initiative?

An Earth-science-literate person understands the fundamental concepts of Earth's systems, knows how to find and assess scientifically credible information about Earth, can communicate effectively about Earth science, and is capable of making informed and responsible decisions regarding Earth and its resources.

How is ocean literacy specifically defined in relation to human interaction?

Ocean literacy is defined as understanding our impact on the ocean and, conversely, the ocean's impact on us. This highlights the reciprocal relationship between humanity and the marine environment.

What guiding principle for decision-making is associated with climate literacy?

A key guiding principle for decision-making in climate literacy is the understanding that humans can take action to reduce climate change and its impacts. This emphasizes agency and the potential for mitigation and adaptation.

What socially relevant contexts are often included in discussions of scientific literacy, beyond core scientific fields?

Discussions of scientific literacy often incorporate socially relevant contexts such as ecological literacy and the 'well-being of Earth.' Concerns are raised about whether a lack of scientific understanding could imperil democratic life and national security.

What specific scientific topics are mentioned in relation to physics literacy?

Physics literacy discussions include topics such as energy conservation, ozone depletion, and global warming. These examples illustrate how physics concepts connect to significant environmental issues.

What values does the Chemistry Literacy Project emphasize?

The Chemistry Literacy Project's mission statement includes environmental and social justice, indicating a focus on the broader societal implications of chemistry knowledge.

How is technological literacy defined in relation to societal values?

Technological literacy acknowledges that technology can carry risks and that it fundamentally reflects the values and culture of society. This perspective emphasizes the social embeddedness of technological development and use.

How do attitudes about science impact scientific literacy?

Attitudes about science, which reside in the affective domain of learning, can significantly affect scientific literacy. Negative attitudes, such as fear of science, can act as an impediment to comprehension and future learning, functioning like an 'affective filter'.

What trend has been observed regarding student attitudes toward science in the United States?

In the United States, student attitudes toward science tend to decline starting in the fourth grade and continue to decrease through middle and high school. This decline is often linked to increased emphasis on grades and a resulting loss of motivation.

What factors can positively influence student attitudes toward science in the classroom?

Modern teaching strategies such as student-centered instruction, innovative learning approaches, and project-based learning have been shown to positively impact student attitudes toward science. Utilizing a variety of teaching techniques also contributes to improved engagement.

Why is the affective domain (attitudes) often not addressed in K-12 learning standards?

The affective domain is often not commonly addressed in K-12 learning standards due to the inherent difficulty in developing effective teaching strategies and reliably assessing student attitudes. This makes it challenging to integrate into standardized curricula.

What is the primary goal of drafting science literacy documents in education?

The explicit intent behind drafting science literacy documents is to influence educational standards, thereby driving curriculum development, teaching practices, assessment methods, and ultimately, student learning nationwide.

What are some examples of programs designed to promote scientific literacy among students?

Programs aimed at promoting scientific literacy include the Global Challenge Award, the National Ocean Sciences Bowl, and Action Bioscience. Technology companies also sponsor various initiatives.

How does the United States compare to other countries in terms of adult scientific literacy, according to the OECD?

According to the OECD, the scientific literacy of adults in the United States is not measurably different from the OECD average. While behind Sweden, the U.S. rate is slightly higher than several other European nations and double the rate reported in the UK in 2005.

What tools are university educators using to measure scientific literacy?

University educators are increasingly using concept inventories to measure scientific literacy. These diagnostic tools are being developed and applied in fields such as physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and earth science.

What is the historical significance of Sputnik in relation to science education?

The launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 served as a major catalyst for reforms in science education in the United States. It prompted a national re-evaluation of science curricula and teaching methods to bolster scientific and technological competitiveness.

What does it mean to 'explain phenomena scientifically' as a competency of scientific literacy?

To 'explain phenomena scientifically' means having the ability to recognize, propose, and evaluate explanations for a variety of natural and technological events. This involves understanding cause-and-effect relationships and applying scientific principles to real-world occurrences.

What does it mean to 'evaluate and design scientific inquiry' as a competency of scientific literacy?

This competency involves the ability to describe and appraise scientific investigations, understanding how experiments are structured and what constitutes valid evidence. It also includes proposing ways to address questions using scientific methods.

What does it mean to 'interpret data and evidence scientifically' as a competency of scientific literacy?

Interpreting data and evidence scientifically means being able to analyze and evaluate data, claims, and arguments presented in various formats, such as graphs, tables, or text. It also involves drawing appropriate and logical scientific conclusions based on that evidence.

What is the relationship between scientific literacy and responsible citizenship?

Scientific literacy is considered essential for responsible members of society. It equips individuals with the working knowledge of science and its societal role needed to make better decisions, enrich their lives, and participate effectively in civic discourse.

How does scientific literacy relate to understanding everyday experiences?

Scientific literacy enables individuals to ask questions derived from curiosity about everyday experiences and to find or determine answers to those questions. It connects scientific principles to the observable world around us.

What is the significance of 'civic science literacy' in the current context?

Civic science literacy is increasingly important for enabling individuals to engage in informed decision-making within a democratic society, particularly in navigating the challenges posed by misinformation and disinformation in the digital age.

What does it mean for scientific knowledge to be 'socially situated'?

The idea that scientific knowledge is 'socially situated' means it is influenced by social contexts, cultural factors, and personal experiences, rather than being purely objective and detached from human society. This perspective acknowledges the human element in the creation and interpretation of science.

What is the role of 'empiricism' in scientific literacy?

Empiricism is a key component of scientific literacy, emphasizing the importance of observation and evidence derived from the senses as the basis for knowledge. Understanding empiricism is crucial for evaluating scientific claims.

How can negative attitudes towards science impede learning?

Negative attitudes, such as fear or apprehension towards science, can act as an 'affective filter.' This filter can block the comprehension of scientific concepts and hinder future learning goals, even if the cognitive capacity is present.

What is the purpose of concept inventories in measuring scientific literacy?

Concept inventories are diagnostic tools used by university educators to measure scientific literacy. They help assess students' understanding of fundamental concepts within specific scientific disciplines like physics, biology, or earth science.

What does 'science communication' entail in the context of scientific literacy?

In the context of scientific literacy, science communication involves the ability to clearly articulate and discuss scientific concepts, particularly those related to environmental and social issues. Effective communication is key for informed decision-making.

What is the significance of 'responsible decisions' regarding Earth and its resources in Earth science literacy?

Being able to make informed and responsible decisions regarding Earth and its resources is a key outcome of Earth science literacy. It means applying scientific understanding to issues of resource management, environmental protection, and sustainability.

Scientific Literacy Wiki: Illuminating Inquiry: The Pillars of Scientific Literacy

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Defining Scientific Literacy

Core Definition

Scientific literacy, or science literacy, encompasses written, numerical, and digital competencies as they relate to understanding science, its methodologies, observations, and theories. It is fundamentally about comprehending the scientific method, measurement techniques, empiricism, and the interpretation of statistics, including correlations and the distinction between qualitative and quantitative observations. A basic grasp of core scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, and computation is also integral.

Global Perspective (OECD PISA)

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) defines scientific literacy as "the ability to engage with science-related issues, and with the ideas of science, as a reflective citizen." This perspective emphasizes active participation and reasoned discourse on scientific and technological matters.

A scientifically literate individual, according to PISA, possesses the following competencies:

Explain phenomena scientifically: Recognizing, offering, and evaluating explanations for natural and technological phenomena.
Evaluate and design scientific inquiry: Describing, appraising, and proposing scientific investigations.
Interpret data and evidence scientifically: Analyzing and evaluating data, claims, and arguments in various representations to draw appropriate scientific conclusions.

U.S. National Perspective (NCES)

The United States National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) defines scientific literacy as "the knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts and processes required for personal decision making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity."

This definition highlights the capacity to:

Understand, experiment with, and reason about scientific facts and their implications.
Formulate and seek answers to questions driven by curiosity about everyday experiences.
Describe, explain, and predict natural phenomena.
Comprehend science-related articles in the popular press and engage in discussions about the validity of conclusions.
Identify scientific issues underpinning societal decisions and articulate informed positions.
Evaluate the quality of scientific information based on its source and methodology.
Construct and assess arguments based on evidence and apply conclusions appropriately.

The Scientific Method

Foundation of Inquiry

Central to scientific literacy is a robust understanding of the scientific method. This systematic approach to acquiring knowledge involves observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, data analysis, and the drawing of conclusions. It is an iterative process that emphasizes empirical evidence and logical reasoning.

Understanding Data and Statistics

Scientific literacy necessitates proficiency in interpreting data and evidence. This includes understanding statistical concepts, differentiating between correlation and causation, and discerning the validity of quantitative versus qualitative observations. The ability to critically assess data is paramount for informed decision-making.

Empiricism and Theory

Empiricism, the principle that knowledge is derived from sensory experience, forms the bedrock of scientific inquiry. Scientific literacy involves understanding how empirical observations contribute to the development and refinement of scientific theories, which are well-substantiated explanations of aspects of the natural world.

Fundamental Scientific Concepts

Core Disciplines

Scientific literacy requires a foundational understanding across major scientific disciplines. This includes:

Physics: Principles governing matter, energy, space, and time.
Chemistry: The study of matter, its properties, composition, and reactions.
Biology: The science of life and living organisms.
Ecology: The study of interactions among organisms and their environment.
Geology: The science of the Earth's physical structure and substance.
Computation: The principles and processes of computation and data handling.

Interconnected Systems

Modern scientific literacy emphasizes understanding the interconnectedness of Earth's systems. This includes appreciating how oceans, atmosphere, climate, and geological processes interact, and how human activities impact these systems. This holistic view is crucial for addressing contemporary environmental and societal challenges.

Communication and Decision-Making

Beyond knowledge, scientific literacy involves the ability to communicate scientific ideas clearly and to use scientific understanding to make informed decisions. This applies to personal choices, civic engagement, and understanding the societal implications of scientific and technological advancements.

Historical Evolution

Post-Sputnik Era

The concept of scientific literacy gained prominence in the United States following the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik in 1957. This event spurred a national focus on improving science education to address perceived deficits in scientific understanding and technological capability.

Paul Hurd's Influence

Paul Hurd is credited with popularizing the term "science literacy" in 1958. He argued that the immediate challenge was to bridge the gap between scientific achievements and the public's understanding, emphasizing that mastery of science was essential preparation for modern life.

Shifting Paradigms

Since the mid-20th century, the definition of scientific literacy has evolved. It moved from a focus on content knowledge to a broader emphasis on scientific processes, critical thinking, and the social context of science. Publications like "Science for All Americans" and "Benchmarks for Science Literacy" reflected this shift towards a more comprehensive understanding.

Attitudes and Engagement

The Affective Domain

Attitudes toward science are a critical component of scientific literacy, residing in the affective domain of learning. Negative attitudes, such as fear or disinterest, can act as barriers to comprehension and future engagement, underscoring the importance of fostering positive dispositions towards science from an early age.

Student Attitudes Over Time

Studies indicate that student attitudes toward science often decline from elementary to high school, frequently linked to increased emphasis on grades and perceived academic achievement. Maintaining student motivation is key to cultivating and preserving positive attitudes towards scientific subjects.

Empowerment and Responsibility

A mature understanding of scientific literacy includes attitudes related to one's role in the world. This involves recognizing personal responsibility for the well-being of the environment and feeling empowered to effect positive change through informed decision-making. This aspect connects scientific knowledge to civic action.

Science, Society, and Environment

Interdependence

Scientific literacy is deeply intertwined with understanding the interdependence between humans and the environment. This perspective is central to various forms of literacy, including ocean, climate, and Earth science literacy, highlighting how scientific knowledge informs our relationship with the planet.

Civic Responsibility

A scientifically literate citizenry is essential for a functioning democracy. It enables individuals to engage critically with complex issues, evaluate information sources, and make informed decisions on matters ranging from public health to environmental policy, thereby contributing to responsible governance.

Navigating Misinformation

In the contemporary digital age, scientific literacy is increasingly vital for identifying and countering misinformation and disinformation. Possessing digital media and cognitive science literacy skills allows individuals to critically assess the information they encounter, ensuring their understanding is based on credible evidence.

Measuring Literacy

Assessment Tools

Developing reliable instruments to measure scientific literacy is an ongoing effort. Concept inventories, widely used in fields like physics, chemistry, and biology, serve as diagnostic tools to assess students' understanding of fundamental scientific concepts and identify areas needing improvement.

International Comparisons

International assessments, such as the OECD's PISA, provide valuable data for comparing the scientific literacy levels of students across different countries. These comparisons help identify educational strengths and weaknesses and inform policy decisions aimed at enhancing science education globally.

Influencing Standards

Efforts to promote scientific literacy are closely linked to educational standards movements. Documents like the National Science Education Standards aim to influence curriculum development, teaching practices, and assessment methods to ensure that students graduate with a robust understanding of science and its role in society.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Scientific Literacy" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about scientific_literacy while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

duchy of w ürttemberg

parachaetodon

calculator watch

References

Noam Chomsky on what it means to be educated

American Association for the Advancement of Science 1993

Klymkowsky, Underwood & Garvin-Doxas 2010

A full list of references for this article are available at the Scientific literacy Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional educational, scientific, or policy consultation. Always refer to official documentation and consult with qualified professionals for specific needs. Never disregard professional advice because of something you have read on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Illuminating Inquiry

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Defining Scientific Literacy ℹ️

📚 Core Definition

🌍 Global Perspective (OECD PISA)

🇺🇸 U.S. National Perspective (NCES)

The Scientific Method 🔬

🤔 Foundation of Inquiry

📊 Understanding Data and Statistics

💡 Empiricism and Theory

Fundamental Scientific Concepts 🧠

⚛️ Core Disciplines

🌐 Interconnected Systems

🗣️ Communication and Decision-Making

Historical Evolution ⏳

🚀 Post-Sputnik Era

🗣️ Paul Hurd's Influence

🔄 Shifting Paradigms

Attitudes and Engagement 😊

❤️ The Affective Domain

📈 Student Attitudes Over Time

💪 Empowerment and Responsibility

Science, Society, and Environment 🤝

🌍 Interdependence

⚖️ Civic Responsibility

⚠️ Navigating Misinformation

Measuring Literacy 📏

📏 Assessment Tools

📊 International Comparisons

🎯 Influencing Standards

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Defining Scientific Literacy

Core Definition

Global Perspective (OECD PISA)

U.S. National Perspective (NCES)

The Scientific Method

Foundation of Inquiry

Understanding Data and Statistics

Empiricism and Theory

Fundamental Scientific Concepts

Core Disciplines

Interconnected Systems

Communication and Decision-Making

Historical Evolution

Post-Sputnik Era

Paul Hurd's Influence

Shifting Paradigms

Attitudes and Engagement

The Affective Domain

Student Attitudes Over Time

Empowerment and Responsibility

Science, Society, and Environment

Interdependence

Civic Responsibility

Navigating Misinformation

Measuring Literacy

Assessment Tools

International Comparisons

Influencing Standards

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice