What is the geographical location of Telangana within India?

Telangana is situated in the south-central part of India, specifically on the high Deccan Plateau, within the Indian subcontinent. It shares borders with Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Karnataka to the southwest.

How does Telangana rank among Indian states in terms of area and population?

Telangana is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the twelfth most populated state, according to the 2011 census.

When was Telangana officially formed as a state, and what is its capital city?

Telangana was officially formed on June 2, 2014, when it was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad serves as its capital city.

What are the official languages of Telangana, and what other languages are spoken there?

Telugu is the primary official language of Telangana and is recognized as one of India's classical languages. Urdu is the second official language. Additionally, various tribal languages such as Gondi, Kolami, Koya, and Lambadi are spoken in different regions of the state.

What is the economic standing of Telangana in India, and what are its key economic drivers?

Telangana's economy is the eighth largest in India. While agriculture is a primary driver, the state has also emerged as a significant hub for the IT software, industry, and services sectors, including defence aerospace and research labs.

What are the proposed origins of the name "Telangana"?

One popular etymology suggests the name derives from "Trilinga Desha," meaning "land of three lingas," referring to three prominent Shaivite shrines: Kaleshwaram, Srisailam, and Draksharama. Another theory, proposed by historian Jayadheer Tirumala Rao, suggests a Gondi origin from "Telangadh," meaning "south" in the Gondi language.

Who was Malik Maqbul Tilangani, and what is his significance in the etymology of Telangana?

Malik Maqbul Tilangani was a 14th-century CE figure who served as the commander of Warangal Fort and later as a minister under Firuz Shah Tughlaq. His epithet "Tilangani" suggests he was from the Telangana region, indicating an early recorded use of a similar term.

How did the name "Telangana" come to be used to distinguish a specific region?

The name "Telangana" evolved from "Telinga" to differentiate the predominantly Telugu-speaking region of the former Hyderabad State from its predominantly Marathi-speaking region, Marathwada.

Which historical empires and dynasties ruled the Telangana region before the medieval period?

Before the medieval period, the Telangana region was part of empires such as the Mauryans and the Satavahanas, and was ruled by dynasties including the Vishnukundinas, Chalukyas, Cholas, Rashtrakutas, and Kakatiyas.

What period is considered the golden age for the Kakatiya dynasty, and who were some of its prominent rulers?

The reign of the Kakatiya dynasty, from 1083 to 1323 CE, is considered the golden age for the Telangana region. Prominent rulers included Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II.

How did the Qutb Shahi dynasty come to power in the region, and what significant event marked the end of their rule?

Quli Qutb Mulk, a governor of Golconda, established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518 after revolting against the Bahmani Sultanate. Their rule ended on September 21, 1687, when the Golconda Sultanate fell under the control of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege.

What was the economic significance of Golconda in the 17th century?

Golconda established itself as a major diamond trading center. Until the end of the 19th century, the Golconda market was the primary source for the world's finest and largest diamonds, leading to the legendary name "Golconda Diamonds."

How did the Asaf Jahi dynasty establish its rule in the Deccan region?

In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan, after reclaiming the Deccan province by defeating Mubariz Khan, established his rule, initiating the Asaf Jahi dynasty. He named the area Hyderabad Deccan, and subsequent rulers were known as the Asif Jahi Nizams.

What was the impact of the subsidiary alliance signed by the Nizam of Hyderabad with the British in 1798?

The subsidiary alliance led to financial strain on the Nizam's government, as it had to pay large sums annually to the British East India Company for troops. This financial pressure eventually resulted in the EIC taking control of the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions from the Nizams.

What happened to Hyderabad State after India gained independence in 1947?

After India's independence, the Nizam of Hyderabad initially sought to remain independent. However, the Indian government annexed Hyderabad State on September 17, 1948, through a military operation known as Operation Polo.

Who was the first chief minister of Hyderabad State after its integration into India, and what language policy change occurred?

M. K. Vellodi was appointed as the first chief minister of Hyderabad State on January 26, 1950. Following this, Urdu, the previous official language, was replaced by English.

What was the Telangana Rebellion, and who supported it?

The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt that took place in the Hyderabad State between 1946 and 1951. It was supported by the Communist Party of India (CPI) and targeted feudal landlords and later the Nizam.

What was the purpose of the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) appointed in 1953?

The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was appointed in December 1953 with the objective of reorganizing states on a linguistic basis across India.

What was the "Gentlemen's Agreement" of 1956 concerning Telangana?

The Gentlemen's Agreement, reached on February 20, 1956, was an accord between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders to merge Telangana with Andhra State, with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests. This agreement paved the way for the formation of Andhra Pradesh.

What were the major movements that sought to revoke the merger of Telangana with Andhra Pradesh?

Major movements advocating for the separation of Telangana occurred in 1969, 1972, and significantly in the 21st century, led by figures like K. Chandrashekar Rao and organizations such as the Telangana Political Joint Action Committee (TJAC).

How is Telangana geographically situated, and what is its total area?

Telangana is located on the Deccan Plateau in south-central India. It covers an area of 112,077 square kilometers (43,273 square miles), making it the eleventh largest state by area.

Which major rivers flow through Telangana, and what is the general condition of the land regarding water?

Telangana is drained by the Godavari and Krishna rivers, with significant portions of their catchment areas within the state. Several minor rivers also flow through the region, but much of the land is described as arid.

What is the typical climate of Telangana, and what are the general temperature ranges during summer and winter?

Telangana experiences a predominantly hot and dry climate, characteristic of a semi-arid region. Summers, peaking in mid-April, see average high temperatures around 37-38°C (99-100°F), while mild winters in late November to early February have average temperatures around 22-23°C (72-73°F).

What type of ecoregion covers much of Telangana, and what is the state of its forest cover?

The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion covers a significant portion of Telangana. While the characteristic vegetation includes trees like Hardwickia binata and Albizia amara, over 80% of the original forest cover has been cleared due to human activities.

Name the three National Parks located within Telangana.

The three National Parks in Telangana are Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park in Hyderabad district, and Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Mrugavani National Park, both located in Ranga Reddy district.

What is the significance of the Kakatiya Kala Thoranam in Telangana's identity?

The Kakatiya Kala Thoranam, located within the Warangal Fort, has become a symbol of Telangana and is featured on the state's emblem, representing its rich historical and cultural heritage.

Which major religious destinations are found in Telangana, representing different faiths?

Telangana hosts numerous religious sites, including Hindu temples like the Lakshmi Narasimha Temple and Thousand Pillar Temple, Muslim sites such as the Makkah Masjid and Charminar, Christian centers like Medak Cathedral, and Buddhist sites like Nelakondapalli.

What is the overall literacy rate in Telangana according to the 2011 census, and which district had the highest and lowest rates?

According to the 2011 census, Telangana's overall literacy rate was 66.46%. Hyderabad district recorded the highest literacy rate at 80.96%, while Mahabubnagar district had the lowest at 56.06%.

How does Telangana's literacy rate compare to other large Indian states, according to a 2019 report?

A 2019 report indicated that Telangana's literacy rate of 72.8% was the fourth lowest among large states in India. The report also highlighted a particularly low literacy rate among rural women in the state.

How many districts does Telangana have, and how are they further divided for administrative purposes?

Telangana is divided into 33 districts. These districts are further organized into 70 revenue divisions, which are then subdivided into 584 mandals, and finally into 10,909 revenue villages.

What type of government system does Telangana follow, and what are its three main branches?

Telangana operates under a parliamentary system of representative democracy, similar to other Indian states. Its government structure comprises three branches: the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary.

Who constitutes the executive branch of Telangana's government?

The executive authority in Telangana is vested in the Council of Ministers, headed by the Chief Minister. The Governor serves as the titular head of government, appointed by the President of India.

Describe the structure of the Telangana Legislature.

The Telangana Legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Telangana Legislative Assembly with 119 members and the Telangana Legislative Council with 40 members. The Legislative Council is a permanent body, with one-third of its members retiring every two years.

What are the primary economic activities in Telangana?

The economy of Telangana is primarily driven by agriculture, with rice being the major food crop. Additionally, the state has a significant focus on information technology, biotechnology, and various manufacturing and services industries, particularly around Hyderabad.

What role do the Godavari and Krishna rivers play in Telangana's economy?

The Godavari and Krishna rivers are crucial for Telangana's economy as they provide essential irrigation for agriculture. Projects like the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, one of the world's highest masonry dams, are vital for water management and agricultural development.

What concerns have been raised regarding cotton farming practices in Telangana, particularly concerning GM seeds?

Concerns have been raised about the financial and social pressures on small cotton farmers due to the dominance of genetically modified (GM) cotton seeds. The privatization of seed markets has been linked to increased reliance on pesticides and fertilizers, potentially impacting farmers' traditional knowledge and decision-making processes.

What are some of the key industries located in and around Hyderabad, Telangana?

Key industries in Hyderabad include automobiles and auto components, pharmaceuticals, textiles and apparels, spices, and horticulture. The city is also a major hub for IT and ITES sectors, earning it the nickname "Cyberabad."

What is the significance of HITEC City in Hyderabad's economy?

HITEC City is a major Information Technology (IT) hub located in Hyderabad, Telangana. It plays a crucial role in the state's goal to promote information technology and has attracted numerous IT companies.

Name some of the prominent waterfalls in Telangana.

Notable waterfalls in Telangana include Kuntala Waterfall in Adilabad district, Bogatha Waterfall in Jayashankar Bhupalpally district, and Savatula Gundam Waterfalls, also in Adilabad district.

What are the major print media outlets in Telangana, covering both Telugu and English languages?

Major Telugu newspapers in Telangana include Nava Telangana, Sakshi, Andhra Jyothi, Eenadu, and Namaste Telangana. Prominent English newspapers are Deccan Chronicle, The Times of India, The Hindu, Telangana Today, and The Hans India.

What is the role of the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TGSRTC)?

The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TGSRTC) is the primary public transport provider in the state, responsible for connecting cities and villages across Telangana through its extensive bus network.

How extensive is the national highway network in Telangana?

Telangana has a network of 16 national highways, covering a total length of approximately 3,550.69 kilometers (2,206.30 miles).

What is the historical significance of railways in the Telangana region?

The history of railways in the Telangana region dates back to 1874 during the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad. The Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established, with the Nizam bearing the construction expenses, which was notable from the British perspective at the time.

Which is the main international airport serving Hyderabad, and what are the government's plans for other airports in the state?

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Shamshabad is the main international airport for Hyderabad. The government plans to upgrade airports in Warangal, Nizamabad, and Ramagundam, and construct new ones under the UDAN scheme.

What are some of the traditional folk arts and festivals celebrated in Telangana?

Telangana has a rich tradition of folk arts, including Burra Katha, shadow puppet shows, Perini Shivatandavam, Gusadi Dance, and Kolatam. The state also celebrates important festivals such as Bonalu and Bathukamma.

What architectural styles are prominent in Telangana, and which structures are recognized by UNESCO?

Telangana showcases various architectural styles, including Badami Chalukya and Dravidian architecture. Notable structures include the Ramappa Temple, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Warangal Fort complex and Thousand Pillar Temple, which are on UNESCO's tentative list.

What is the status of Telugu cinema in India?

Telugu cinema, often called Tollywood, is a major part of Indian cinema, centered in Hyderabad. It is the second-largest film industry in India and has, in some years, produced more films than Bollywood.

What are the defining characteristics of Telangana cuisine?

Telangana cuisine is known for its unique flavors influenced by Deccan and Telugu culture, characterized by the use of spices, millets, and rotis. Popular dishes include biryani, haleem, and kebabs.

Name some indigenous art forms originating from Telangana.

Indigenous art forms from Telangana include Cheriyal scroll painting, Nirmal paintings, and Karimnagar Silver Filigree. The region also developed a distinctive Persianate style of painting known as Deccan painting during the medieval period.

What is the literacy rate of Telangana according to the 2011 census, and how does it compare to the 2019 report?

The 2011 census reported Telangana's literacy rate at 66.46%. A 2019 report indicated a rate of 72.8%, which was noted as the fourth lowest among large Indian states.

Which universities in Telangana are recognized as Institutes of National Importance?

Institutes of National Importance in Telangana include AIIMS Bibinagar, IIT Hyderabad, and NIT Warangal.

Telangana Wiki: Telangana: A Deccan Tapestry of Culture and Progress

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Overview

Location & Formation

Telangana is a state in south-central India, positioned on the high Deccan Plateau. It was officially formed on 2 June 2014, carved out from the northwestern region of Andhra Pradesh. It shares borders with Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. Telangana is the eleventh-largest state by area and the twelfth most populated state in India.

Languages

The primary official language is Telugu, a classical language of India. Urdu is recognized as the second official language. Several tribal languages, such as Gondi, Kolami, Koya, and Lambadi, are also spoken across various regions.

Economy

Telangana's economy is the eighth-largest in India, driven significantly by the services sector, particularly IT and ITES. Agriculture remains a crucial contributor, with major crops including rice, cotton, and sugarcane. The state is a hub for IT software, industry, and research, earning Hyderabad the nickname "Cyberabad."

History

Ancient Roots

Telangana's history spans millennia, with significant periods under the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Vishnukundinas, Chalukyas, Cholas, Rashtrakutas, and the Kakatiyas. The Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323 CE) marked a golden age, with rulers like Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II. The region later fell under the Delhi Sultanate, Bahmani Sultanate, and the Qutb Shahi dynasty, with Golconda becoming a renowned diamond trading center.

Nizam Rule & Integration

From the 17th century, the region was largely governed by the Asaf Jahi dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. After India's independence in 1947, Hyderabad State, under the Nizam, initially sought independence but was integrated into the Union of India in 1948 following a police action. In 1956, the Telugu-speaking Telangana region was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh.

The Telangana Movement

A persistent movement advocating for a separate statehood for Telangana emerged due to perceived neglect and disparities. Major movements occurred in the 1950s, 1969, 1972, and gained significant momentum in the 21st century. This culminated in the formation of Telangana as India's 29th state on 2 June 2014, with Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao as its first Chief Minister.

Geography

Landscape & Rivers

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, characterized by semi-arid terrain. It covers 112,077 square kilometers. The state is drained by major rivers like the Godavari and Krishna, along with tributaries such as the Bhima and Tungabhadra, providing vital irrigation sources. The landscape features diverse soil types supporting various crops.

Ecology & Protected Areas

The region is primarily covered by the Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests. While much of the original forest has been cleared, significant blocks remain in protected areas. Telangana hosts three National Parks: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali, and Mrugavani National Park. Numerous wildlife sanctuaries and sacred groves also contribute to its ecological diversity.

Climate

The climate is predominantly hot and dry, with summers peaking in April. The monsoon season runs from June to September, bringing substantial rainfall. Winters, from November to February, are mild and dry. Temperatures typically range from the mid-20s Celsius in winter to the high 30s Celsius in summer.

People

Population & Literacy

As of the 2011 census, Telangana's population was approximately 35 million, with projections indicating growth. The state's literacy rate stands at around 66.46%, with male literacy higher than female literacy. Hyderabad district exhibits the highest literacy rate, while Mahabubnagar district has the lowest.

Religion & Culture

Hindus constitute the majority (around 85.1%), followed by Muslims (12.7%) and Christians (1.3%). Telangana boasts a rich cultural heritage, evident in its classical music, painting, folk arts like Burra Katha and Perini Shivatandavam, and festivals such as Bonalu and Bathukamma. Its architecture reflects influences from various dynasties, including the Kakatiyas and Qutb Shahis.

Linguistic Diversity

The linguistic landscape is dominated by Telugu (75.5%), followed by Urdu (12.3%). Other significant languages include Lambadi (5.55%), Marathi (1.77%), and Hindi (1.52%). Tribal languages like Gondi and Koya are spoken in specific regions, reflecting the state's diverse populace.

Government

Structure

Telangana operates under a parliamentary system of representative democracy. The executive authority rests with the Council of Ministers, led by the Chief Minister, while the Governor serves as the titular head of state, appointed by the President of India. The state legislature is bicameral, comprising the Legislative Assembly (119 seats) and the Legislative Council (40 seats).

Politics

The primary political parties include the Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS), Indian National Congress, and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Following the 2023 elections, the Indian National Congress formed the government. Local governance is managed through panchayats at village, mandal, and zilla levels, alongside municipal corporations and municipalities for urban areas.

Judiciary

The judicial system is headed by the Telangana High Court, supported by a network of lower courts. This structure ensures the administration of justice throughout the state.

Economy

Agriculture

Agriculture is a cornerstone of Telangana's economy. Rice is the primary food crop, supplemented by maize, cotton, sugarcane, and mangoes. The Godavari and Krishna rivers, along with numerous irrigation projects like the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, are crucial for agricultural productivity. The state faces challenges related to farmer debt and the impact of modern agricultural practices on traditional knowledge.

IT & Services

Telangana is a leading state in IT exports, with Hyderabad serving as a major hub, earning it the moniker "Cyberabad." The HITEC City is a prominent IT center, with similar hubs developing in Warangal, Karimnagar, and Khammam. The services sector, including IT, biotechnology, and healthcare, significantly drives the state's economic growth.

Industries & Minerals

Key industries include automobiles, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and horticulture. The state is mineral-rich, notably with coal reserves from the Singareni Collieries Company. The government actively promotes industrial parks tailored for specific sectors to foster economic development and employment.

Culture

Arts & Architecture

Telangana's artistic heritage includes Cheriyal scroll painting, Nirmal paintings, and Karimnagar Silver Filigree. Its architecture showcases Dravidian styles, Kakatiya influences (e.g., Warangal Fort, Ramappa Temple - a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and Mughal-era structures like Charminar and Golconda Fort in Hyderabad.

Festivals & Traditions

Major festivals celebrated include Bonalu, a vibrant thanksgiving festival, and Bathukamma, a floral festival honoring womanhood. The Sammakka Saralamma Jatara is a significant tribal festival. Traditional folk arts like Burra Katha and Gusadi Dance are integral to the state's cultural identity.

Cuisine

Telangana cuisine is known for its distinctive flavors, often characterized by the use of spices, millets, and rotis. Signature dishes include Hyderabadi Biryani, Haleem, and various kebabs, reflecting a blend of historical influences and local ingredients.

Administration

Divisions

Telangana is administratively divided into 33 districts. These districts are further organized into 70 revenue divisions and 584 mandals. The state comprises 12 cities, 13 municipal corporations, and 132 municipalities for urban governance, alongside numerous gram panchayats for rural administration.

Governance Structure

Each district is overseen by a District Collector. Revenue divisions are managed by Revenue Divisional Officers, and mandals by Mandal Revenue Officers. Village-level administration falls under Village Revenue Officers, ensuring a hierarchical structure for governance and public service delivery.

Transport Network

The state boasts a comprehensive infrastructure network. Roadways are managed by the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TGSRTC). Major national highways connect the state. Railways operate under the South Central Railway zone, with Secunderabad and Hyderabad as key divisions. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Shamshabad serves as the primary international gateway.

Infrastructure

Irrigation Projects

Key irrigation projects include the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Srisailam Dam, and the Kaleswaram Lift Irrigation Project, harnessing the potential of the Godavari and Krishna rivers. These projects are vital for agriculture and water supply across the state.

Power & Energy

The state has significant power generation capacity, including thermal power stations like the Ramagundam Thermal Power Station. The development of energy infrastructure is crucial for supporting industrial and agricultural growth.

Connectivity

Telangana is well-connected by road, rail, and air. The state has a robust railway network, with Secunderabad serving as a major railway hub. The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is a key international gateway, with plans to upgrade other domestic airports to enhance regional connectivity.

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References

Flachs, A., 2019. Planting and performing: Anxiety, aspiration, and "scripts" in Telangana cotton farming. American Anthropologist, 121(1), pp.48-61.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Telangana Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional consultation regarding history, geography, economics, or governance. Always refer to official sources and consult with qualified experts for specific needs.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Telangana: A Deccan Tapestry

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview ℹ️

📍 Location & Formation

🗣️ Languages

💰 Economy

History 📜

🏛️ Ancient Roots

👑 Nizam Rule & Integration

✊ The Telangana Movement

Geography 🌍

🏞️ Landscape & Rivers

🌳 Ecology & Protected Areas

🌡️ Climate

People 👥

📊 Population & Literacy

🕉️ Religion & Culture

🗣️ Linguistic Diversity

Government 🏛️

⚖️ Structure

🗳️ Politics

⚖️ Judiciary

Economy 💰

🌾 Agriculture

💻 IT & Services

🏭 Industries & Minerals

Culture 🎭

🎨 Arts & Architecture

🎉 Festivals & Traditions

🍽️ Cuisine

Administration 🗺️

🔢 Divisions

🏛️ Governance Structure

🛣️ Transport Network

Infrastructure 🏗️

💧 Irrigation Projects

⚡ Power & Energy

🚆✈️ Connectivity

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

Location & Formation

Languages

Economy

History

Ancient Roots

Nizam Rule & Integration

The Telangana Movement

Geography

Landscape & Rivers

Ecology & Protected Areas

Climate

People

Population & Literacy

Religion & Culture

Linguistic Diversity

Government

Structure

Politics

Judiciary

Economy

Agriculture

IT & Services

Industries & Minerals

Culture

Arts & Architecture

Festivals & Traditions

Cuisine

Administration

Divisions

Governance Structure

Transport Network

Infrastructure

Irrigation Projects

Power & Energy

Connectivity

Teacher's Corner

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References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice